index.qxd 19/02/2009 12:56 PM Page 1821 bladder wall/detrusor, 123 INDEX as novel molecular targets, 140 α-adrenoceptor, 126, 129 Indexer: Dr Laurence Errington bladder, 126, 129, 202 www.errington-index.demon.co.uk urethral, 127 urethral and anal rhabdosphincters and, 194 α-adrenoceptor agonists/stimulants, SUI, vs pelvic floor muscle Figures and tables are comprehensively referred to from the training, 1051 text. Therefore, significant material in figures and tables α-adrenoceptor antagonists, 657 has only been given a page reference in the absence of their multiple system atrophy, 884-5 concomitant mention in the text referring to that figure. neurogenic UI, 824-5 Abbreviations: AI (or FI), anal (faecal) incontinence; EMG, children, 743 older people, adverse urinary effects, 311 electromyography; LUT, lower urinary tract; LUTS, lower overactive bladder symptoms/detrusor overactivity, 657 urinary tract symptoms; POP, pelvic organ prolapse; QoL, overactive pelvic floor, children, 739 quality of life; SUI, stress urinary incontinence; UI, urinary overflow incontinence, 676 incontinence. UK and not US spellings have been used β-adrenoceptor, 140-1 throughout the index, although the text uses both. β3-adrenoceptor, 123, 658 agonists, 140, 141 overactive bladder symptoms/detrusor overactivity, 657-8 A SUI, 673-4 antagonists, SUI, 673 A-δ fibres/axons, 176, 636 bladder, 129 abdominal approach see transabdominal approach as novel molecular targets, 140-1 abdominal examination, females with UI, 342 urethral, 127 abdominal leak point pressure, 419 advanced glycation end-products, 134 abdominal massage aiding defaecation, 868-9 advanced practice nurses, 1655 spinal cord injury, 907 collaboration with physicians in care of frail elderly, 1004 abdominoperineal resection of rectum, 802, 918 advocacy, continence, 1652-8 absorbent products (pads) for FI, 1530, 1556 aesthetics, pads, 1557 odour control, 1627 aetiology (incl. risk factors/pathogenesis), 1667-8 absorbent products (pads) for UI, 1538-57 AI/FI, 74-9, 137, 286, 354, 861-3, 877-922, 1323-41, 1364-7 capacity and user requirements, 1544 children, 764 categories, 1538-40 frail elderly, 1362, 1364-7 changing frequency, 1623, 1625 neurogenic, 861-3, 877-922, 1338-9, 1365-6 evaluation of different bodyworn designs, 1550-4 obstetric factors see childbirth females with light UI, 1527, 1544-6 physical examination in determination of cause, 354-5 general recommendations on selection, 1556-7 for light UI bladder dysfunction see bladder dysfunction females, 1527 bladder pain syndrome, 222, 1469-71 males, 1528, 1546-8 constipation, older people, 1356 materials, 1540-4 enuresis/wetting measuring usage, 336 day, 45-6 for moderate/heavy UI night, 41-2 females, 1528 fistulas see fistulas males, 1529 POP see pelvic organ prolapse ACET study, 647 UI (in general), 1667-8 acetaminophen, chronic pelvic pain, 1490 frail elderly, 965-75, 1009, 1739-40 acetohydroaxmic acid, 1597 men see males acetylcholine, 128, 131, 175, 639-41 neurological, 69, 799-802, 877-922 detrusor overactivity and, 263, 639-41 in primary prevention, 1667-8 urothelial stretch and, 118 research recommendations, 93 see also muscarinic receptors; nicotinic receptors women, 55-61, 83 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors see cholinesterase inhibitors see also pathophysiology Acticon Neosphincter® , 1396, 1398 afferents see sensory (afferent) nerves/neurones actin in detrusor contraction, 121 African-American women see black and African-American women activities of daily living and frailty, 964 aganglionosis, colonic (Hirschsprung’s disease), 138 acupuncture age (and aging) male UI, 1093 AI/FI risk and, 74, 1330 nocturnal enuresis, 724 bowel, 1363-4 adenosine receptors, 131-2 of child, effects of incontinence and its treatment related, 1741 adenosine triphosphate see ATP LUT changes with, 965-70 ADH see vasopressin nocturnal enuresis prevalence and, 39-40, 41 adherence (compliance) non-neurogenic detrusor overactivity and, 260-1 children, 1741-2 outcome of female UI treatment related to electrical stimulation, 1067 bladder training, 1078 pelvic floor muscle training, 1044-5, 1045-6, 1047, 1651 electrical stimulation, 1066-7 adhesives, tissue, non-obstetric fistulas, 1249 pelvic floor muscle training, 1054-5 adjuvant radiotherapy in prostate cancer, 1139 outcome of male UI treatment related to, bladder training, adrenoceptor(s) (and adrenergic nerves/innervation), 129 1092-3 adverse urinary effects in older people of drugs acting at, 310, pharmacology and, 981-3 311 POP and, 283 surgical management of, 1275 1821 index.qxd 19/02/2009 12:56 PM Page 1822 SUI surgical outcome and, 1220-1 imaging of abnormalities, 614-16 UI risk and, 965 innervation, 188-92 in men, 65-9 neurophysiological tests, 496-8 in men, post-prostatectomy, 70, 306, 1126-7 