DOCUMENT RESUME ED 395 725 RC 020 494 TITLE NOLS Wilderness Education Notebook: A Guide to the NOLS Wilderness Course Curriculum. INSTITUTION National Outdoor Leadership School, Lander, WY. PUB DATE 95 NOTE 118p.; Maps and illustrations may not reproduce adequately. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adventure Education; *Camping; Course Content; Educational Objectives; *Environmental Education; Experiential Learning; *First Aid; Leadership Qualities; *Leadership Training; *Outdoor Education; Safety; Skill Development; Teaching Guides; Teaching Methods; Trails; *Wilderness IDENTIFIERS Environmental Ethic; National Outdoor Leadership School; *Outdoor Leadership ABSTRACT This teaching guide provides basic information on training outdoor leaders for a wilderness course at the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) in Lander, Wyoming. The first chapter, "Teaching at NOLS," overviews teaching fundamentals and describes teaching techniques such as the use of demonstrations, modeling, formal classes, inquiry, teachable moments, debriefing, story telling, and games. The remaining chapters include:(2) Outdoor Living Skills, which covers backpacking, campsite selection, tent and fly pitching, sanitation, stove use and care, nutrition, fire building, fishing, and other skills relevant to outdoor education (3) Mountain Travel, focusing on travel and hazard evaluation skills such as trail techniques, map reading, hazard evaluation, risk management, route finding, compass navigation, and river crossings;(4) Leadership and Teamwork, which outlines information for teaching outdoor leadership and judgment skills related to expedition behavior, student teaching experiences, and expedition planning; (5) Environmental Studies, covering topics related to land management practices, natural sciences, physical sciences, and environmental ethics; and (6) First Aid, covering basic skills such as patient assessment, soft tissue injuries, cold injury, dehydration, shock, altitude illness, and emergency procedures. Each instructional topic includes a general statement related to the relevance of the subject, educational goals, specific course information related to educational goals, effective teaching methods, and a list of resources for locating additional information on a topic's key points. Appendices include tips for student leader exercises, a list of effective leadership habits and skills, and strategies for fostering initiative among student leaders. (LP) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * kr) r-- Lt A y P.1`. 044 ,11/2 ritcot4. srl 47. ? c.1.1 4 4 J._ 4, VIC,442 Z. < , ", t , ; - , S DEPARTMENT OFrovcnoP4 u and imoioNtment Oft.ce of Educatfonat RISSIIrth ". - EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) efA.rL Thfs docurnent has beenreproduCed as recesyed from the persOn 05OrgartuattOn ongmat,ng St made to moron. 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I TO THE Ent,CATIONt\LRESOURCES _ s' -°..r--- INFO/VIA-11nm CENTE H (ERIC) .--,,, , -- - vo_r, -, --.- .--,4"---*--'`,M,-57'r, .'"'.,:-. 41e-la;- ^- -_ rc-*INA = _ -BEST COPY AVAILABLE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1995 NOLS Wilderness Education Notebook INTRODUCTION Pages I-II CHAPTER ONE, TEACHING AT NOLS Fundamentals of Teaching Page 1-2 Teaching Techniques Page 1-3 Turning an Outline into Instruction Page 1-6 CHAPTERTwo,OUTDOOR LIVING SKILLS Pack Packing Page 2-1 Campsite Selection Page 2-2 Tent and Fly Pitching Page 2-3 Sanitation Page 24 Stove Use and Care Page 2-6 Staying Warm and Dry Page 2-7 Basic Cooking and Food Identification Page 2-9 Baking Page 2-10 Nutrition Page 2-12 Fire Building Page 2-14 Minimum-impact Style Page 2-15 Fishing Page 2-16 Trout Habitat and Behavior Page 2-19 Bear Habitat Precautions Page 2-23 CHAPTER THREE, MOUNTAIN TRAVEL Trail Technique Page 3-1 Map Reading Page 3-3 Hazard Evaluation Page 3-6 Subjective Hazards and Risk Management Page 