DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETABLE CROP COLONIES DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE, GOVT. OF TELANGANA Greater Hyderabad Karimnagar Khammam Warangal Nizamabad 1 NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF AN AVERAGE ADULT ( As per ICMR) Cereals Cereals - 400 gms (37%) Carbohydrates, Proteins Vegetables Vitamins, Minerals, Anti-oxidants, Vegetables (incl. Onion)- 325 gms (28%) Fiber etc. Fruits Vitamins, Minerals, Anti-oxidants, Fruits - 150 gms (14%) Fiber etc. Pulses Pulses - 60 gms (5.5%) Proteins Oil Seeds - 60 gms (5.5%) Oil Seeds Fats Mutton- 30 gms (3%) & Fish-30 gms (3%) Mutton Fish Proteins Omega 3 Fatty Acids Spices – 25 gms (2%) Spices Flavors, Aroma, Colouring & Eggs– 260 Nos Medicinal Properties Eggs: Proteins 2 IMPORTANCE OF VEGTEABLES • Vegetables play vital role in human diet. • They are the rich source of many vitamins, minerals and proteins. 3 3 World vegetable scenario • India is the 2nd largest producer of vegetables next to china . • Vegetable productivity of India (17.6 MT/ha.) is far below the world’s highest productivity of 39.3 MT/ha. in Spain. Country Area Production Productivity (In ‘000 Ha.) (In ‘000 MT) (In MT/ Ha.) China 24561 573935 23.4 India 9205 162187 17.6 USA 1105 35948 32.5 Turkey 1112 27819 25.0 Iran 877 23486 26.8 Egypt 772 19825 25.7 Russian Fed. 791 16084 20.3 Mexico 683 13599 19.9 Spain 319 12531 39.3 Italy 450 12298 27.3 Others 19096 261468 13.7 World+ 58971 1159179 19.7 (Source: Statistical year book of India 2017, www.mospi.Gov.in). 4 Indian Vegetable Scenario (Source: HAPIS) Area Production '000 MT Productivity S. No. State in '000 Ha Position in '000 Ha Position MT/Ha Position 1 Uttar Pradesh 1457.23 1st 28316.45 1st 19.43 2 West Bengal 972.76 2nd 14912.78 4th 15.33 3 Madhya Pradesh 889.74 3rd 17545.48 2nd 19.72 4 Bihar 824.59 4th 15821.79 3rd 19.19 5 Maharashtra 727.07 5th 12314.81 5th 16.94 6 Gujarat 613.13 6th 12254.29 6th 19.99 6th 7 Chhattisgarh 499.37 7th 7003.25 9th 14.02 8 Karnataka 483.20 8th 8394.15 7th 17.37 9 Haryana 446.99 9th 7140.70 8th 15.97 10 Jharkhand 289.21 10th 3475.20 13th 12.02 11 Andhra Pradesh 244.63 11th 6981.11 10th 28.54 1st 12 Punjab 244.35 12th 4919.71 12th 20.13 5th 13 Tamil Nadu 240.96 13th 6396.35 11th 26.55 2nd 14 Rajasthan 163.22 14th 1673.99 10.26 15 Telangana 139.25 15th 2753.82 14th 19.78 7th 16 Uttarakhand 100.06 989.41 9.89 17 Himachal Pradesh 89.32 1811.78 20.28 4th 18 Kerala 88.18 2154.89 24.44 3rd 19 Meghalaya 49.11 520.47 10.60 20 Tripura 45.94 795.68 17.32 21 Manipur 45.30 342.11 7.55 22 Mizoram 36.25 171.01 4.72 23 Delhi 24.17 355.02 14.69 24 Goa 7.59 89.48 11.79 25 Arunachal Pradesh 2.58 16.58 6.42 26 Dadra and Nagar haveli 0.17 2.71 16.41 Total 8724.36 157153.01 18.01 • Within the country, Telangana stands in 15th position in area, 14th position in production and 7th position in productivity. 5 VEGETABLE WEALTH IN TELANGANA STATE (Crop wise, season wise) ✓ Area : 3.11 Lakh Acres. ✓ Production : 23.46 LMTs. Crop wise, season wise vegetable areas District wise, season wise vegetable areas ➢ About 20+ vegetables are being consumed in Telangana state. Out of which, top 10 vegetables being consumed are Tomato, Onion, Greenchilli, Bhendi, Potato, Leafy vegetables, Ridge Gourd, Brinjal, Bitter Gourd & Beans. ➢ Telangana State is Surplus in production of vegetables like Tomato, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Cucumber, Carrot & Radish. Surplus production is to be converted in to value added products like pickles, sauce, ketchup etc. ➢ Similarly, Telangana State is Deficit in production of Vegetables like Bhendi, Greenchilli, Gourds, Beans, Capsicum, Potato, Colacasia, Yam, Leafy vegetables & Onion. 6 Challenges in Vegetable Sector – Telangana State • Un-favourable conditions particularly during summer season i.e., high temperature and depletion of ground water. • Low productivity due to non adoption of advanced technologies viz., Micro irrigation, Fertigation, Mulching, Shadenet, INM, IPM etc. • High cost Intensive due more labour demand for various operations i.e., weeding, harvesting, sorting & grading etc. • High post harvest losses due to more perishable nature. • Lack of regulated markets & inadequate market linkages • Frequent price fluctuations. • Lack vegetable farmers federations. 