obstetric trauma, 288 in women, 55 assessment, 487 urethral pressures and, 432 pharmacology, 194-7 see also frail elderly; older people physiology, 475 aids and devices/appliances see continence devices repair see surgery AIDS and HIV disease, 801, 921-2 supraspinal activation, 193-4 air-charged catheters for pressure measurements, 419-20 training, 1353-9, 1375-6 airway obstruction, upper, children, 42 voluntary contraction, pressure on, 481-6 alarm see enuresis alarm anal sphincter, internal, 285, 475, 614-16 alcohol overconsumption/abuse, 801 anatomy, 475 FI and, 1347 imaging, 614-16 women, 1032-3 incisions (sphincterotomy), FI risk, 1338 Aldridge sling, 1211 obstetric trauma, 288, 612 all-in-ones see diapers physiology, 475 allograft slings, 1216 surgery see surgery alloplastic sphincter, historical accounts, 29-30 anal stool bag, 1614, 1617, 1618 alpha-adrenoceptors see adrenoceptors analgesia/analgesic drugs Altemeier procedure, 1308 in bladder pain syndrome, 1481-2 alternative medicine see complementary and alternative medicine in chronic pelvic pain, 1490 Alzheimer’s disease, 877-9 neuropathic, 1491-2 dementia with Lewy bodies comorbid with, 881 epidural, labour, 268-9 ambulatory urodynamics, 418 analytical epidemiology, 37 normal values, 426-8 anatomy reproducibility, 423-6, 426 anorectum, 285-6, 474 sensitivity and specificity, 440 LUT therapeutic response prediction, 442 paediatric (congenital) abnormalities see congenital/anatomic American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) FIQL anomalies scale, 1402 urothelium, 170 American Urological Association Foundation, 1682 see also specific parts amitriptyline pelvic floor, 184 bladder pain syndrome, 1481-2 pelvic organ prolapse surgical outcome related to, 1276 diarrhoea-associated FI, 1351 pelvic organ support-related see pelvic organs AMPA receptors, 183 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 310, 311 AMS Sphincter 800® , 1396 anismus, 499 anaemia and POP, 1096, 1097 anorectal incontinence, elderly, 1366 anaesthesia see general anaesthesia; local anaesthesia; regional treatment, 1371-2 anaesthesia anorectoplasty, posterior sagittal, 1153 anal canal, 139 anorectum, 137-40, 285-6, 289-90, 474-502 bulk-enhancing agents injected into, 1403-5, 1408 anatomy, 285-6, 474 length of high-pressure zone, 481 congenital malformations, 462-3 pressure and its measurement see manometry; pressure surgery for FI, 1406-7 sensation see sensation see also imperforate anus anal electrical stimulation, 1359, 1360 innervation, 137-8, 138-9, 286 anal incontinence see faecal incontinence physiology/function, 137-40, 285-6, 289-90, 474-502, 1363-4 anal plug, 869, 1530, 1612, 1615-16, 1617, 1618 brain interactions, 226, 227 anal pouch, 1530, 1614, 1617, 1618 older people with/without FI, 1363-4 anal sphincter (both muscles or unspecified), 285-6, 475, 612-16 physiology/function, studies/measurements, 474-502, 534 anatomy, 285-6, 475 in clinical practice, 502 artificial see artificial anal sphincter neuropathic patients, 864-5 digital examination, 355 pressure studies see manometry endurance and fatigability assessment, 485-6 recommendation and guidelines, 500-1, 502 in etiopathogenesis of FI, 288 sensation see sensation functional assessment, 475 symptoms in POP surgical outcome assessment, 1276-8 imaging, 612-16 antegrade continence enema (of Malone), 14-18, 871-2, 1406 obstetric/childbirth-related trauma, 291-7, 612, 1334-7 child, 1407 dynamic methods of assessment, 487 meningomyelocele, 915 instrumental delivery, 297-8 anterior pelvic compartment, ultrasonography, 567 recognised, 295-7 anterior transsphincteric transanal surgical approach to rectourethral repair, 295-7, 1390 fistula repair (ASTRA), 1158 unrecognised/occult, 291-5 antibiotics physiology, 137, 139, 285-6, 475 in bladder pain syndrome, 1485 pressure studies see manometry children with neurogenic detrusor-sphincter dysfunction, 743-4 repair see surgery diarrhoea associated with use in older people, 1366 anal sphincter, external (EAS; anal rhabdosphincter), 285, 614-16, with indwelling catheters, 1595-6 1353-9 antibiotic-impregnated catheters, 1593, 1594 anatomy, 475 prophylactic, 818, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1602-4 EMG, 497, 501, 527, 529, 532 therapeutic, 1595-6 in neuropathic patients, 866 with spinal cord injury, prophylactic, 904 vector manometry compared with, 486 anti-blow off features, sheaths, 1558 1822 index.qxd 19/02/2009 12:56 PM Page 1823 anticholinergics see antimuscarinics arousal training, 724, 770 anticonvulsants, chronic pelvic pain, 1491 see also waking antidepressants, 660 artificial anal sphincter, 1396-8, 1408 bladder pain syndrome, 1482-3 neurogenic FI, 875-7 chronic pelvic pain, 1491 artificial bladder (prosthetic bladder), child, 750 diarrhoea-associated FI, 1351 artificial