LATEX Command Summary \\* terminates a line, but disallows a pagebreak. \] —sameas\end{displaymath} or $$. This listing contains short descriptions of the \ˆ makes a circumflex, aso. ˆ control sequences that are likely to be handy for \_ is an underscore, as in hours worked. users of LATEX v2.09 layered on TEX v2.0. Some of these commands are LATEX macros, while oth- \‘ in tabbing environment moves all text which ers belong to plain TEX; no attempt to differen- follows (up to \\) to the right margin. tiate them is made. Elsewhere, grave accent , as `o. \{ prints a curly left brace: . { \ — ordinary space after period. \| is (math mode). 1 k \! —negativethinspace= 6 quad; \} prints a curly right brace: . xx\!x yields xxx (math mode).− } \˜ makes a tilde, asn. ˜ \" makes an umlaut, as ¨o. \a’ makes an acute accent in tabbing \# prints a pound sign: #. environment, aso. ´ \$ prints a dollar sign: $. \a‘ makes a grave accent in tabbing \% prints a percent sign: %. environment, aso. ` \& prints an ampersand: &. \a= makes a macron accent in tabbing \’ in tabbing environment moves current column environment, aso. ¯ to the right of the previous column. Elsewhere, \aa is ˚a. \AA is A.˚ acute accent, as ´o. \acute makes an acute accent:a ´ (math mode). \( — start math mode. Same as \begin{math} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{name} adds or $. the command \contentsline{section}{name} \) — end math mode. Same as \end{math} or $. to the .toc file. \* is a discretionary multiplication sign, at which \address{text} declares the return address in a line break is allowed. the letter document style. \+ moves left margin to the right by one tab stop. \addtocontents{toc}{text} writes text to the Begin tabbed line. .toc file. 1 \, —thinspace=6 quad; xx\,x yields xx x.It \addtocounter{name}{amount} adds amount to is not restricted to math mode. counter name. \- in tabbing environment, moves left margin to \addtolength{\nl}{length} adds length to the left by one tab stop. Elsewhere, optional length command \nl.Seealso\setlength, hyphenation. \newlength, \settowidth. \. puts a dot accent over a letter, aso. ˙ \ae is æ. \AE is Æ. \/ inserts italics adjustment space. \aleph is (math mode). 2 ℵ \: — medium space = 9 quad; xx\:x yields xx x \alph{counter} prints counter as lower-case (math mode). letters. \Alph{counter} prints upper-case 5 \; —thickspace=18 quad; xx\;x yields xx x letters. (math mode). \alpha is α (math mode). \< in tabbing environment, puts text to left of \amalg is (math mode). local left margin. q \and separates multiple authors for the \= in tabbing environment, sets a tab stop. \maketitle command. Elsewhere, makes a macron accent, as ¯o. \angle is (math mode). \> in tabbing environment is a forward tab. 6 2 \appendix starts appendices. Otherwise, medium space = 9 quad (math mode). \approx is (math mode). ≈ \@ declares the period that follows is to be a \arabic{counter} prints counter as arabic sentence-ending period. numerals1,2,etc. \[ —sameas\begin{displaymath} or $$. \arccos is arccos (math mode). \\ terminates a line. \arcsin is arcsin (math mode). 2 LATEX Command Summary \arctan is arctan (math mode). \begin{figure}[pos] begins a floating \arg is arg (math mode). environment, which may be optionally placed at pos (see positions on page 8). Document \arraycolsep — width of the space between styles report and article use the default tbp. columns in an array environment. \begin{figure*}[pos] begins a \arrayrulewidth — width of the rule created in two-column-wide figure. See \begin{figure}. tabular or array environment by |, \hline, or \vline. \begin{flushleft} starts environment with ragged right-hand margin. Separate lines with \arraystretch — scale factor for interrow \\.See\raggedright. spacing in array and tabular environments. \begin{flushright} starts environment with \ast is (math mode). ∗ ragged left-hand margin. Separate lines with \asymp is (math mode). \\.See\raggedleft. \author{names} declares author(s) for the \begin{itemize} starts a “bulleted” ( ) list. \maketitle command. Start each item with \item. • \b is a “bar-under” accent, as o. ¯ \begin{list}{labeling}{spacing} starts a \backslash is (math mode). general list environment. labeling specifies \ \bar puts a macron over a letter:a ¯ (math mode). how items are labeled when \item has no \baselineskip — distance from bottom of one argument. spacing is an optional list of line of a paragraph to bottom of the next line. spacing parameters. \begin{math} starts a math display like this: \baselinestretch —factorbywhich 2 2 \baselineskip is multiplied each time a type x + y , within text. Same as $ or \(. size changing command is executed. \begin{minipage}[pos]{vsize} starts a box of \begin{environment} — always paired with height vsize. Text will be positioned according \end{environment}. Following are the assorted to pos (see positions on page 8). environments. \begin{picture}(x, y)(xl,yl) starts a picture \begin{abstract} starts an environment for environment whose width is x units, height is y producing an abstract. units, and