MARSHALL ISLANDS FILE TRACKING DOCUMENT Record Number: File Name (TITLE): Document Nu,mber (ID): h / / - / 31 / Previous Location (FROM): L?/e - AUTHOR: Addditional Information: .F OrMIbox: ,0 CyMBox: /z. WT-1311 (EX) EXTRACTED VERSlOh OPERATION REDWING Project 2.2 --L_/ Gamma Exposure Rate Versus Time Pacific Proving Grounds May - July 1956 Headquarters Field Command Defense Atomic Support Agency Sandia Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico January 18, 1960 NOTICE This is an extract of WT-1311, Operation REDWING, Project 2.2, which remains classified SECRET/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA as of this date. Extract version prepared for: Director DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY Washington, D.C. 20305 15 May 1981 I I i _ _I _I.Y L : ..-. ~, c”,\,, y CL*\:11 1c*itci* or THIS I’ALL I?>.” C.,. L” I.,. d, - --- -- --------- .~ -______ _______.-.~__ _. - - __-.-- -------- REPORT D3CU\!EH-l-A-lIO)-(PAGE READ IKSTRUCTIONS tiEFORE CCAIPLE.7 INC FORU .--__ ---..--A ----- .-_- __ ~*~~~T-;tiYrerR 1 COVT *cccs~IowMC 1. RECIPIINT’S CATALOG NUNBLR -- WT-1311 (EX) - __.c__ -.-_ _li __---____ ,,T,TLE f.-.d Lbflfla) S. TYPE OF REPORT L PERIOD COVERED Operation REDWING - Project 2.2 Gama Exposure Rate Versus Time -.-- - L. PERFoRuIWC ORG. REPORT HUUBER --- WT-1311 (EX) ~iXiZZ9J 1. CONT.%ACT OR GRANT NIJMBCR(~J - P. Brown 8. Markow G. Carp R. Marmiroli -- -~ -. ,. ,-ERFORUING ORGANIZATION NAUE *NO ADDRESS IO. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK AREA b WORK UNIT NUMBERS U.S. Army Signal Research and Develop Laboratory Fort Monmouth, New Jersey ._--- -- .__--.-- _..__~.__ ,_ C~HTROLLIWG OFFICE NAUE AN0 ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Headquarters Field Command January 18, 1960 - .__-_ --.- Defense Atomic Support Agency 13. NUMBER OF PAGES Sandia Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of rhl. r.pwfJ Unclassified ~_~ 15a.OECLASSIFICATION~OO~NGRAOlNG SCHEDULE .__ ._._______ .--- -~-___- 6. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (or rhl. R.port) Approved for public release; unlimited distribution. ~__~______.. ----.- ___._.~~ .- --. -.--~_____._ __ 1. DISTRII~UTION STATEMENT (of Ihe .brtr.cl .r:tr,rd In Dltick 70. II diflcrml lrom R.porr) ~.. _..~_ .__ .__ ..___ ___ .._. --- 8. SUPPLCUENTAR’~ HOTES [his report has had the classified information ren:ovedand has been republished in unclassified forinfor public release. This work was performed by Kaman Tempo under sontract DNAOOl-79-C-0455 with the close cooperation of the Classification 'lanarJcmentDivision of the Defense Nuclear Agency. _~ .~ _.~- ~- _ 9 r(f_Y vo,‘“S (Conlinu. on ,C\.,)rC .id. ,I,,r<r...v .~>b:dcr;,//y Ly Llock nu:t.r\ Operation REDWING Initial-Gamma Radiation Residual-Gamma Radiation Hydrodynamic Effect - ----- _-______ _____________ -_.- ------- ---- ------ -- ~. -___- ,- '3D LOITIOW OF 1 HOV LS IS CkSOCLTE U'lCLASSIFIED . ._- -- _____.__.. -~__~__.._____--.~- FORERORD This report has had classified material removed in order to . make the information available on an unclassified, open publication basis, to any interested parties. This effort to declassify this report has been accomplished specifically to support the Department of Defense Nuclear Test Personnel Review (I;TPR) Program. The objective is to facilitate studies of the low levels of radiation received by scme individuals during the at;;iosphericnuclear test program by r;;ckingas much information as pcssible availzble to all interested parties. The rr:aterialk:hich has been deleted is all currently classified as Restricted Dita or Fcrmerly Restricted Data under the provision .of the Atomic Energy Act of 1354, (as azended) or is I\'ztionalSecurity Inforr7,ation. This report has been reproduced directly from available ccpies of the original material. The locations from which ;;aterial has been deleted is generally obvious by the spacings 2nd "iloles" in the text. Thus the context of the material deleted is identified to assist the reader in the determination of ;;hether the deleted information is germane to his study. It is the belief of the individuals klho have participated in pt-c-paringthis t-c-portby deleting the c'lassified material end of l_he Defense Kucleur Agency that the report accurately portrays the contents of the original and that the deleted r;,aterialis of little or no significance to studies into the c;sounts or types of radiation received by any individuals curing the atmospheric nuclear test program. SUMMARY OF SHOT GATA.OF'ERATIOh REDWl!& ----5----- I . u 33 29 56% 21 18 ll 37 2L 162 19 I.3 3.l37 I+1 162 21 52 ll ?C 3: l62 I.301 u /.r 52 165 23 l.3 ll 33 ac c 162 21 93 u 37 21 162 19 32 u 32 ka 162 21 39 xl 37 53 16218 o/. II 40 22 165 4 l3 ll 37 39 162 ie ~9 11 C\ 17 162 li 01 n 39 ba 165 23 u ll LO 26 l65 20 22 u .G 19 I62 12 09 i 6 . I Atrukll)l cnmc Alruklruu Peter Aomosn George Arrtlkan Yoke Blglren Ibg-er Blklnl Bow Bikini Atoll. Locations of test dctonatiol- ,.s during Operation Redwing are indicated by large !ettering and arro??:s. Native island names with corresponding military identifizs arc given in the tabulation. 