Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18159-5 — The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index 9/11 attacks, 436, 437, 438, 479 Operation Uniied Protector, 458 Six Day War, 411 Abkhazia and South Ossetia war Vietnam War, 406 (2008), 456 World War II, 347, 357, 368, Abrams, Creighton (American 369–70, 382, 383, 389 general, Vietnam War), 406 Yom Kippur War, 413 Abu Ghraib, 449 airborne forces, 340, 348, 374, 375, Actium, battle of (31 BC), 55 377–8 Adhémar of Le Puy, bishop, 78 Falklands, 415 Adrianople, battle of (378 BC), 65 Six Day War, 412 Aelian (Tactics), 4, 155, 470 in Vietnam, 397 Aemilius Paulus (Roman general), 41 aircraft carriers, 253 Aeschylus (Greek playwright), 23, 25 American (1930s), 332 Aetius (Roman general), 64 American (World War II), 380 Afghanistan, 40, 430, 436, 437, Japanese (World War II), 379, 382 458–61. See also bin Laden, Aisne offensive (1918), 315 Osama; al-Qaeda Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of (1748), 183 Afrikakorps (World War II), 348, Alans, 66 362, 364 Alba, duke of (Spanish general), 151, Agesilaus (Spartan general), 25, 38 154, 155 aggression, in military tradition, Albania invaded by Italy (1940), 334 10–11, 326 Alberich (German withdrawal 1917), Agincourt, battle of (1415), 89 307 agrarian warfare, 21 Alberti, Leon Batista (Italian hoplite, 18, 19, 21, 22, 29 humanist and architect), 106 Aidid, Mohamed Farrah Albright, Madeleine, 483 (Somali warlord), 422 Alcaeus on the city-state, 18 Air Corps Tactical School (USA), 331 Alexander, Tsar, 203 air warfare Alexander the Great (Macedonian Falklands War, 415, 416 king), 3, 36, 469, 471, 482 Gulf War, 420 Alexius (east Roman emperor), 81 interwar doctrine, 332 Alfred the Great of Wessex, 73, 74, 82 ISIS, 2014, 462 Algerian Civil War (1954–62), 397–9, Kosovo, 432 430 no-ly zones (Iraq), 439 Algonkians, 139 567 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18159-5 — The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index Aljubarrota, battle of (1385), 86 Arab Spring, 457–8 Allawi, Ayad (Iraqi politician), 454 Arab–Israeli wars Allerheim, battle of (1645), 160 1948–9, 409, 410 Almagro, Diego de (Spanish 1956 (Suez Crisis), 410 conquistador), 139 1967 (Six Day War), 411, 412 Alsace-Lorraine, 275, 283 1973 (Yom Kippur War), 412 Ambrones, 47 archers. See bows and arrows American Civil War (1861–5), 227–41 Archilochus (ancient Greek poet), 20 American Expeditionary Force Ardennes, 285 (World War I), 267 German counter-attack (1944), 377 American War of Independence German invasion route (1940), 340 (1775 – 81), 189–93 Ardent (British frigate, Americas, European conquest and Falklands War), 416 exploitation of, 131–2, 138–9 Aridius (Gallo-Roman magnate), 72 iron weapons, 140–3 Aristotle, 26 Amherst, Jeffrey (British general, armada, 501 French and Indian War), 186 Dutch, 124 Amiens, battle of (1918), 318 Spanish, 119, 122, 123, 124 Amiens, Treaty of (1802), 214 armistice, 501 amok combat, 1, 501 (1918), 319, 320, 325–6 Anastasius (east Roman emperor), 68 (1940), 337, 344 angled bastions. See fortiications Armistice (1918), 320 Anglo-Dutch Wars, 125–6 armour. See tank warfare Anglo-Japanese Treaty (1902), 269 armour plate, 85 Anglo-Saxon military organization, arms race 73–5 sixteenth–seventeenth c., 124, 126, Angolan civil war, 430 127 Anna Comnena (Byzantine princess), 81 pre-World War I, 269– 71 Antelope (British frigate, World War II, 362 Falklands War), 416 Army of Northern Virginia Antietam, battle of (1862), 231–2 (American Civil War), 228, 230, Antigonus Gonatas (Macedonian 231, 234, 240 general), 40, 41 Army of the Potomac (American Antioch captured by Crusaders Civil War), 230, 231, 232, 233, (1098), 79 234, 237, 240 Antiochus (Greek ambassador, Army of the Tennessee (American 367 BC), 37 Civil War), 233, 234, 236, 239 Antipater (Macedonian general), 40 Arnhem, battle of (1944), 375 Antwerp, 106–7, 112 arquebus, 132, 145, 155, 501 World War I, 284, 323 Articles of War (British, eighteenth c.), World War II, 375 211 Anzac (Australian and New Zealand artillery, 501 army corps), Dardanelles eighteenth c. improvements, 185, 194 campaign (1915), 298–9 gunpowder revolution, 102–7 Anzio landing (1944), 365 Israel, 456–7 Apache resistance (1880s), 257 medieval, 82, 90–2 appeasement, 333, 334 Napoleonic, 198, 201 Appian (Roman historian), 48 naval, 117–19 Appomattox, Lee’s surrender at New World conquests, 132–4 (1865), 240 Prussian, 247 aquila (Roman eagle insignia), 53 transport, 160 568 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18159-5 — The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index World War I, 253, 282, 300–1, B-52 bomber, 501 302–3, 308 Bacon, Francis (English politician World War II, 350, 371 and scientist), 474 artillery fortresses, 7, 106, 107, 108, Baden, Prince Max of, 320 109, 110, 111, 468 Badoglio, Marshal Pietro (Italian Al-Askari mosque bombing