lower-left corner is the point (xl,yl). Set units with \unitlength. \begin{array}{lrc} starts array environment with 3 columns, left-justified, right-justified, \begin{quotation} starts an environment with and centered. Separate columns with &,and wider margins, normal paragraph indenting, end lines with \\. @{text} between l, r or c and offset from the text at top and bottom. arguments puts text between columns. \begin{quote} starts an environment with wider \begin{center} starts an environment in which margins, no paragraph indenting, and offset every line is centered. End lines with \\. from the text at top and bottom. \begin{description} starts a labeled list. Items \begin{tabbing} starts a columnar environment. are indicated by \item[label]. Use commands \= (set tab), \> (tab), \< (backtab), \+ (indent one tab stop), \- \begin{displaymath} sets mathematics on lines (outdent one tab stop), \‘ (flush right), \’ of its own. Same as \[ or $$. (flush left), \pushtabs, \poptabs, \kill, \\. \begin{document} starts the actual text of a \begin{table}[pos] begins a floating document. Required. environment, which may be optionally placed \begin{enumerate} starts a numbered list. at pos (see positions on page 8). Document \begin{eqnarray} starts a displaymath styles report and article use the default tbp. environment in which more than one equation \begin{table*}[pos] begins a two-column-wide can be accommodated. Separate equations with table. See \begin{table}. \\ or \\*;use\nonumber to suppress \begin{tabular}{arg} starts an array numbering a particular equation. environment which can be used in or out of \begin{eqnarray*} begins an environment like math mode. arg contains column text the eqnarray environment except that the positioning commands r, l, c, @{...}, equations aren’t numbered. p{length} (see positions on page 8). \begin{equation} starts a displaymath | produces vertical line between columns. environment and adds an equation number. *{7}{r|l|} repeats that entry 7 times. December 28, 1999 3 \begin{theorem} —see\newtheorem. \cap is (math mode). ∩ \begin{titlepage} is an environment with no \caption[loftitle]{text} creates a numbered page number, and causes following page to be caption in a figure or table environment. numbered “1”. Optional loftitle contains entry for the list of \begin{verbatim} starts an environment which figures if different from text. will be typeset exactly as you type it, carriage \cc{text} declares list of copy recipients for returns and all, usually in typewriter font. letter document style. \begin{verse} starts an environment for poetry \cdot is (math mode). with wider margins, no paragraph indenting, · \cdots makes three dots centered on the line: and ragged right margin. (cf. \ldots) (math mode). ··· \beta is β (math mode). \centering declares that all text following is to \bf switches to bold face type. be centered (cf. \begin{center}). \bibitem{ref} text creates a bibliography entry \chapter[toctitle]{text} begins a new text, numbers it, and labels it with reference section, automatically headed and numbered. label ref. Optional toctitle contains entry for the table \bibliography{file} — insert bibliography of contents if different from text. from file name.bib at this point in text. \chapter*{title} is like \chapter{title}, but \bibliographystyle{style} — a format adds no chapter number or table of contents specifier, like \documentstyle. entry. \bigcap is (math mode). \check makes a h´aˇcek, asa ˇ (math mode). \bigcirc is (math mode). is χ (math mode). T \chi \bigcup is (math mode). \circ is (math mode). is (math mode). ◦ \bigodot S \circle{diameter} as a valid argument for \put \bigoplus is (math mode). J in a picture environment, draws a circle. \bigotimes is (math mode). L \circle*{diameter} is like \circle, but draws \bigtriangledown is (math mode). a solid circle. N 5 \bigtriangleup is (math mode). \cite[subcit]{ref} produces a reference, in 4 \bigskip — standard “big” vertical skip. square brackets, to a bibliographic item created with \bibitem{ref}. Optional sub-citation \bigskipamount — default length for \bigskip. subcit can be inserted in the entry. \bigsqcup is (math mode). \cleardoublepage forces next page to be a is (math mode). \biguplus F right-hand, odd-numbered page. is (math mode). \bigvee U \clearpage ends a page where it is, and puts \bigwedge is (math mode). W pending figures or tables on separate float \bmod is binary modulo expression u mod m pages with no text. V (math mode). \cline{i-j} draws a horizontal line across \boldmath changes math italics and math columns i through j inclusive in array or symbols to boldface. Should be used outside of tabular environments. math mode. \closing{text} declares the closing in letter \bot is (math mode). document style. ⊥ \bottomfraction — maximum fraction of page \clubsuit is (math mode). ♣ occupied by floats at the bottom. \columnsep — distance between columns in \bowtie is ./ (math mode). two-column text. \Box is 2 (math mode). \columnseprule — width of the rule between \breve makes a breve accent:a ˘ (math mode).