Sanskrit (Devanagari) Alphabet Study Book Volume I Single Letters Editor : Medhā Michika, AVG, Anaikatti Published by: Arsha Avinash Foundation 104 Third Street, Tatabad, Coimbatore 641012, India Phone: + 91 9487373635 E mail: [email protected] www.arshaavinash.in Sanskrit alphabet (Devanāgarī ) Study Book Volume 1 Single letters Medhā Michika Q]7`1$. G7 VR.@ 1H.1@: CC `1$. `VV`0VR8 .V HQJ VJ Q` .1 1Q`@ I:7 JQ 1J :J7 .:]V Q` `Q`I GV `V]`QR%HVR 11 .Q% ]V`I11QJ ``QI VR.@ 1H.1@:8 CC ]`Q`1 ``QI .V :CV Q` .1 GQQ@ $QV Q1:`R .V :H 101 1V 1J1 1: VR G7 #`7 %+=7: (0:I7 ):7@J:JR: (:`:0: 78 *CVH `QJ1H 0V`1QJ Q` .1 GQQ@ 1 :0:1C:GCV : 7 `.: 01J:. ,Q%JR: 1QJ 1118:`.::01J:.81J %`1J VR 0V`1QJ Q` .1 GQQ@ 1 :0:1C:GCV : 7 `.: 1R7: .%`%@%C:I5 Q1IG: Q`V5 05 1JR1: 1118:`.:01R7:81J (1:I1 ):7:J:JR: .`:I5 [email protected] 45 1JR1: 1118R:7:J:JR:8Q`$ `.: 1R7: .%`%@%C:I5 (:7CQ`G%`$5 %5 ( 1118:`.:01R7:8Q`$ `V: V(]:HV 1118H`V: V]:HV8HQI ^(V:`H. G7 >IVR.: I1H.1@:?_ I:<QJ Q` 7Q%` HQ%J `7 1118:I:<QJ8HQI V H8 ^(V:`H. G7 >IVR.: I1H.1@:?_ Table of contents = Introduction = Prayer …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 1 Alphabet chart ……..………….. studied on: / / ---- 2 = Vowels at the beginning of word = , …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 3 , …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 4 , …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 4 , …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 5 …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 5 , …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 6 , …………………………….. studied on: / / ---- 6 = Consonants = Introduction …………………..….. studied on: / / ---- 7 Gutturals ..... studied on: / / ---- 10 Palatals ..... studied on: / / ---- 19 Cerebrals ..... studied on: / / ---- 26 Dentals ..... studied on: / / ---- 32 Labials ..... studied on: / / ---- 46 Semi-vowels ..... studied on: / / ---- 58 studied on: Sibilants ! " # ..... / / ---- 68 om । ूƩ ! "#$% ! ॥ śuklāmbaradhara viu śaśivara caturbhujam | prasannavadana dhyāyet sarvavighnopaśāntaye || ' Ȁǰ ! *+ $ । , - * ǽ / ! ॥ sarasvati namastubhya varade kāmarūpii | vidyārambha kariyāmi siddhirbhavatu me sadā || %0 %0 %0 ॥ om śānti śānti śānti || 1 ू)ƌ 3452 1 346% 1 %% 1 (Contact) (Efforts) Ȉ12 (Slightly (Slightly open) (Open) contact) Hard Soft Hard Soft . (Places) 7ू/ 7ू/ 8ू/ 8ू/ 7ू/ 8ू/ (Non- (Non- %/ ' (Aspirate) (Aspirate) (Non-aspirate) (Aspirate) (Types of sound) asp.) asp.) st nd rd th th 1 of the 2 of the 3 of the 4 of the 5 / Semi Sibilants Vowels class class class class (Nasals ) vowels Throat A B C D 8 * / F (= Gutturals) ka kha ga gha a ha a / ā Palate J K & L M ) N O / 3 (HI Palatals) ca cha ja jha ña ya śa i / ī QP ' Roof W X Y / 4 Z / [ ( QP ƴ' Cerebrals) a ha a ha a ra a / *+ Teeth _ * Q H ` (*Ɣ Dentals) ta tha da dha na la sa a Lips e f g h % * i / j ( d Labials) pa pha ba bha ma va u / ū – e, ai – ( ) * Effort of – – o, " au – $ (%& ())' ** *+ – % va 2 Chapter 1. Vowels