Report on altering Waiau River to Waiau Uwha Flows from Thompson Pass in the Spenser Mountains to the South Pacific Ocean south of Kaikoura MAP 1 Source: MapToaster™ NZTopo250 sheets 18 and 19 Crown Copyright Reserved SUMMARY • Te Rūnanga o Kaikōura (TRoK) is seeking to alter the recorded name, Waiau River, to Waiau Uwha, without the generic term ‘River’. • TRoK’s tradition is that ‘Waiau Uwha, the female river, coupled with Waiau Toa [Clarence River], the male river, drifted away from each other. Waiau Uwha laments this separation and her tears swell the waters when melted snow enters the river’. • TRoK has also made a proposal to alter Clarence River to Waiau Toa. • The river flows generally south and then east for approximately 160 km from its source below Thompson Pass in the Spenser Mountains to its mouth at the South Pacific Ocean, approximately 50 km southwest of Kaikoura. • TRoK has provided evidence of the river being named ‘Waiauuwha’, ‘Waiau-uha’ and ‘Waiau uha’. Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori has confirmed that the orthography ‘Waiau Uwha’ is correct, and advised that ‘ua’ can be a contraction of ‘uha’, which is a variant form of ‘uwha’. • Altering Waiau River to Waiau Uwha River (or Waiau Uwha without the generic term) would recognise the historical significance of the name, 1 Land Information New Zealand 20 April 2016 Page 1 of 9 Linzone ID A2160684 and support TRoK’s desire to have the meaning and story behind the name live on. It would also meet the NZGB’s statutory function to collect and encourage the use of original Māori names on official charts and maps. However, the NZGB should also consider whether the long term use of Waiau River outweighs TRoK’s desire to have the original Māori name restored without the generic term ‘River’. • For approximately 40 km the middle stretch of the river flows along side of State Highway 7 (Lewis Pass), and it also passes through a significant number of recreational areas (including Lake Sumner Forest Park) where there has been loss of life over the years. The NZGB should consider whether retaining the English generic term ‘River’ would help emergency services to identify and locate the feature. • There is little difference in the pronunciation of Waiau River and Wairau River, whose source is approximately 10 km east of the head of Waiau River. Altering Waiau River to Waiau Uwha or to Waiau Uwha River may avoid confusion with Wairau River for emergency services and recreational users. • The proposer has provided evidence that Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu supports the proposal; however, the proposer has not provided evidence of consultation with interested groups. If the NZGB accepts this proposal, then affected groups may make a submission during the notification period. • The proposal may attract some media attention as the river is well known in the surrounding communities, particularly Hanmer Springs, Rotherham, Culverden, Waiau (locality), Spotswood and Cheviot. 20 April 2016 Page 2 of 9 Linzone ID A2160684 SECRETARIAT RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1 Accept the proposal to alter Waiau River to Waiau Uwha River , with the addition of the generic geographic term ‘River’ to help emergency services to identify the feature, based on the NZGB’s function to collect original Māori names for recording on official charts and maps, documentary evidence of the original name and Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori having confirmed the orthography, and Notify as a proposal to alter for three months in terms of Section 16 of the NZGB Act 2008. AND Recommendation 2 For consistency, request the Department of Conservation to consider altering Waiau Rivermouth Recreation Reserve to Waiau Uwha Rivermouth Recreation Reserve and Waiau Rivermouth Scenic Reserve to Waiau Uwha Rivermouth Scenic Reserve . AND Recommendation 3 Discontinue Waiau Irrigation Scheme in terms of Section 24(2)(b) of the NZGB Act 2008, based on the NZGB no longer having jurisdiction over irrigation schemes, and Notify in terms of Section 21(2) of the NZGB Act 2008. OTHER OPTIONS Option 4 Accept the proposal to alter Waiau River to Waiau Uwha (without the generic term ‘River’) based on the NZGB’s function to collect original Māori names for recording on official charts and maps, documentary evidence of the original name and Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori having confirmed the orthography, and Notify as a proposal to alter for three months in terms of Section 16 of the NZGB Act 2008. AND Option 5 Discontinue Waiau Irrigation Scheme in terms of Section 24(2)(b) of the NZGB Act 2008, based on the NZGB no longer having jurisdiction over irrigation schemes, and Notify in terms of Section 21(2) of the NZGB Act 2008. SECRETARIAT ANALYSIS The proposal and • Te Rūnanga o Kaikōura (TRoK), which is one of 18 papatipu rūnanga ( lit. its significance to governance structures) of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, is seeking to alter the proposer Waiau River to Waiau Uwha. • TRoK advises that: - the restoration of original tribal names for geographic features in its takiwā ( lit. district) is very important to Ngāi Tahu, and - the Waiau Toa and Waiau Uwha tradition is well known to Ngāti Kuri, a hapū of TRoK, and appears in several whanau manuscripts. 