leader), 365 (2006), 452 Baghdad captured (2003), 440 Aspern-Essling, battle of (1809), 208 Bagration (Soviet offensive 1944), 372 Asquith, Herbert (British prime baizuo (white left), 482 minister), 293, 294, 320 Balaclava, battle of (1854), 225 al-Assad, Bashar (Syrian dictator), 461 Balkan campaign (1940–1), 346–9 Assaye, battle of (1803), 215 Balkan Wars (1910s), 271–3 Assize of Arms (England, 1181), 98 Balkan Wars (1990s), 425–30 Assyrian warfare, 15 ballistic missile, 390, 501 Atahualpa (Inca ruler), 140 ballistics, 501 Athens city-state, 25, 26, 27, 28 Bank of England, 9, 181, 216 later warfare, 31, 34, 36–7 Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss Atlanta, battle of (1864), 237, 239 (Union general), 236 Atlantic, battle of (World War II), Bannockburn, battle of (1314), 87, 366–7 468 Atlantic Conveyor (British supply ship, Baqr al-Hakim, Mohammed, 450 Falklands War), 416 Bar Lev Line, 413, 502 atomic bomb attacks on Japan (1945), Barbarossa (German invasion of 383–6 USSR, 1941), 349–54 atomic weapons, 385, 475 Barcelona taken by Charlemagne atrocities. See massacres; war crimes (774), 72 attack in depth, 312, 501 barrel bombs, 462 Attila the Hun, 10, 64 Barret, Robert (The Theory and Practice attrition in war, 5, 181, 241, 300, 310, of Modern Wars, 1598), 101 369, 501 bastion. See artillery fortress Augustus Caesar, Roman emperor, battalion, 502 55–7 battalion attack column, Austerlitz, battle of (1805), 203, 204 revolutionary France, 197 Austria, annexed by Germany (1938), battalion-days in action 333 (Vietnam War), 404 Austrian Succession, war of (1740–8), battering rams, 81, 82 180, 183, 185 battle doctrine Austro-Hungarian empire, 273, 292 interwar, 328–31 Austro-Ottoman War (1683–7), 172–3 medieval, 80 Austro-Prussian War (1866), 243, World War I, 283, 295, 304–5, 307, 245–6 311, 312–13 ‘axis of evil’, 440 battle of resources (Materialschlacht), Axis Powers, 347, 501 304 Ayamores, 139 battlecruiser, 270, 502 Aznar, José María (Spanish prime battleship, 269, 332, 357, 502 minister), 450, 451 Bay of Pigs invasion (1961), 402 Aztecs, 1, 3, 134, 137, 139, 144 bayonet, 174, 502 Bazaine, François-Achille (French B-2 stealth bomber, 458 commander, Franco-Prussian B-17 bomber, 368 war), 248 B-29 bomber, 383, 384, 385 Beachy Head, battle of (1690), 126 569 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18159-5 — The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index Beck, Ludwig (chief of German blind bombing system (German), General Staff, 1933), 328 331, 346 BEF. See British Expeditionary Bloch, Ivan (Is War Now Impossible?, Force (BEF) 1899), 274 Behr, Johann, on decline of the ield blockade, 502 battle, 171 Anglo-French (1939), 337 Belgium Britain against France (early 1940, 340 nineteenth c.), 204 invaded (1914), 284 Britain against Germany (1914), 294 Belgrade Operation Uniied Protector, 458 in World War I, 273 Sarajevo (1992), 427 in World War II, 348 World War I, 321 Belisarius (Byzantine general), 69 Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von bellum romanum (Roman way of war), 5 (Prussian general, Napoleonic Belt and Road Initiative (Chinese Wars), 209 foreign policy), 485 Blücher, World War II German heavy Benedek, Ludovic von (Austrian cruiser, 338 general), 245 Bock, Fedor von (German general, Bergen-op-Zoom besieged (1622), 160 World War II), 336, 340, 341 Berlichingen, Götz von (military body counts (Vietnam War), 404 entrepreneur, sixteenth c.), 149 Boer uprising (1880–1), 256 Berlin, in World War II, 336, 347, Boer War (1899–1902), 258–61 368, 379 Bohemia, 91–2 Berlin Decree (1806), 205 Bologna, 105 Berwick-upon-Tweed besieged bombard, 101, 102, 103, 104, 118, 502 (1333), 102 Bombe (British code-breaking Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald machine, World War II), 338 von (German chancellor), 273, Bomber Command, 367–9, 502 280, 287 bombing Bf 109 (German Messerschmitt interwar doctrine, 332 ighter aircraft), 502 ISIS, campaign against, 462 Biak, battle of (1944), 381 NATO (Balkan Wars, 1990s), 428, Bicocca, battle of (1522), 154 429, 436 bin Laden, Osama (al-Qaeda leader), Operation Uniied Protector, 458 434, 435, 436, 460 Bonaparte, Joseph, 205 Bismarck, Otto von (Prussian Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon chancellor), 242, 245, 246, 247, Bonaparte 249, 250, 268 Borges, Jorge Luis (Argentine poet), 417 ‘Black Hole’ of Calcutta, 187 Borodino, battle of (1812), 206 Black Prince (English military Bosnia. See Balkan wars (1990s) commander, fourteenth c.), 90 Bosnian rebellion (1876), 258 Black Sea Fleet, 424 Boston besieged (1775–6), 190 Black Week (Boer War), 259 Boulogne taken by Germans Blackhawk Down incident (1940), 341 (Somali Civil War), 423 Bourges taken by Pepin I (762), 72 Blair, Tony (British prime minister), Bouvines, battle of (1214), 83 440 bows and arrows, 84, 86–7, 89, Blenheim, battle of (1704), 177 131–2, 135.