Delta State Employment and Expenditure for Results (Delta-SEEFOR) Federal Republic of Nigeria E4839 V5 Public Disclosure Authorized STATE EMPLOYMENT AND EXPENDITURE FOR RESULTS (SEEFOR) Final Report of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Road Rehabilitation Project in Eku, Ethiope East LGA, Delta State Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized State Project Coordination Unit (SPCU) Delta State May 30, 2015 i | P a g e E K U E S M P Delta State Employment and Expenditure for Results (Delta-SEEFOR) TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page i Table of Contents ii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Acronyms viii Units of Measure ix Executive Summary x CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 1.1 Project / Activities Description 1 1.2 Rationale for the Project 2 1.3 Rationale for the ESMP 3 1.4 Scope of Work 5 CHAPTER TWO 7 2.0 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 7 2.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered by SEEFOR Projects 7 2.1.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) OP 4.01 7 2.1.2 Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) 8 2.1.3 Pest Management (OP 4.09) 8 2.1.4 Forest (OP 4.36) 8 2.1.5 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) 9 2.1.6 Forest (OP 4.36) 10 2.1.7 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 11 2.2 Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Frameworks 12 2.2.1 The Federal Ministry of Environment 13 2.2.2 The National Policy on the Environment (NPE) of 1989 13 2.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv) 14 2.2.4 The National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria 14 2.2.5 The National Effluents Limitations Regulation 14 2.2.6 The NEP (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste) Regulations 14 2.2.7 The Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Regulations 14 2.2.8 National Guidelines on Environmental Management Systems (1999) 15 2.2.9 National Guidelines for Environmental Audit 15 2.2.10 National Policy on Flood and Erosion Control 2006 (FMEnv) 15 2.2.11 National Air Quality Standard Decree No. 59 of 1991 15 2.2.12 The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act 2007 (NESREA Act) 16 2.3 Other Relevant Acts and Legislations at Federal Level 16 2.3.1 Land Use Act of 1978 16 2.3.2 Forestry Act 16 2.3.3 Criminal Code 16 2.3.4 Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) 17 2.4 State Legislations 17 2.4.1 Delta State Ministry of Environment 18 ii | P a g e E K U E S M P Delta State Employment and Expenditure for Results (Delta-SEEFOR) 2.4.2 Ministry of Lands, Urban and Regional Planning 20 2.4.3 Ministry of Works 21 2.4.4 Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources 21 2.4.5 Ministry of Water Resources Development 21 2.4.6 Ministry of Women Affairs Community and Social Development 22 2.4.7 Delta State Directorate of Youth Development 23 2.5 SEEFROR - Adequacy of Legal Instruments for Environmental & Social Issues 23 CHAPTER THREE: GENERAL METHODOLOGY 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 ESMP Requirements 25 3.2.1 Screening 26 3.2.2 Scoping 26 3.3 ESMP Process 27 3.4 Baseline Study Methodology 27 3.5 Existing Conditions 28 3.6 Mapping of the Project Area 28 3.7 Socio-economic Survey 28 3.7.1 Data Collection and Sampling Methodology 29 3.8 Impact Significance Assessment 31 3.8.1 Method for Determining Event Magnitude 31 3.8.2 Method for Determining Receptor Sensitivity 31 3.9 Trans-boundary and Cumulative Impacts 32 3.10 Mitigation and Monitoring 33 CHAPTER FOUR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS 34 4.0 Introduction 34 4.1 Description of Project Site 34 4.2 Description of the Selected Road Networks 35 4.3 Physical Environment 35 4.3.1 Relief and Drainage 38 4.3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology 38 4.3.3 Climate and Meteorology 39 4.3.4 Rainfall 39 4.3.5 Temperature and Relative Humidity 40 4.3.6 Sunshine Hours 41 4.3.7 Wind Patterns 42 4.3.8 Air Quality and Noise 42 4.3.9 Groundwater Quality 43 4.3.10 Surface Water Quality 45 4.3.11 Soil Quality 47 4.3.12 Terrestrial Flora (Vegetation) 50 4.3.13 Fauna (Wildlife) 52 CHAPTER FIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION 54 5.0 Introduction 54 5.1 Methodology 55 iii | P a g e E K U E S M P Delta State Employment and Expenditure for Results (Delta-SEEFOR) 5.2 Population Characteristics of the Proposed Project Area 56 5.3 The Socio-demographic Characteristics 56 5.3.1 Sex Profile 56 5.3.2 Age Profile 57 5.3.3 Ethnic Groups 58 5.3.4 Marital Status 58 5.3.5 Residential Status of Respondents 59 5.3.6 Duration of Residency 60 5.3.7 Educational Status of Respondents 61 5.3.8 Employment Status of Respondents 62 5.3.9 Income Level of the Respondents 63 5.4 Assessment of Social Infrastructure and Standard of Living 64 5.4.1 Housing Characteristics in the Project Area 64 5.5 Assessment of Health Status of Sampled Households 66 5.5.1 Assessment of Ailment/Sickness Dominant in the Project Area 66 5.6 Sources of Domestic water 68 5.7 Assessment of Waste Management Methods 68 5.8 Communities’ Environmental Concerns (CECs) 69 5.9 Impact Evaluation of the Road Rehabilitation Intervention Activities 70 CHAPTER SIX ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 6.0 Introduction 72 6.1 Potential Impacts 72 6.1.1 Positive impacts 72 6.1.2 Negative Impacts 74 6.1.