Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2021 Counselor Education and Supervision Students’ Stage of Program and Intimate Relationship Investment Rachel Dell Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Counseling Psychology Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Counselor Education & Supervision This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Rachel Dell has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Ariel Harrison, Committee Chairperson, Counselor Education and Supervision Faculty Dr. Joseph Rizzo, Committee Member, Counselor Education and Supervision Faculty Dr. Geneva Gray, University Reviewer, Counselor Education and Supervision Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2021 Abstract Counselor Education and Supervision Students’ Stage of Program and Intimate Relationship Investment by Rachel Dell MA, Northeastern Illinois University, 2013 BA, University of Central Florida, 2008 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Counselor Education and Supervision Walden University May 2021 Abstract The doctoral counselor education and supervision (CES) program has three stages (entry, integration, or candidacy), each involving specific challenges resulting in varying time requirements, workloads, and stress levels. Personal struggles may have consequences that influence the completion of students’ doctoral program and the outcomes of students’ research. Interdependence theory is the theoretical framework for this study. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine CES doctoral students’ intimate romantic relationship investment as measured by the Investment Model Scale (IMS) and to investigate the relationship between CES doctoral students’ stage in the program and students’ intimate romantic relationship investment. The study answered the question of how CES students’ stage in their program predict their score on each of the constructs (commitment, satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and size of investment) of the IMS. This research study involved a quantitative, comparative design and used nonprobability sampling using convenience and snowball sampling practices to access the target population of (n=169) CES doctoral students who were currently involved in an intimate romantic relationship for at least one year. Using a MANOVA, findings indicated CES students’ stage of program does not make any difference in their score on each of the constructs of the IMS. The findings from this study could lead to positive social change in creating knowledge that professors, counselors, and doctoral students can use in addressing the challenges and tasks of each of the doctoral stages. Counselor Education and Supervision Students’ Stage of Program and Intimate Relationship Investment by Rachel Dell MA, Northeastern Illinois University, 2013 BA, University of Central Florida, 2008 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Counselor Education and Supervision Walden University May 2021 Acknowledgments This work would not have been possible without the support of a few people by my side. I am grateful to my dissertation committee members, as each had a hand in the completion of this study. However, my dissertation committee chair, Dr. Ariel Harrison, provided an environment of patience, structure, support, and encouragement. Without her, I do not know if I would have finished. I also want to thank Christopher Dell who gifted me the opportunity to focus and pursue my dreams. I will be forever grateful for the support, encouragement, faith, and generosity of his kindness and love. Thank you. To everyone else who witnessed my journey, thank you for the support. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background of the Study ...............................................................................................3 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................5 Purpose Statement ..........................................................................................................7 Research Questions and Hypotheses .............................................................................9 Theoretical Framework for the Study ............................................................................9 Nature of Study ............................................................................................................12 Definitions....................................................................................................................13 Assumptions .................................................................................................................15 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................16 Limitations ...................................................................................................................18 Significance..................................................................................................................19 Summary ......................................................................................................................21 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................22 Introduction ..................................................................................................................22 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................24 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................26 Literature Review Related to Key Variables and/or Concepts ....................................31 Intimate Romantic Relationships .......................................................................... 31 i Investment Model Scale Constructs...................................................................... 32 Doctoral Study Stages of Program ........................................................................ 34 Doctoral Student Mental Health ........................................................................... 39 Work/Life Balance ................................................................................................ 44 Attrition ................................................................................................................. 46 Impact of Doctoral Study on the Intimate romantic Relationship ........................ 51 Summary and Conclusions ..........................................................................................55 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................57 Research Design and Rationale ...................................................................................57 Methodology ................................................................................................................59 Population ............................................................................................................. 59 Sampling and Sampling Procedures ..................................................................... 60 Procedures For Recruitment, Participation, and Data Collection ......................... 62 Instrumentation ..................................................................................................... 64 Operationalization ................................................................................................. 67 Data Analysis Plan ................................................................................................ 69 Threats to Validity .......................................................................................................71 External Validity ................................................................................................... 71 Internal Validity .................................................................................................... 72 Construct Validity ................................................................................................. 73 Ethical Procedures .......................................................................................................74 ii Summary ......................................................................................................................75 Chapter 4: Results ..............................................................................................................77
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