Leg 188 Preliminary Report Prydz Bay–Cooperation Sea, Antarctica: Glacial History and Paleoceanography Shipboard Scientific Party Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University 1000 Discovery Drive College Station TX 77845-9547 USA April 2000 This report was prepared from shipboard files by scientists who participated in the cruise. The report was assembled under time constraints and does not contain all works and findings that will appear in the Initial Reports of the ODP Proceedings. Reference to the whole or to part of this report should be made as follows: Shipboard Scientific Party, 2000. Leg 188 Preliminary Report: Prydz Bay–Cooperation Sea, Antarctica: glacial history and paleoceanography. ODP Prelim. Rpt., 88 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/prelim/188_prel/188prel.pdf>. [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] Distribution Electronic copies of this series may be obtained from the Ocean Drilling Program’s World Wide Web site at http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications. DISCLAIMER This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed by Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Funding for the program is provided by the following agencies: Australia/Canada/Chinese Taipei/Korea Consortium for Ocean Drilling Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany) Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Ocean Research Institute of the University of Tokyo (Japan) National Science Foundation (United States) Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) European Science Foundation Consortium for the Ocean Drilling Program (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) Marine High-Technology Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission of the People’s Republic of China Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the participating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M University, or Texas A&M Research Foundation. Leg 188 Preliminary Report 3 The following scientists were aboard JOIDES Resolution for Leg 188 of the Ocean Drilling Program: Alan K. Cooper Steven M. Bohaty Co-Chief Scientist Paleontologist (diatoms) Department of Geological and Environmental Department of Geosciences Sciences University of Nebraska Building 320, Room 118 214 Bessey Hall Stanford University Lincoln NE 68588-0340 Stanford CA 94305 USA USA Phone: (402) 472-2648 Phone: (650) 723-0817 Fax: (402) 472-4197 Fax: (650) 725-2199 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Home Phone/Fax: (650) 321-3644 George E. Claypool Organic Geochemist Philip E. O’Brien 8910 W. 2nd Avenue Co-Chief Scientist Lakewood CO 80226 Petroleum and Marine Division USA Australian Geological Survey Organisation Phone: 303-237-8273 GPO Box 378 Fax: 303-237-8273 Canberra, ACT 2601 E-mail: [email protected] Australia Phone: 61-2-6249-9409 John E. Damuth Fax: 61-2-6249-9920 Sedimentologist E-mail: [email protected] Department of Geology University of Texas at Arlington Carl Richter PO Box 19049 Staff Scientist 500 Yates Street, Room 107 Ocean Drilling Program Arlington TX 76019-0049 Texas A&M University USA 1000 Discovery Drive Phone: (817) 273-2976 College Station TX 77845 Fax: (817) 273-2628 USA E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 409-845-2522 Fax: 409-845-0876 Patrick S. Erwin E-mail: [email protected] Paleomagnetist Earth Sciences Samantha R. Barr Oxford University LDEO Logging Trainee Parks Road Leicester University Borehole Research Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PR Department of Geology United Kingdom University of Leicester Phone: (44) 1865-272-047 University Road Fax: (44) 1865-272-72 Leicester, LE1 7RH E-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom Phone: (44) 116-252-3608 Fax: (44) 116-252-3918 E-mail: [email protected] 4 Leg 188 Preliminary Report Fabio Florindo Nicole N. Januszczak Paleomagnetist Sedimentologist Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Department of Geology Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica University of Toronto at Scarborough Via di Vigna Murata 605 1265 Military Trail Rome, 00143 Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4 Italy Canada Phone: (39) 06-51-860-383/238 Phone: (416) 287-7238 Fax: (39) 06-5041-181 Fax: (416) 287-7279 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Carl Fredrik Forsberg Alexander Kaiko Physical Properties Specialist Sedimentologist Norwegian Polar Institute Department of Applied Geology Polarmiljøsenteret Curtin University of Technology N-9296 Tromsø GPO Box U1987 Norway Perth, WA 6845 Phone: 47 77 75 06 53 or 47 77 75 05 00 Australia Fax: 47 777 50 501 Phone: 61-8-9266-4459 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 61-8-9266-3153 E-mail: [email protected] Jens Grützner GEOMAR Research Center for Marine Kelly A. Kryc Geosciences Inorganic Geochemist Christan-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Earth Sciences Wischhofstrasse 1-3, Gebaude 8/C Boston University Kiel, 24148 685 Commonwealth Avenue Germany