Lancaster District Heritage Strategy Draft - July 2018 Table of Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Significance of Lancaster’s Heritage .......................................................................................................... 5 Heritage Timeline........................................................................................................................................ 10 Heritage Assets ........................................................................................................................................... 20 6.1 Types of Designated Assets ........................................................................................................................ 21 6.2 Non-Designated Assets ............................................................................................................................... 23 6.3 Legislation and Policy .................................................................................................................................... 24 6.5 The role of the Conservation Team ......................................................................................................... 29 6.6 The role of the Historic England ............................................................................................................... 30 Heritage Themes ......................................................................................................................................... 31 7.1 Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 7.2 Commemorative ........................................................................................................................................... 36 7.3 Commercial .................................................................................................................................................... 43 7.4 Culture and Recreation ........................................................................................................................ 47 7.5 Ecclesiastical .................................................................................................................................................... 56 7.6 Education ......................................................................................................................................................... 62 7.7 Health and Welfare....................................................................................................................................... 68 7.8 Industrial .......................................................................................................................................................... 72 7.9 Law and Government ................................................................................................................................... 76 7.10 Maritime ........................................................................................................................................................ 81 7.11 Military and Defence .................................................................................................................................. 84 7.12 Residential ..................................................................................................................................................... 88 7.13 Transport and Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 93 Vulnerabilities ............................................................................................................................................... 99 8.1 Natural ............................................................................................................................................................. 99 8.3 Development ............................................................................................................................................... 103 8.4 Change .......................................................................................................................................................... 105 8.5 Policy ............................................................................................................................................................. 106 8.6 Crime ............................................................................................................................................................ 106 Opportunities ........................................................................................................................................... 110 9.1 Enhancing the quality of life ..................................................................................................................... 110 9.2 Economic development of the district .................................................................................................. 113 9.3 Improving knowledge and awareness .................................................................................................... 115 Taking the Strategy Forward ................................................................................................................. 118 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 123 2 Foreword Over the next few years, Lancaster district’s historic environment will face a number of challenges, as well as great opportunities. The Local Plan seeks to promote opportunities for housing and economic growth and deliver the infrastructure necessary to achieve sustainable development. Our heritage has a central role to play in delivering these aspirations, helping to raise the standard of living, promote the district as a visitor destination and as a place to do business. This Strategy shows the role the district has played in our national story. It is crucial that historic environment considerations are at the heart of regeneration, development and management decisions. We must celebrate the district’s unique identity and character, capitalise on its rich heritage and develop the district for the benefit of generations to come. Councillor Janice Hanson Portfolio Holder for Regeneration and Planning 3 Introduction Lancaster district has an extraordinarily rich and varied historic environment. The heritage assets within the area have all played a major role in helping to shape the district’s distinctive identity and character. They also provide a unique opportunity for place-making and guiding and stimulating regeneration. Due to the inherent richness of the historic environment, many of these qualities will likely continue to contribute to the district’s ‘sense of place’, whether this be consciously and planned or fortuitously. However, it is considered that a Heritage Strategy for the district is essential to ensure that heritage plays a clear role in shaping regeneration, development and management decisions. It is crucial that the historic environment is not overlooked, and this strategy sets out ways in which the value of the district’s heritage can be maximised and how it can directly shape the environmental, economic and social future of the district. The strategy looks at these opportunities, as well as the vulnerabilities faced by the historic environment. This has resulted in a list of recommendations which it is hoped will ensure that decisions affecting heritage are based on a clear understanding of the place, its significance and its values. The findings will inform the evolving evidence base for the Local Plan but also form the basis for prioritising the work of the council’s Conservation Team. This strategy does provide a snapshot in time, and it is intended that the document will be up-dated on a five-yearly basis. The Council set out a series of strategic policies, in its Strategic Policies and Land Allocations DPD (Feb 2018), to deliver the conservation and enhancement of the historic environment. The recommendations at the end of document are looked at in terms of how they help deliver these objectives: Conserving and enhancing the district’s heritage assets and their settings in a manner appropriate to their significance, so that they can continue to be enjoyed by this and future generations; Recognising the historic environment’s potential for investment and ensuring that it informs regeneration projects in order to secure better outcomes for sustainable growth; Respecting the character and local distinctiveness of places, buildings and landscapes through careful design and siting of development, and encouraging new development to make a positive contribution, in order to retain the district’s unique character and identity; and Realising the tourism and visitor potential and economic benefits of the district’s historic environment, and ensuring that engagement with and access to it are increased. The Strategy begins by looking at the development of the district chronologically, before looking at the legislation and policy contact and the role of