BONN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY. PAUSANIAS' DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. PAUSANIAS' TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH \VITTI NOTES AXD IXDEX BY ARTHUR RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Soiiii'tinie Scholar of Trinity L'olltge, Cambridge. VOLUME IT. " ni <le Fnusnnias cst un homme (jui ne mnnquo ni de bon sens inoins a st-s tlioux." hnniie t'oi. inais i}iii rn>it ou au voudrait croire ( 'HAMTAiiNT. : ftEOROE BELL AND SONS. YOUK STIIKKT. COVKNT (iAKDKX. 188t). CHISWICK PRESS \ C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCEKV LANE. fA LC >. iV \Q V.2- CONTEXTS. PAGE Book VII. ACHAIA 1 VIII. ARCADIA .61 IX. BtEOTIA 151 -'19 X. PHOCIS . ERRATA. " " " Volume I. Page 8, line 37, for Atte read Attes." As vii. 17. 2<i. (Catullus' Aft is.) ' " Page 150, line '22, for Auxesias" read Anxesia." A.-> ii. 32. " " Page 165, lines 12, 17, 24, for Philhammon read " Philanimon.'' " " '' Page 191, line 4, for Tamagra read Tanagra." " " Pa ire 215, linu 35, for Ye now enter" read Enter ye now." ' " li I'aijf -J27, line 5, for the Little Iliad read The Little Iliad.'- " " " Page ^S9, line 18, for the Babylonians read Babylon.'' " 7 ' Volume II. Page 61, last line, for earth' read Earth." " Page 1)5, line 9, tor "Can-lira'" read Camirus." ' ; " " v 1'age 1 69, line 1 , for and read for. line 2, for "other kinds of flutes "read "other thites.'' ;< " " Page 201, line 9. for Lacenian read Laeonian." " " " line 10, for Chilon read Cliilo." As iii. 1H. Pago 264, " " ' Page 2G8, Note, for I iad read Iliad." PAUSANIAS. BOOK VII. ACIIAIA. CHAPTER I. the country between Elis and Sicyonia which NOWborders on the Corinthian Gulf is called in our day Achuia from its inhabitants, but in ancient times was called ./Egiulus and its inhabitants ^Egialians, according to the tradition of the Sicyonians from ^Egialeus, who was king of what is now Sicyonia, others say from the position of the 1 country which is mostly on the sea-shore. After the death of Hellen his sons chased their brother Xuthus out of Thes- saly, accusing him of having privately helped himself to their father's money. And he fled to Athens, and was thought worthy to marry the daughter of Erechtheus, and he had by her two sons Achosus and Ion. After the death of Erecbtheus he was chosen to decide which of his sons should be king, and, because he decided in favour of Cecrops the eldest, the other sons of Erechtheus drove him out of the country : and he went to ^Egialus and there lived and died. And of his sons Achsenstook an army from ./Egialu.s and Athens and returned to Thessaly, and took possession of the throne of his ancestors, and Ion, while gathering to- gether an army against the ^Egialians and their king Srlirms, received messengers from Selinus offering him his only child Helice in marriage, and adopting him as his son and heir. And Ion was very well contented with this, and after the deatli of Selinns reigned over the ^Egialians, and built Helice which he called after the name of his wife, and 1 yEgialus (ai'yiaXof) is Greek for sou-shore. In this last view com- pare the names Fomerania, Glamorganshire. II. H 2 PAUSANIAS. called the inhabitants of ^Egialus lonians after him. This was not a change of name but an addition, for they were called the Ionian ^gialians. And the old name ^Egialus long prevailed as the name of the country. And so Homer in his catalogue of the forces of Agamemnon was pleased to call the country by its old name, " 1 Throughout ./Egialus and spacious Helioe." And at that period of the reign of Ion when the Eleusi- nians were at war with the Athenians, and the Athenians invited Ion to be Commander in Chief, death seized him in Attica, and he was buried at Potamos, a village in Attica. And his descendants reigned after him till they and their people were dispossessed by the Achaeans, who in their turn wei'e driven out by the Dorians from Lacedagmon and Argos. The mutual feuds between the lonians and Achseans I shall relate when I have first- given the reason why, before the return of the Dorians, the inhabitants of LacedaBmon and Argos only of all the Peloponnese were called Achseans. Archander and Architeles, the sons of Achseus, came to Argos from Phthiotis and became the sons in law of Danaus, Architeles marrying Automate, and Archander Scasa. And that they were sojourners in Argos is shewn very clearly by the name Metanastes {stranger) which Archander gave his son. And it was when the sons of Achseus got power- ful in Argos and Lacedaomon that the name Achaean got attached to the whole population. Their general name was Achreans, though the Argives were privately called Danai. And now when they were expelled from Argos and Lace- da3mon by the Dorians, they and their king Tisamenus the son of Orestes made the lonians proposals to become their colonists without war. But the Ionian Court was afraid that, if they and the Achrcans were one people, Tisamenus would be chosen as king over both nations for his bravery and the lustre of his race. So the lonians did not accept the proposals of the Achreans but went to blows over it, and Tisamenus fell in the battle, and the Achaaans beat the lonians, and besieged them in Helice to which they had fled, but afterwards let them go upon conditions. And the Achaeans buried the body of Tisamenus at Helice, but some 1 Iliad, ii. 575. BOOK VII. ACHAU. 