9 Consumption Pattern of vegetables in Telangana State ➢ More than 20 vegetables are being consumed in Telangana state. ➢ As per PJTSAU survey, the per capita consumption of vegetables (including onion) is 250 gms per day, as against ICMR recommendation of 325 gms per day. ➢ Thus Telangana state population is consuming 75 gms less vegetables when compared to recommended diet. Recommendation Actual consumption Sl. (per day per person) (per day per person) Deficit Component No as per ICMR as per PJTSAU (in gm) in gm % in gm % 1 Tuber crops 50 27 54% (-) 23 46% 2 Leafy vegetables 50 24 48% (-) 26 52% Other vegetables 88.45% 3 225 199 (-) 26 11.55% (including Onion) Total 325 250 76.92% (-) 75 23.08% 10 Requirement of vegetables for Telangana state (3.52 Crore Population) As per ICMR Actual consumtion Sl. No Details recommendation as per PJTSAU Consumption of Vegetables per day per 1 325 250 (incl. Onion) person in Gms Requirement of Vegetables 2 Lakh MTs 41.75 22.32 (incl. Onion) Present Production of 3 Vegetables (incl. Onion) Lakh MTs 23.46 23.46 from 3.11 Lakh acres 4 GAP/Surplus Lakh MTs -18.29 1.14 Deficit Surplus Considering the ICMR recommendation, deficit of vegetables in Telangana state is 18.29 Lakh MTs. As per the present consumption pattern of PJTSAU, overall the telangana state is surplus in production of vegetables by 1.14 Lakh MTs. If we examine closely, the Telangana State is surplus in production of certain vegetables like 1.Tomato, 2.Brinjal, 3.Cabbage, 4.Cauliflower, 5.Cucumber, 6.Carrot & 7.Raddish and deficit in production of Vegetables like 1.Bhendi, 2.Greenchilli, 3.Gourds, 4.Beans, 5.Capsicum, 6.Potato, 7.Colacasia, 8.Yam, 9.Leafy vegetables & 10.Onion. 11 • Telangana State is Surplus in production of following Vegetables Average Required Monthly per quantity for Present Area Present Surplus Name of the Capita the net under annual S. No. (in MT) Vegetable Consumption as population Cultivation Production (Col. 6-4) per PJTSAU per Annum (in Acres) ( in MT) (in KG) (in MT ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Tomato 1.10 4,54,371 90,714 9,52,777 4,98,406 2 Brinjal 0.35 1,11,205 26,103 2,15,677 1,04,472 3 Carrot 0.17 27,187 2,785 61,446 34,260 4 Cabbage 0.20 32,939 2,337 49,048 16,109 5 Cucumber 0.18 28,900 2,979 44,205 15,306 6 Cauliflower 0.17 25,923 1,575 31,797 5,874 7 Raddish 0.02 366 50 544 178 Total 6,74,605 •Surplus production is also season based. In some seasons they are surplus and in some seasons they are deficit. *Instead of encouraging additional area, encouraging staggered sowing/planting shall address the market issues in these crops 12 • Telangana State is Deficit in production of following Vegetables Required Additional Average Monthly quantity for Present Area area perCapita Present Name of the the net under Deficit required to S. No. Consumption Production Vegetable population per Cultivation (in MT) meet the asper PJTSAU ( in MT) Annum (in (in Acres) GAP in (in KG) MT ) acres 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Onion 1.06 4,39,953 37,410 2,78,540 -1,61,413 23,059 2 Potato 0.52 1,79,101 6,606 47,071 -1,32,030 16,504 3 Leafy Vegetables 0.71 1,61,828 21,208 89,577 -72,252 18,063 4 Bitter Gourd 0.31 96,872 11,114 67,050 -29,822 4,970 5 Ridge Gourd 0.37 1,22,733 14,387 94,371 -28,362 4,727 6 Green Chill 0.45 1,79,607 27,085 1,51,816 -27,791 4,632 7 Bhendi 0.48 1,79,233 29,005 1,59,444 -19,789 3,298 8 Bottle Gourd 0.25 60,414 5,913 41,254 -19,160 3,193 9 Beans 0.32 50,877 14,718 42,436 -8,441 2,814 10 Capsicum 0.09 8,276 150 2,873 -5,403 1,351 11 Colacasia 0.08 6,965 190 1,712 -5,253 1,313 12 Yam 0.02 534 9 225 -309 77 13 Other Vegetables 0.65 64,824 17,385 14,833 -49,991 6,249 Total -5,60,015 90,250 **Additional area need to be brought in to cultivation, to address the market issues in these crops 13 Why - Vegetable Crop Colonies • Un-controlled & un-organized sowings of vegetables leading to either glut or lean in supplies of vegetables thereby posing problems to the farmers as well as consumers. • Generally, for tomato there is market Glut from Sept to April and shortage from May to Aug. • Similarly for Onion; March to June is glut period and July/Aug to Oct/Nov is lean period. • During the glut period, the farmers are not even getting their production cost and undergoing distress sales and sometimes farmers do not harvest their crop.