Map of Ancient Greece For more information about Ancient Greece, follow the URL to the video, and fast-forward to the 11:40 mark. http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/greeks-crucible-civilization/ Two Greek City States Location and Populations Athens Sparta • Named for the goddess • Existence dates back to Athena the Neolithic – Goddess of wisdom and • 8,000 Spartiates ruled knowledge over 100,000 enslaved • Population and semi-enslaved – 140,000 peoples • 40,000 slaves • Most populous in Hellas Two Greek City States Systems of Rule Athens Sparta • Direct democracy • Oligarchy • Elected officials – Rule by a few – 10 generals (stragegos) • Other elements – Magistrates (archons) – Monarchy – Council of 500 • Two kings – The Assembly – Republic • Open to all (free, male) • Five elected overseers citizens – Democracy • Elected Council/senators – Aristocracy/nobility • Rule by the upper class Two Greek City States Systems of Rule Two Greek City States Social Structure Athens Sparta • Aristocrats • Spartiates – Owned large estates – Military professionals – Cavalry and battleship captains – Lived mostly in barracks • Triremes • Perioeci • Small farmers – Means: neighbor – Middle class – Artisans, craftsmen, • Thetes merchants – Lower class – Could not vote • Metics • Helots – From outside the city – Not allowed to own land – Serfs constantly attacked • Slaves by Sparta – Like slaves, but not completely The Ancient Greek Trireme For more information about the trireme, go to http://www.richeast.org/htwm/greeks/ kapost/ship.html Two Greek City States Lifestyle, values Athens Sparta • Democratic • Militaristic values • Believed in their cultural – Children taught to get superiority along with almost nothing, noone. “Further, we provide many ways • Spartiates were not to refresh the mind from the burdens of business. We hold allowed to own luxuries contests and offer sacrifices all the year round, and the • Classes were separated elegance of our private establishments forms a daily • Spartan mother to her source of pleasure and helps to drive away sorrow. The son: magnitude of our city draws the produce of the world into our harbor, so that to the Either come back with Athenian the fruits of other countries are as familiar a your shield, or on it luxury as those of his own." Two Greek City States Treatment of Boys Athens Sparta • Upper and middle • Taken from parents at 7 classes and trained in warfare – Education • Training was harsh • Reading, writing and – To learn survival skills, mathematics, music, poetry, sports and they were encouraged to gymnastics steal their own food • Wealthy were educated • through their mid- At 20, they entered twenties higher ranks of military – Taught philosophy, ethics and rhetoric • At 30, they could marry • Lower classes but remained living in – Education was available military quarters but not required Two Greek City States Treatment of Girls Athens Sparta • Upper and middle • Like boys, their classes upbringing focused on – Education war • Little formal education – Exercise and physical • Some tutoring fitness were important • Included spinning – Expected to produce weaving and other healthy, warrior sons domestic arts .