Boston MA 02215 Phone: 49-431-600-2321 USA Fax: 49-431-600-2926 Phone: (617) 353-4085 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (617) 353-3290 E-mail: [email protected] David A. Handwerger JOIDES Logger Mark Lavelle Department of Geology and Geophysics Inorganic Geochemist University of Utah Geological Sciences 1460 East 135 South British Antarctic Survey Room 719 High Cross, Madingley Road Salt Lake City UT 84105 Cambridge, CB3 OET USA United Kingdom Phone: 801-585-5328 Phone: 44-1223-221-421 Fax: 801-581-7065 Fax: 44-1223-362-616 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Leg 188 Preliminary Report 5 Sandra Passchier Kari O. Strand Sedimentologist Sedimentologist Geological Sciences Thule Institute Ohio State University University of Oulu 130 Orton Hall Linnanmaa 155 S. Oval Mall PO Box 7300 Columbus OH 43210 FIN-90014 USA Phone: 358-8-553-3556 Phone: (614) 292-2605 Fax: 358-8-553-3564 Fax: (614) 292-1496 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Brian Taylor James J. Pospichal Physical Properties Specialist Paleontologist (nannofossils) Jacques Whitford and Associates Department of Geology 3 Spectacle Lake Drive Florida State University Dartmouth, NS B3B 1W8 Tallahassee FL 32306 Canada USA Phone: (902) 468-0432 Phone: (850) 644-5860 Fax: (902) 468-9009 Fax: (850) 644-4214 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Kevin M. Theissen Patrick G. Quilty Sedimentologist Paleontologist (foraminifers) Geological and Environmental Sciences School of Earth Sciences Stanford University University of Tasmania Building 320, Room 118 Sandy Bay Campus Stanford CA 94305-2215 GPO Box 252-79 USA Hobart, TAS 7050 Phone: (650) 281-7998 Australia Fax: (650) 725-0979 Phone: (61)3-6226-2814 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (61)3-6223-2547 E-mail: [email protected] Detlef A. Warnke Sedimentologist Michele A. Rebesco Department of Geological Sciences Sedimentologist California State University, Hayward Geofisica della Litosfera 25800 Carlos Bee Boulevard Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Hayward CA 94542-3088 Geofisica Sperimentale USA Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/C Phone: (510) 885-4716 Sgonico, Trieste 34010 Fax: (510) 885-2526 Italy E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 39-040-2140252 Fax: 39-040-327307 E-mail: [email protected] 6 Leg 188 Preliminary Report Patricia A. Whalen Paleontologist (radiolarians) Wolf Ridge 968-CR-206 Eureka Springs AR 72632 USA Phone: (501) 253-5011 Fax: (501) 253-2031 E-mail: [email protected] Jason M. Whitehead Paleontologist (diatoms) Department of Geosciences University of Nebraska 214 Bessy Hall Lincoln NE 68588-0340 USA Phone: (402) 472-2648 Fax: (402) 472-4917 E-mail: [email protected] Trevor Williams LDEO Logging Scientist Borehole Research Group Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Route 9W Palisades NY 10964 USA Phone: (914) 365-8626 Fax: (914) 365-3182 E-mail: [email protected] Leg 188 Preliminary Report 7 SCIENTIFIC REPORT ABSTRACT Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 188 was drilled based on one of five linked proposals to decipher Cenozoic glacial history and paleoenvironments of Antarctica by drilling transects across the continental margin in five different regions. ODP Leg 178 (Antarctic Peninsula) was the first such proposal to be drilled. Three sites were drilled on Leg 188, with one each on the Prydz Bay continental shelf, slope, and rise. These sites provide records of the transition from East Antarctic preglacial to glacial conditions on the shelf (Site 1166); the variability of onshore erosion areas and glaciomarine depositional settings, during latest Neogene glacial–interglacial periods, on the slope (Site 1167); and the long-term, lower to upper Miocene transition from temperate to cold-climate glaciation, with superimposed short-term glacier fluctuations since early Miocene time (Site 1165). These sites document the paleoenvironments for select periods during Cenozoic and older times as Antarctica transformed from a temperate to polar setting. INTRODUCTION The Antarctic Ice Sheet and the ocean surrounding it are key components in the global climate regime from the early Cenozoic to the present. The steep climatic gradient generates the vigorous atmospheric and oceanic circulation of the Southern Hemisphere, and sea ice formation ventilates and provides nutrients to much of the world’s oceans. Deep water mass formation around Antarctica is also a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. The ice sheet is also the most likely governor of rapid eustatic sea-level change (Barrett, 1999). As part of the effort to understand the mechanics of Antarctic climate and its likely response to change, the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (SCAR) Working Groups on Geology and Solid Earth Geophysics have supported the Antarctic Offshore Stratigraphy Project (ANTOSTRAT), which has developed a series of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) proposals for drilling on the Antarctic margin.