PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A Study of Lexical Features of Gay Community in the Script Milk A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M.Hum) Degree in English Language Studies by Erni Dewi Riyanti Student Number: 10 6332 027 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2012 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A THESIS A STUDY OF LEXICAL FEATURES OF GAY COMMUNITY IN THE SCRIPT MILK by Erni Dewi Riyanti Student Number: 106332027 Approved by Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A. ………………………… Thesis Advisor Date: August 13, 2012 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A THESIS A STUDY OF LEXICAL FEATURES OF GAY COMMUNITY IN THE SCRIPT MILK Presented by Erni Dewi Riyanti 106332027 Defended before the Thesis Committee and Declared Acceptable. Chairperson : Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A. _____________ Secretary : Drs. Barli Bram, M.Ed., Ph.D. _____________ Members : 1. Prof. Dr. Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo _____________ 2. Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd, M.A. _____________ Yogyakarta, August 13, 2012 The Graduate Program Director Sanata Dharma University Prof. Dr. Augustinus Supratiknya iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEDICATION PAGE This thesis is dedicated to my parents, my soon-to-be husband, my family, and my friends who are willing to be part of my academic journey. "The happiest of people don't necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way." (Karen S. Magee) iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY This is to certify that all ideas, phrases, sentences, unless otherwise stated, are the ideas, phrases, and sentences of the thesis writer. The writer understands the full consequences including degree cancellation if she took somebody else's ideas, phrases, or sentences without proper references. Yogyakarta, August 13, 2012 Erni Dewi Riyanti v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Erni Dewi Riyanti NIM : 10 6332 027 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: A Study of Lexical Features of Gay Community in the Script Milk beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 13 Agustus 2012 Yang menyatakan Erni Dewi Riyanti vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praise to Allah Subhana Wa Ta'ala for the endless blessing in accomplishing this thesis. My special gratitude goes to my thesis advisor, Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A. for his kind support, guidance, suggestion, and patience to help me completing this project. I would also like to offer a sincere gratitude to all the lecturers in English Language Studies for teaching as well as sharing knowledge during my study in Sanata Dharma University, F.X. Mukarto, Ph.D., Dr. Novita Dewi, M.S., M.A. (Hons), Prof. Dr. Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo, Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A., Dr. J. Bismoko., and Prof. Dr. Ch. Bakdi Sumanto, S.U. An earnest gratitude goes to my beloved parents, Bp. Sutardji and Ibu Udji Murgijati, whose support and trust have strengthened me to walk and be responsible for every decision I made. Also, to my brothers and sisters, Anjas Budi Satriya, Sumarni, Dyaning Wulandari, Dani Maulia Rahman, and Baskoro Budi Riyanto, as well as my dearest niece and nephew, Alleta Zahra Satriyani and M. Kenza Putra Rahman. I deeply express my appreciation for their support, advice, patience, and prayers. In addition, I will not be able to complete this work without full support from my colleagues in the Language Training Center, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (Pak Jati Suryanto, Bu Noor Qomaria, Pak Pratama Ahdi, Bu Ika Wahyuni, Bu Luluk Iswati, Bu Mariska Intan Sari, Bu Arifah Mardiningrum, Bu Sri Ani Puji, Bu Yashinta Farahsani, Bu Nurul Yusnita, and staff). I do present a genuine gratitude for their kind support and prayer. My sincere appreciation is offered to my colleagues who had spent their time to be the proofreaders of my data and thesis writing, Pak Cisya D. Nugraha, Bu Tri Utari S., Ms Pitriawati, and Ms Dinda Darodjatun Sholihah. To all my classmates in Class B of 2010 ELS (Mbak Anjar Dwi A., Mbak Athriyana S. Pattiwael, Mbak Umi Rohmiyatun, Mbak Orpa Tambing M., Mas V. Tangguh A. Nugroho, Bu Bernadetta Eko P., Dameria Magdalena, Tri Sugiarto ―Dede‖, Caecilia Devie K., Lelly Sepniwati, Fitria Rahmawati, and Rusdiana Kurniawati) and Pak Mul, I do appreciate your heartfelt and priceless companionship for the last two years. I would also like to thank Rizkha Destianri Ridwan, Erwin Pebriari Widyatmoko, Rezkina Hartini, Siti Rohmah, Nur Muhayyati, Anies Rohidayah, and Des Maria Dewi Mayasari for being very encouraging friends. Also, to my best friend and partner in life—past, present and future—Yoga Okto Putomi, your kind understanding, constructive arguments, pleasant chats, and sincere support convey everything. Last but not least, I thank all whose names cannot be mentioned one by one here. May the Almighty grant His endless and generous blessings to you all. Erni Dewi Riyanti vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE................................................................................................ i APPROVAL PAGE..................................................................................... ii DEFENSE APPROVAL PAGE.................................................................. iii DEDICATION PAGE................................................................................. iv STATEMENT OF WORK ORIGINALITY................................................ v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN UNTUK PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH.................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................... xi LIST OF APPENDICES.............................................................................. xii ABSTRACT................................................................................................ xiii ABSTRAK................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the study........................................................................ 1 1.2 Problem limitation.................................................................................. 9 1.3 Problem formulation.............................................................................. 11 1.4 Research goals....................................................................................... 11 1.5 Benefits of the study.............................................................................. 12 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW............................................... 14 2.1 Lexical feature: a marker of language variation................................... 14 2.2 Semantic change................................................................................... 22 2.3 Language and linguistics in LGBT communities.................................. 25 2.4 LGBT and gay movement in United States.......................................... 32 2.5 Milk and the history of LGBT films....................................................... 35 2.6 Review of related research.................................................................... 38 2.7 Theoretical framework......................................................................... 40 CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY......................................................... 43 3.1 Data collection...................................................................................... 43 3.2 Data analysis......................................................................................... 45 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.................................. 49 4.1 Lexical features in the script Milk........................................................ 49 4.2 Meaning changes in the lexical features............................................... 76 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION............ 100 5.1 Conclusion............................................................................................ 100 5.2 Recommendation................................................................................. 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................... 105 APPENDICES...........................................................................................