3 time afterwards the Lacedaemonians, in accordance with an oracle from Delphi, removed the remains to Sparta, and the tomb of Tisamenus is now where the Lacedaemonians have their banquetings, at the place called Phiditia. And when the lonians migrated to Attica the Athenians and their king, Melanthus the son of Andropompus, welcomed them as settlers, in gratitude to Ion and his services to the Athe- nians as Commander in Chief. But there is a tradition that the Athenians suspected the Dorians, and feared that they would not keep their hands off them, and received the lonians therefore as settlers rather from their formidable strength than from goodwill to them. CHAPTER II. not many years afterwards Medon and Nileus, the ANDeldest sons of Codrus, quarrelled as to who should be king over the Athenians, and Nileus said he would not sub- mit to the rule of Medon, because Medon was lame in one of his feet. But as they decided to submit the matter to the oracle %,t Delphi, the Pythian Priestess assigned the king- dom to Medon. So Nileus and the other sons of Codrus were sent on a colony, and took with them whatever Athe- nians wished, and the louians formed the largest part of the contingent. This was the third expedition that had started from Greece under different kings and with different peoples. The oldest expedition was that of lolaus the Theban, the nephew of Hercules, who led the Athenians and people of Thespia1 to Sardinia. And, one generation before the lonians sailed from Athens, the Lacedaemonians and Minyae who had l>een expelled by the Pelasgi from Lemnos were led by Theras the Theban, the son of Autesion, to the island henceforward called Theras after him, but formerly called Calliste. And now thirdly the sons of Codrus were put at the head of the lonians, though they had no connection with them by race, being as they were Messenians from Pylos as far as Codrus and Melanthus were concerned, and Athenians only on their mother's side. And the following Greeks took part in this expedition of the lonians, the Thebans under Philotas, who was a descendant of Peneleus, 4 PAUSANIAS. and the Minyee from Orchomenus, who were kinsmen of the sons of Codrus. All the Phocians also took part in it (ex- cept the people of Delphi), and the Abantes from Enbcea. And to the Phocians the Athenians Philogenes and Damon, the sons of Euctemon, gave ships to sail in, and themselves led them to the colony. And when they had crossed over to Asia Minor, different detachments went to different maritime towns, but Nileus and his contingent to Miletus. The Milesians give the following account of their early his- tory. They say their country was for two generations called Anactoria, during the reigns of Anax the Autochthon and Asterius his son, and that, when Miletus put in there with an expedition of Cretans, then the town and country changed its name to Miletus from him. And Miletus and the force with him came from Crete fleeing from Minos the son of Europa. And the Carians, who had settled earlier in the neighbourhood of Miletus, admitted the Cretans to a joint share with them. But now when the lonians conquered the old inhabitants of Miletus, they slew all the males ex- cept those that ran away from the captured city, and mar- ried their wives and the tomb of is daughters. And Ni,Jeus as you approach Didymi, not far from the gates on the left of the road. And the temple and oracle of Apollo at Didymi are of earlier date than the migration of the lonians : as also is the worship of the Ephesian Artemis. Not that Pindar in my opinion understood all about the goddess, for he says that the Amazons who fought against Theseus and Athens built the temple to her. Those women from Thermodon did indeed sacrifice to the Ephesian Artemis, as having known her temple of old, when they fled from Hercules and earlier still from Dionysus, and sought refuge there : it was not however built by them, but by Coresus, an Autochthon, and by Ephesus (who was they think the son of the river Cayster, and gave his name to the city of Ephesus).