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase 74 6.1.2.2 Construction Phase 75 6.1.2.3 Operations and Maintenance Phase 78 6.1.3 Social Impacts 80 6.2 Analysis of Alternatives 82 6.2.1 No-Action alternative 83 6.2.2 The Use of Civil Works 83 CHAPTER SEVEN 86 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 86 7.0 Introduction 86 7.1 Mitigation Measures 86 7.1.1 Pre-construction Phase 86 7.1.2 Construction Phase 92 7.1.2.1 Biological impact 110 7.1.2.2 Socio-economic Impact 116 7.1.2.3 Public Health 128 7.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase 138 7.2 Institutional Responsibilities and Accountabilities 150 7.2.1 Pre-construction Phase 150 7.2.1.1 Key Agencies 150 7.2.1.2 Role of the Involved Agencies 151 7.2.1.3 Reporting and Follow-Up 151 7.2.2 Construction Phase 152 iv | P a g e E K U E S M P Delta State Employment and Expenditure for Results (Delta-SEEFOR) 7.2.2.1 Key Agencies 152 7.2.2.2 Role of Involved Agencies 152 7.2.2.3 Reporting and Follow-Up 153 7.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase 154 7.2.3.1 Key Agencies 154 7.2.3.2 Role of Involved Agencies 154 7.2.3.3.1 Institutional and implementation arrangements for implementing the ESMP at the local level 156 7.3 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures 156 7.3.1 Flora and Fauna Management Plan 158 7.3.2 Waste Management Plan 158 7.3.3 Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan 160 7.3.4 Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan 163 7.3.5 Water Management Plan 163 7.3.6 Air Quality Management Plan 164 7.3.7 Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan 164 7.3.8 Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan 165 7.3.9 Cultural Heritage Management Plan 167 7.3.10 Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan 168 7.3.11 Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan 169 7.3.12 Community Health & Safety Plan 170 7.3.13 Stakeholder Engagement Plan 171 7.3.14 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) 173 7.3.15 Training Programmes 174 7.4 Monitoring and Evaluation 175 7.5 Implementation Schedule 177 7.6 ESMP Costing and Cost Analysis 178 CHAPTER EIGHT 180 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 180 Appendix I 181 Appendix II 189 Appendix III 192 v | P a g e E K U E S M P Delta State Employment and Expenditure for Results (Delta-SEEFOR) LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: SEEFOR and Likely Triggered Safeguard Policies 2 Table 2.1: World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered by Eku Road Rehabilitation Project Table 3.1: Details of the sampling methodology and the questionnaires administered 11 Table 4.1: Description of SEEFOR intervention projects in Eku town 37 Table 4.2: Geological units of the Niger Delta 38 Table 4.3: Climatic Characteristics of the Project Area 39 Table 4.4: Result of ambient air quality and noise measurements conducted at the study area 42 Table 4.5: Physico-chemical properties of groundwater samples in the study area 43 Table 4.6: Microbial properties of groundwater samples in the Study Area 44 Table 4.7: Physico-chemical properties of surface water samples from the study area 45 Table 4.8: Microbial properties of surface water samples in the Study Area 47 Table 4.9: Physico-chemical properties of soil samples from the study area 48 Table 4.10: Physico-chemical properties of soil samples from the study area 49 Table 4.11: Plant species recorded in the study area and their biodiversity status 51 Table 4.12: Fauna species in the study area 52 Table 5.1: Type of Building 65 Table 5.2: Ailment/Sickness Rampant Among the Sampled Households 67 Table 5.3: Sources of Domestic water 68 Table 5.4: Perceived Environmental and Socioeconomic Adverse Impact 70 Table 6.1: Appraisal of the ‘No Action’ Alternative and Use of Civil Works 85 Table 7.1: Mitigation Measures for Pre-construction phase 88 Table 7.2: Mitigation Measures for the Environmental Impacts in the Construction phase 93 Table 7.3: Mitigation Measures for the Biological Impacts in the Construction phase 111 Table 7.4: Mitigation Measures for the socioeconomic impacts in the Construction phase 117 Table 7.5: Mitigation Measures for the public health impacts in the Construction phase 129 Table 7.6: Mitigation Measures for Operation phase 140 Table 7.7: Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures 173 Table 7.8: Institutional Capacity Strengthening Plan 175 Table 7.9 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures 177 Table 7.10: ESMP Implementation Schedule 178 Table 7.11: Cost Analysis of the Eku town road rehabilitation/maintenance ESMP Implementation 179 vi | P a g e E K U E S M P Delta State Employment and Expenditure for Results (Delta-SEEFOR) LIST OF FIGURES Fig.