Checklist of the parasites FAO FISHERIES of fishes of the Philippines TECHNICAL PAPER 369 by J. Richard Arthur Department of Fisheries and Oceans Maurice Lamontagne Institute Mont-Joli, Quebec Canada and Susan Lumanlan-Mayo Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Quezon City The Philippines FISH HEALTH SECTION OF THE ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY Food and Agriculture of the United Nations Rome, 1997 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries M-42 ISBN 92-5-104036-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1997 PREPARATION OF THIS CHECKLIST The need for information on the occurrence of diseases and movement of pathogens of aquatic animals has long been recognized in the Asia-Pacific Region, and has been re-iterated in the reports of numerous workshops held by various donors and regional agencies (e.g., International Development Research Centre Canada (IDRC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Asian Fisheries Society, Fish Health Section (FHS/AFS), Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research (ACIAR), and Asian Development Bank (ADB)) dating back to at least 1978. FAO has been highly active in this area, through its Code of Conduct for the Responsible Movement of Aquatic Organisms, and is currently collaborating with ACIAR and NACA in implementing a comprehensive regional strategy for the Development of Health Certification and Quarantine Guidelines for the Responsible Movement of Live Aquatic Animals in Asia. One of the goals identified within the FAO/NACA/ACIAR strategy is the development of a comprehensive information database on aquatic animal health, with the FAO charged to take the initiative in developing and establishing a prototype computerized information system. This prototype information system, the "Aquatic Animal Pathogen and Quarantine Information System (AAPQIS)," has been developed for Asia with the help of the FHS/AFS where a comprehensive information database is readily available through their fish health bibliography publication series. The information from the Philippines published in this checklist has also been included in the AAPQIS database. Distribution: Authors FAO Fisheries Officers Regional Fisheries Councils and Commissions FAO Fish Health Projects Asia Regional Fish Health Institutions Fish Health Section of the Asian Fisheries Society Arthur, J.R.; Lumanlan-Mayo, S. Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAOFisheries TechnicalPaper. No. 369. Rome, FAO. 1997. 102p. ABSTRACT This checklist summarizes information on the parasites of Philippine fishes contained in the world literature dating from the earliest known record (de Blainville 1822) to the end of 1996. Information is presented in the form of parasite-host and host-parasite lists. Included are 201 named species of parasites, distributed among the higher taxa as follows: Apicomplexa - 1, Ciliophora - 16, Mastigophora - 2, Microspora - 1, Myxozoa - 9, Trematoda - 90, Monogenea -22, Cestoda - 6, Nematoda - 20, Acanthocephala - 5, Mollusca - 1, Branchiura - 2, Copepoda - 21 and Isopoda - 5. Also included are many records of parasites not identified to species level. Parasites have been reported from 172 of the more than 2030 species of marine and freshwater fish occurring in Philippine waters, and from another 17 species of freshwater aquarium fish examined in the Philippines but not found in natural waters. The Parasite-Host List is organized on a taxonomic basis and provides information for each parasite species on the environment (fresh water, brackish water, marine), the location (site of infection) in or on its host(s), the species of host(s) infected, the known geographic distribution (by island) in the Philippines, and the published sources for each host and locality record. The Host-Parasite List is organized according to the taxonomy of the hosts, and includes for each host, the English language and local (typically Tagalog) common names, environment (fresh water, brackish water, marine), status in the Philippines (native or exotic), and information on the known Philippine distribution of the parasites. Both lists are accompanied by remarks and footnotes, as warranted, giving specific information on points of systematics, nomenclature, possible misidentifications, introductions, pathogenicity, etc. Citations are included for all references and a supplementary list of references contains other literature on Philippine fish parasites. Parasite and host indices are included. The following new taxonomic combinations are made: Prosorhynchoides philippinorum (Velasquez, 1959) n. comb., for Bucephaloides philippinorum Velasquez, 1959; Prosorhynchoides sibi (Yamaguti, 1940) n. comb., for Bucephaloides sibi (Yamaguti, 1940); Genolinea awa (Yamaguti, 1965) n. comb., for Pseudobunocotyla awa Yamaguti, 1965; and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) philippinensis (Velasquez, 1980) n. comb., for Spirocamallanus philippinensis Velasquez, 1980. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PARASITE-HOST LIST HOST-PARASITE LIST REFERENCES SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES PARASITE INDEX HOST INDEX INTRODUCTION The study of fish parasites in the Fishes by C.C. Velasquez (1975a), and Philippines has a long history, dating the book Parasites and Diseases of Fish back at least to the work of de Blainville Cultured in the Tropics by Z. Kabata (1822), who reported on parasitic (1985). The former is the only taxonomic copepods of marine fishes collected at monograph dealing with the fish parasites Manila (see Arthur 1996). However, of Southeast Asia, while the latter sustained efforts to study these provides an excellent overview of the organisms are more recent, dating from diseases and parasites of fishes cultured the work of M.A. Tubangui and in the region up to the early 1980s. The colleagues at the Bureau of Science in fish health literature for Southeast Asia, Manila from the late 1920s through the including the Philippines, was abstracted 1940s, and by C.C. Velasquez and her up to 1990 by members of the Fish Health students at the University of the Section (Arthur 1992). Philippines, Diliman, from the early 1950s In compiling this checklist, we to the 1980s, and continued since 1985 have attempted to list only original reports by the staff of the Bureau of Fisheries and appearing in the literature for each Aquatic Resources (BFAR) in Quezon species. A special problem was posed by City. the many papers of C.C. Velasquez The need for a checklist of the which include summaries of the helminths parasites of Philippine fishes (and for the of Philippine fishes. Four of these papers entire Southeast Asian Region) was (Velasquez 1966, 1974, 1977a, 1986a) recognized during work conducted by the include tables which are indicated to authors at the BFAR. In particular, the present new host and/or locality records. need for readily accessible information on However, all four tables contain identical fish parasites, and their host and information; and we have thus catalogued geographic distributions, as well as on only records contained in the first pathogens of other aquatic organisms, published (Table 1 of Velasquez 1966). was repeatedly emphasized during the Many of the publications of Velasquez various workshops on fish health and also contain, more generalized tables quarantine sponsored by the International listing the Digenea reported from Development Research Centre (Canada) Philippine fishes (Velasquez 1974, during the 1980s, and subsequently, at 1977a, 1986a), fish helminths of the various Symposia on Diseases in significance to human health (Velasquez Asian Aquaculture, organized by the Fish 1966, 1974, 1976a, 1977a, 1980b, Health Section of the Asian Fisheries 1986a) and of importance to aquaculture Society. (Velasquez 1986a). Velasquez (1966) is based on original information and This is the first complete listing of includes collection localities, while tables the parasites reported from the fishes of contained in subsequent papers the Philippines, or for that matter, of any apparently draw on information contained of the Southeast Asian countries. Several in Velasquez (1966), the checklist of important previous works should be Tubangui (1947), and more recent data, mentioned. These include the summaries both published and unpublished, of the helminths of Philippine animals by generally without providing specific Tubangui (1933b, 1947) and the listings localities and/or citation of the sources of fish helminths or digeneans given by used. For tables and appendices Velasquez (1974, 1977a, 1986a). Also to contained in her review papers published be mentioned are the monograph after 1966, we have catalogued only Digenetic Trematodes of Philippine those records involving new host listings. life cycles