Cr e t a n Ele m e n t s in t he Cult s a n d Rit ua l o f Apo llo a Etssert at ton PRESENTED TO TH E FACULTY OF BRYN M AWR COLLEGE I N PARTIAL FULFILM ENT OF TH E REQ U IREM ENTS FOR TH E DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PH ILOSOPH Y MARY HAMILTO N S WINDLER BRYN MA R PENNSYLVANIA W , MARCH, 1913 I T 1913 BY BRYN MAWR C LLEGE. COPYR GH , , O Qific £ or b Q a ftimou (pus s su mm o ns , um , U. s. A. CONTENTS . I I . NTRODU CTION — ( a ) Cr et a n bo a st Cr e t e t he H o m e o f Religio n an d o f t he Go ds 1 Ke n . r e o f Tr u h l t . ( a ) Di r ec t c o n t ribut io n s fr o m Cr et e Wo r ship o f t he Mo t he r o f t he Go ds O rphic Re i i o n 0m ha i r M r ri l g op g a ; Sac ed a age . b n dir e c t c o n t r ibut io n s : Cr t e t h st e in ( ) I e , e pp g s n f n in n s t o e o c o t e t . r m E t M s i s sir -Z r o t er e O is eus. F gyp , y ; ag F o Asia Min o r Dio n so s-Za r eus Wo r r m , y g , ship o f So n ( Phrygia ) ; Hitt it e elem en t s ; S em it ic e m n t A i e e s ma . l ( ss n, Ph l c Gr a tin an d a ssim i a t io n o f deit ie s n d ut s ( ) f g l a c l , Z u A l e s, po l o (b) The Apo llo Q ue st io n 1 Ho m r i h . e ; O gin a l c a r ac t e r ; An c ien t views in r ega r d t o his o r i in—Ho m er Dio do r us M de rn vi e s o n g , ; o w t he s b ec Gr e k be o n n ll u t : e i t o a st o cks E. j , l g g , Me e r No rt hern n am e in ex ic ab e Fa m e ll y ; , pl l , ; ‘ Nam e Io c Gr u e fr o m Bab o n N l o ni , pp ; yl , i ss n ; Thrac ian To m a sc hek Rid e a Mur ra Ha i , , g w y, y, rr so n Pr e-H e en ic Go d o f Asia Mi o a n d I la d ; ll n r s n s, L c ian Wilam o wit z Via Cr et e if r o m L c ia ( y ) , ; , f y , but n o t o ld in Cr et e t he r e o r n t e r n Al , f e o Ea st , y ; Cr t Fr hin ham A A 1 1 1 e e , o t g , . J . 9 . 2 O r i in an d r i in al ha r a t r i do u . g o g c c e n bt , but very im po rt an t Cr et an e lem e nt s t aken o ve r int o his wo r ship Pyt hio s Delphin io s Sm in t heus Amyklaio s- Hyakin tho s Agyie us Ta r rhaio s Min o r Cult s an d Asso c iatio n s 4 CONTENTS ( 3 ) Gro up Dan c e-Hypo rc hem e (b) No m o s ( c ) Pae an M A V. SU M RY : CONCLU SION IBLI VI . B OGRAPH Y ST F I LI O ABBREVIAT ONS . The fo llowin g a bbr evia tion s have been used A — i . A . Am er c a n o urna l o f Arc haeo o J J l gy. — A . P . Am e r ica n o u n al o f i o o J J r Ph l l gy. - A r c h . An z Ar c héi l nz i r . o o gisc her A e ge . Ar c h f Re l —Ar i i n i . h o s s . c v ffi r Re i s s en c a l g w h ft. A Mi h — h n i h n t h . tt A e s h ilu n 1 . t c e Mit t e ge . B H -Bu t i r r n d n . i C. e n d C s o a c é n u ll e o e p e He ll q e . - ' B . r W. B r h i P . e in e r hi o o isc e Wo c h en sc l P l l g h ft. B A — n n S . A u l r h h h . a f t he B it is Sc o o a t A en s o l t . — - - B lli z B c h l n r i h ia kt n sc hr i t n . C. Co t e t e am m u de r G ec isc n e e l, S g h e D l I f — I . r n r . u I um r r um C G . sc i t i c a Co p s p o n G ae . R — l s i i . a c al R v e C C s e w . — n r i t i n I G. sc ra ce . o e s G I p . H — u u i S . o rn l f en i d s . a He t e . J . J o ll c S n n — i M A . M n n i i h . t um An o 1 o e t t c . M T n P — n n Tr n Pil u d . C Eva s M e a a e a lar . C a . c e e d . n , y lt P W - ul - Wi so wa . Pa y s . P i1 — hi l h . u P lo o g s. Rh M —Rh inis u eum . e c hes M s . I . D INTRO UCTION . Re cent exca vatio ns in Crete ha ve pla ced in the fo refro nt o f He llenic study the pro blem o f determ ining what in flue nc e s sur vive d o m l fr the o d Aegea n re ligio n in Hellenic wo rship . This de bt which Gre e ce o we d t o Crete is o n e that the ancient s the m c o z o who m o selves re gni ed . Alth ugh the writers enti n this po int did n o t have as an a id the m o num ental evide nce which we o e m o o a m t an d a p ss ss , their testi ny pr ves th t y hs tr di tio ns survived in their tim e which reca lled Creta n in flu e e o n o a o a an d a rt . nce in r ligi n less th n in instituti ns , l ws , Dio d o ro s Sic ulus reco rds the bo a st o f the Cretan s tha t m o st o f t he go ds wo rshipped am o ng m e n went fro m Crete t o o ther a s a a m o d r m l nd , citing in p rticul r, Zeus , De eter, Aphr ite , A te is 1 a n d Apo llo he no tes also the claim that the m ysteries had the ir o rigin am o ng them an d were co m m unicated t o Gre ece ’ o u thr gh their a gency . The Cretans undo ubtedly o versta ted the c a se e e t he e od ar e o r I o , even wh r Gr ek g s c nce ned . t is , h wever, unde nia ble tha t a certa in elem ent o f truth lurks behind m a ny o f e se a o th tr diti ns . 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