3-8 Time Control Plans Page 3-12 Route Finding Page 3-13 Compass Navigation Page 3-15 River Crossings Page 3-17 Tyrolean Traverse Page 3-21 CHAPTER FOUR, LEADERSHIP AND TEAMWORK Outdoor Leadership and Judgment Page 4-1 Expedition Behavior Page 4-2 Student Teaching Page 4-4 Expedition Planning Page 4-6 CHAPTER FIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Introduction Page 5-1 U.S. Public Land Management Page 5-2 Ecology and Wind River Habitats Page 5-4 Local Habitats Page 5-6 Tree Identification Page 5-12 Individual Species Page 5-15 Mammal Tracking Page 5-16 Constellations and Useful Astronomy Page 5-19 Meteorology and Lightning Page 5-21 Wind River Geology Page 5-27 CHAPTER SIX, FIRST AID Progression Page 6-1 NOLS Statistics Page 6-2 Hygiene & Impure water Page 6-2 Foot Care, Blisters & Tendonitis Page 6-3 Patient Assessment Page 6-6 Soft Tissue injuries Page 6-6 Shock Page 6-6 Fractures &,z Dislocations Page 6-7 Head, Neck and Back Page 6-7 Cold Injury Page 6-7 Heat Injury/Dehydration Page 6-8 Stings, Bites Sc Poison Page 6-8 Altitude Illness Page 6-9 Athletic Injury Page 6-9 Gender Medical Conditions Page 6-9 Improvised Litters Page 6-10 Emergency Procedures Page 6-13 APPENDICES Appendix #1, Leaders of the Day Page i Appendix #2, Leadership Habits Page ii Appendix #3, What is Leadership? Page iii Appendix #4, Fostering Initiative Page iv Appendix #5, NOLS Rocky Mountain Evac Guidelines Page vi Appendix #6, NOLS Field Evacuation Report Page viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Every NOLS instructor who ever wrote a Newsletter article or submitted a curriculum file helped write this book: ray apologies to them for presenting their collective ideas without footnoting, but the WEN has had so many contributors, this would have been impossible. A special tribute should go to Del Smith, John Gookin, and Tod Schimelpfening for their continu- ous support and editorial insight in sorting out the direction and contentof this document The following contributors deserve special recognition and thanks for their efforts: Morgan Hite: constellations, animal tracking, expedifion behavior, land management; Tod Schimelpfenig: first aid and subjective hazards; Carrie Cox: nutrition; John Gookin: tyrolean traverse, and "designing a course"; and Chad Henderson: U.S. Public Land Management. I'd also like to single out Debbie Derbish and thank her for lending a calm hand when various computer and office crises threatened this project. John McMullen's artwork added spiceand clarity to the WEN that went beyond our dreams. Thanks to Hanna Hinchrn.an for letting us use her "knuckle mountain" diagram. Finally, thanks to all those.who provided valuable information or critique throughout the last three years: Barb Cestero, Willie Williams, Abby Haggerty, Phil Powers, Ed Lee, Willy Warner, Lynne Wolfe, Bill Dunbar, Pippa Gowen, Rich and Susan Brame, Susan Benepe, LianneOwen, Molly Hampton, Mark Cole, Willy Cunningham, Jono McKinney, Maria Timmons, DaveGlenn, Don Weber, Kevin Mc Gowen, Thelma Young, Steve Goryl, Chad Henderson, Scott Kane,Marit Sawyer, Patrick Clark, Christi Larsen, Colby Coombs, Eric Sawyer, Tom Reed, ChavawnKelly, Paul Petzoldt and the many instructors and instructor course students who field tested the '92, '93,and 94 draft editions. And a special thanks to Molly Absolon for her merciless eye for correct grammar andher skillful layout. I think we finally have more than a draft! Happy Trails, Copyright NOLS Craig Stebbins August 1994 INTRODUCTION Paul Petzoldt established the National Outdoor(S1C), the WEN is intended to help meet the stu- Leadership School to train outdoor leaders. Hedent outcomes for the most typical NOLS course, taught his students the skills required to takethe Wind River Wilderness Course (WRW). others safely into the mountains while they trav- eled through mountains. He summarized hisThe notebook does not contain everything you educational theory with