5 KICKAPOO YUYA War7 Kat. Eltwr wllms lrrla Eniwetok Atoll. Locations of test detonations during Operation Redwing are indicated by large lettering and arrows. Native island names with corresponding military identifiers are given in the tabulation. 6 .- The primary objective of Project 2.2 was to measure initiai- and residual-gamma- exposure rates as a function of time at various distances from high-yield-thermonuclear detonations. Secondary objectives were to measure the residual gamma-exposure rate at the lip of the crater from a high-yield, land-surface shot; and to field test a protot_ype thermal detector to be used in a radiological-defense-warning system. The residuul-gamma radiation was detected by an unsaturated-ion chamber, whose output determined the frequency of pulses that v.:ere recorded 011electro-sensitive paper. Most of the initial-gamma-radiation stations consisted of scintillation detectors whose output determined the frequency of pulses that were recorded on magnetic tape. Some initial-gamma instruments were similar to those used during Operation Castle. The exposure rate near the crater was measured with a detector-telemeter unit dropped from a helicopter. Residual-gamma-exposure rate versus time was obtained after Shots Zuni, Flathead, Navajo, and Tewa. The observed average-decay exponents for these events were 1.1 for Zuni and Tcwa, 1.2 for Flathead, and 1.3 for PLvajo. In some cases, the effect of rain- fall in leaching the activity dccrensed the exposure rate by a factor of two. Records from Shot Flathead at 7,730 fecr and from Shot Navajo at 13,870 feet indicated that at these locations about 2/3 of the tot:11 initial-gamma e,xposure was delivered after the arrival of the shock front. The crater-lip measurements indicated that the method was a feasible one; however, no usable data was obtained. The thermal-radiation detector res;)on:!ed satisfactority to a detonation at a distance of 20 miles. This report presents the final results of one of the projects participating in the military- effect programs of Operation Redwing. Overall information about #is and the other military-effect projects can be obtained from WT - 1344, the “Summary Report of the Commander, Task Lnlt 3.” This technical summary includes: (1) tables listing each detonation with its yield, type, environment, meteorological conditions, etc.; (2) maps showing shot locations; (3) discussions of results by programs; (4) summaries of objec- tives, procedures, results, etc., for 311 projects; and (5) a listing of project reports for the military-effect programs. ABST~CT____________________________-__----------_-___ 7 CB_@TER 1 INTRODUC~O~___________ _______.- -______ _______ 13 1.1 Objectives____________________________-----_-_______ 13 1.2 Background_________-_______________________________ 13 1.3 Thsory___________~__________________-___-_________ 13 1.3.1 Initial-Gamma Radiation _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 1.3.2 Residual_Gdn:ma Radiation _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 1.3.3 Absorption in _Jir- _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _.__ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 15 1.3.4 Bydrodynynt:mic Effect ___I______ _____________________ 16 CHAPTER 2 PR~~~~~UR~-____~_~-~~-~~~~~~~~~~--~------~~~~ 16 2.1 Operations -___-_-_--_-- _______ _____- _--__ ___________ 16 2.2 Instrumentation -___- ______ _ _______ ___________________ 18 2.2.1 The Residual instrument System, Courad I Detector - - - - - - - - - - - 18 2.2.2 Residual lnstrument System Recorder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21 2.2.3 Initial Instrument System, Gustave I Detector- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 2.2.4 Photomultiplier Feedback Circuit, lnitial Instrument ~y~~~~~-~~_____-~__~~_~~_~~~-~~~~--~-~~---~-~ 22 2.2.5 ~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~--~~~---~-------------- 22 2.2.6 Righ-Range Initial-Gatnma Station Calibration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25 2.:: Readout Error tid Accuracy of the Gustave and ^ ConradSystems _________ _ _____ ________-________ 25 2.4 Beach-Ball-Radiation-Detector-Telemeter Unit- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26 2.5 Thermal_RadiatianDctector __-___ -___________________---- 27 CHAPTER 3 RESULTS XND DISCUSSION ------------------------- 28 3.1 Residual-Radiation Measurements- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 3.2 Initial-Radiation 9easurements - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43 3.3 Beach-Ball Measurements__-____-_- _____ ____-__-_____-__ 49 3.4 Thermal-Raifiatlc,n Detector- - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 49 CHAPTER 4 CONC~,~S1O~S..___-_-__--___-----___---____-____