Facilitation Services for Consultation on Motorcycles Operations in Ghana Final Report Afukaar, Francis and Damsere-Derry, James Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) GHA2172A July 2019 The views in this document are those of the authors and they do not necessarily reflect the views of the Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) or Cardno Emerging Markets (UK) Ltd for whom the document was prepared Cover photo: By James Damsere-Derry, Ghana Quality assurance and review table Version Author(s) Reviewer(s) Date 1 Afukaar, F and Damsere-Derry, J Paulina Agyekum, Annabel Bradbury 26 June, 2019 ReCAP Database Details: Facilitation Services for Consultation on Motorcycles Operations in Ghana EMUK10636A Ghana Reference No Location ReCAP Website Competitive tendering Procurement Source of Proposal: Method Research for Facilitation Services for Consultation Community Access on Motorcycle Operations in Ghana Theme Sub-Theme Partnership (ReCAP) Lead Implementation CSIR-Building & Road Partner Organisation Research Institute Organisation GBP 44,800.00 GBP 39,888.16 Total Approved Budget Total Used Budget 4th March 2019 31st July 2019 Start Date End Date 30th June 2019 27th June 2019 Report Due Date Date Received ReCAP | Facilitation Services for Consultation on Motorcycles Operation in Ghana 1 Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Background .............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Objectives.......................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Funding of the Consultation Workshops .......................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Deliverables....................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Timeline............................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Definitions and Characteristics of PTWs in Ghana ........................................................................................... 8 2. Method and Approach ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.1. Visits to Selected Hospitals ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Stakeholder Workshop Participation .............................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Sequence of Activities at a Typical Workshop ................................................................................................ 16 3. Outcomes of stakeholders’ discussions .................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Reasons Why Commercial Usage of PTWs Should Be Legalised .................................................................... 18 3.2 Reasons why Commercial Use of PTWs should not be legalised ................................................................... 21 3.3 Procedures to Regulate and Improve Commercial Motorcycle Operations .................................................. 23 4. Discussion and Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 30 5. References ............................................................................................................................................. 33 Annex 1 Selected Photographs of Stakeholder meetings ............................................................................................ 35 Tables and Figures Table 1: Distribution of participants for the stakeholder consultation on the use of motor and tricycle for commercial purposes .............................................................................................................................................15 Table 2: Summarized opinions of participants on the legalization of motorcycles and tricycles for commercial use ................................................................................................................................................................................25 Figure 1: A Motorcycle taxi carrying a woman with luggage on the Avenorpeme-Abor road in the Volta region . 9 Figure 2: A Motorcycle Taxi carrying two persons with some luggage near Abor, in the Volta region ...............10 Figure 3: A motor king being used for public transport in Wechiau (Upper West region). .................................11 Figure 4: New yellow-yellow tricycles on sale in Tamale, Ghana ..........................................................................12 Figure 5: A cross-section of participants in a group photograph at Cape Coast ...................................................15 Figure 6: A group of Okada riders seated in the front row among participants listening attentively to a resource person in Cape Coast..............................................................................................................................................17 Figure A1: Ing David Adonteng making a maiden presentation on the rationale for the workshop in Accra ......35 Figure A2: A resource person-Daniel Essel, outlying group activities to participants in Koforidua .................... 35 Figure A3: A group awaiting commencement of group discussions in Ho, Volta Region......................................36 Figure A4: A group member presenting a group’s position in Cape Coast ............................................................36 Figure A5: A group discussion being facilitated by Ing. Afukaar in Cape Coast ....................................................37 Figure A6: A group discussion being led by Superintendent Alexander Obeng and Ing. Adonteng .....................37 ReCAP | Facilitation Services for Consultation on Motorcycles Operation in Ghana 2 Abstract Motorcycle and tricycle taxis have, in recent years, become an important public transport service option in Ghana. Nonetheless, the road traffic regulations (LI 2180) in the country forbid the use of Powered Two- or Three-Wheelers (PTWs) to offer fare-paying passenger services. The Ministry of Transport (MoT) is reviewing the transport regulations including the Legislative Instrument (LI) 2180, which proscribes the use of PTWs for fare-paying passenger services. Consequently, a nationwide consultation was commissioned to elicit perspectives of all transport stakeholders from the ten previous regional capitals on the current legislation, which bans the use of PTWs to offer fare-paying passenger services. It was unequivocally established that participants wanted the current legislation to be revised to enable PTWs to offer fare-paying passenger services. Most participants were of the view that, for some communities, PTWs are the only available public transport modes; their operations offer employment for the youth, and their services are cheap, flexible, convenient and fast. They usually will go to areas where trotro and taxis find difficult to go because of the bad nature of roads. Though some stakeholders acknowledged some negative externalities like road traffic crashes, noise and violent crimes to be associated with PTWs use, they emphasised that these are preventable through effective policing. To improve the safety and operations of PTW services, participants stressed the need to regulate commercial use of PTWs through stringent licensing regime, training, enforcement of minimum age limit for operators and allowing operators to form identifiable riders' associations. The long-term goal for the transport ministry should be to provide standard public transport services that are amenable to the needs of all communities in Ghana. Key words Powered Two- (or Three)-Wheelers (PTWs), motorcycle taxis, tricycle taxis, fare-paying services, public transport, stakeholder consultations, road traffic crashes, legislative instrument (LI 2180) Acknowledgements Funding was provided by UKAid through Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) and the Ministry of Transport (MoT) Ghana, without which this work would not have come about. Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) Safe and sustainable transport for rural communities ReCAP is a research programme, funded by UK Aid, with the aim of promoting safe and sustainable transport for rural communities in Africa and Asia. ReCAP comprises the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) and the Asia Community Access Partnership (AsCAP). These partnerships support knowledge sharing between participating countries in order to enhance the uptake of low cost, proven solutions for rural access that maximise the use of local resources. The ReCAP programme is managed by Cardno Emerging Markets (UK) Ltd. www.research4cap.org ReCAP | Facilitation Services for Consultation on Motorcycles Operation in Ghana 3 Acronyms,