20 April 2016 Page 3 of 9 Linzone ID A2160684 • TRoK has also made a proposal to alter Clarence River to Waiau Toa. The Waiau Uwha • ‘Waiau perhaps denotes water current (wai: water, au: current) uwha: tradition denotes femininity. Waiau Uwha is the female river, coupled with Waiau Toa (the male river), these two drifted away from each other. Waiau Uwha laments this separation [and] her tears swell the waters at the times when warm rains allow melted snow to enter the river’. Names for the • The river has been named ‘Waiau’ in various forms on maps, plans and river shown on charts since 1841. Between 1860 and 1920 some maps and plans also maps, plans and show the river named as ‘Dillon’. A 1953 news article in the NZGB’s charts archives records, ‘During the last half of the 19 th century the Waiau river (sic) was shown on maps as the Dillon, and since this river formed part of the boundary of Nelson Province, it was probably so named after the Hon. Constantine Augustus Dillon, who in 1851 was Nelson’s Commissioner of Crown Lands’. • Several historical maps and charts name Waiau River as ‘R. Waiau-ua (or Lesser)’ and Clarence River as ‘R. Waiau-toa (or Greater)’. This could allude to either the size of the rivers’ catchment at the time, or the feminine (uwha) river being of less importance than the male (toa) river. • Some of the earlier maps and plans have ‘ua’ as a suffix to the river’s name. The proposer advises that ‘Uwha’ is the correct orthography for ‘ua’. Map/plan/chart Date Name Sketch of the Middle Island 1841 WAIO R (WAIAU) Stokes Chart 1856 Waiau ua R. Islands of New Zealand (Admiralty & 1859 R. Waiau-ua (or Lesser) Mantell) Topographical map of the Western 1860 R. Dillon (Wai au ua) part of the Province of Nelson (Haast) Geological Map of the Province of 1860 Waiau ua or Dillon River Nelson (Hochstetter & Haast) Wyld’s Chart of New Zealand 1862 R. Wai-au-au (or Lesser) New-Zealand (Petermann) 1864 Dillon R. (Wai-au-ua) Provinces of Nelson and Marlborough 1864 Dillon River or Waiau-ua PROC131 c.1876 RIVER WAIAU-UA (Dillon) TOPO 19A, SO 715 1882 RIVER WAIAU Nelson and Marlborough Provinces 1885 Waiau-ua R (DILLON) SO 682 1888 RIVER WAI AU SO 1410 1894 RIVER WAI-AU-UA SO 628 1897 Waiau River SO 668 1906 RIVER WAIAU-UA SO 5357 1916 WAIAU RIVER NZMS 26 1920 Waiau-uha R. (Dillon) SO 5781 1922 Waiau-ua River SO 6317 1929 WAIAU RIVER NZMS 1, S40, 1 st - 4th eds. 1943-1982 Waiau River NZMS 1, S47, 1 st - 5th eds. 1951-1984 20 April 2016 Page 4 of 9 Linzone ID A2160684 NZMS 1, S54, 1 st - 4th eds. 1945-1981 NZMS 1, S55-S56, 1 st - 3rd eds. 1944-1974 NZMS 1, S62, 1 st - 3rd eds. 1943-1974 Waiau R. NZMS 177, S47, S54, S55, S62 1962 Waiau River NZMS 177, S40 1963 NZMS 13, CB1-2-3, 1 st edition 1927 RIVER WAIAU NZMS 13, CB1-3, 3rd edition 1955 WAIAU RIVER NZMS 13, CB8, 1 st edition 1915 RIVER WAIAU NZMS 13, CB8, 3rd edition 1961 WAIAU RIVER NZMS 13, CB14, 1 st edition 1879 R. WAIAU-UA nd NZMS 13, CB14, 2 edition 1915 RR. WAIAU NZMS 13, CB14, 3 rd edition 1961 WAIAU RIVER NZMS 13, CB15, 1 st edition 1915 RIVER WAIAU NZMS 13, CB15, 3 rd edition 1953 WAIAU RIVER NZMS 13, CB16, 1 st edition 1877 RIVER WAIAU-UA (Dillon) NZMS 13, CB16, 2 nd edition 1948 RIVER WAIAU NZMS 13, CB27, 3 rd edition 1956 WAIAU RIVER NZMS 13, CB28, 3 rd edition 1958 WAIAU RIVER Topographic Map 260-M30 1989, 1998 Topographic Map 260-M31 1989, 2001 Topographic Map 260-M32 1989-2001 Waiau River Topographic Map 260-N32 1989-2003 Topographic Map 260-O33 1990, 2006 Infomap 346-02 1995 Wai au uwha Chart NZ 25 2012 Waiau River NZTopo50-BU26 2013 Waiau River NZTopo50-BS24,BT24,BU24,BU25 2014-2015 Location and • Waiau River flows generally south and then east for approximately 160 extent of the river km from its source at Thompson Pass in the Spenser Mountains to its mouth at the South Pacific Ocean, approximately 50 km southwest of Kaikoura. • The survey report for an accretion claim on DP 310479 records that near Parnassus (locality) there has been a gradual and imperceptible movement of the river from north to south.