at the beginning of a word Legend: m. = masculine; f. = feminine; n. = neuter; ind. = indeclinable; a. = adjective 1 4 2 3 12 10 atha aja a (ind.) (m.) now brahman 1 5 2 3 4 34 3*0 ātmā ākāśa ā (m.) (m.) self space 3 2 1 5 56 idam iha i (n.) (ind.) this here 3 2 1 70 78 0 īśa īśvara ī (m.) (m.) lord lord 2 1 9* 9 udakam umā u (n.) (f.) water pārvatī 3 1 2 :;0 :< ūru ūrdhvam ū (m.) (ind.) thigh upward 4 4 1 2 3 = =* tam k (ind.) (f.) truly mantra 4 1 2 3 4 1 3 1 2 ! There is no long sound. 5 3 1 2 > >?0 eva ea e (ind.) (m.) only, just this 3 4 2 1 @A @8 aikyam aiśvaryam ai (n.) (n.) oneness lordship 5 1 6 2 3 4 B BC0 om oha o (ind.) (m.) om lip 6 5 1 7 2 3 4 D? 0 DǴ auadhi auyam au (f.) (n.) herb heat 6 Chapter 2. Consonants followed by vowels 5 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 k + a = ka k + a = ka 5 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 k + ā = kā k + ā = kā 5 6 4 1 2 3 k + i = ki k + i = ki 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 k + ī = kī k + ī = kī 5 1 2 3 4 k + u = ku k + u = ku 5 1 2 3 4 k + ū = kū k + ū = kū 5 1 2 3 4 k + = k k + = k 5 1 2 3 4 k + = k k + = k 4 5 1 2 3 k + e = ke k + e = ke 8 5 4 6 1 2 3 k + ai = kai k + ai = kai 5 6 1 2 3 4 k + o = ko k + o = ko 6 5 7 1 2 3 4 k + au = kau k + au = kau 9 4 1 2 3 *2 *F kathā kamalam ka (f.) (n.) story lotus **0 *F0 kāka kāla kā (m.) (m.) crow time * * 0 kim kiraa ki (n.) (m.) what ray of light *GH0 *G 0 kīa kīrti kī (m.) (f.) warm fame 10 * 0 *F kumāra kulam ku (m.) (n.) young boy family *I HJ *I $0 kū&astha kūpa kū (a.) (m.) unchange- well able **K $K $ * K*0K 0 kpākpā k'(a k'(a k (f.)(f.) (m.) (m.) compassioncompassion name of god k 11 *!0 *!F keśava kevala ke (m.) (a.) name of only k !a *LF0 *LM kailāsa kaivalyam kai (m.) (n.) name of a exclusiveness holy place *# H0 *#0 ko&i kośa ko (f.) (m.) crore sheath *N G *N 0 kaumudī kaurava (f.) (m.) kau moonlight descendant of Kurus 12 4 1 2 3 O OP0 kham khaga kha (n.) (m.) sky bird O, O khādya khānam khā (a.) (n.) edible digging OƩ khinna khi (a.) distressed O0! OF! kheda khelā (m.) (f.) khe pain sport 13 3 1 2 PP P0! gaganam gaeśa (n.) (m.) ga sky name of god P *0 P ऽG gāyaka gāyatrī gā (m.) (f.) singer name of goddess P 0 P giri gir (m.) (f.) gi hill word PG gītā gī (f.) name of a sacred scripture 14 P;0 P0 guru gua (m.) (m.) gu teacher quality PRI gūha gū (a.) hidden P6K P 6J0K gham ghastha g (n.) (m.) house householder P ! P6! geyam geham ge (n.) (n.) song house 15 P# 0 P#$F0 gocara gopāla go (m.) (m.) range cowherd PN0 PN G gau gaurī (f.) (f.) gau cow name of Pārvatī 3 1 2 SH0 S0 ghaa ghana (m.) (m.) gha pot cloud S*0 ghātaka ghā (m.) slayer 16 ghi SK ghtam gh (n.) ghee S 0 FS raghu laghu ghu (m.) (a.) name of a small, light king S# S#?0 ghora ghoa (a.) (m.) gho violent proclamation 17 3 1 2 )a )i )e )o 18 3 1 2 ब U0 cakram candra ca (n.) (m.) wheel moon ; $ cāru cāpam cā (a.) (n.) pleasant bow V cittam cira ci (n.) (a.) mind long time cī 19 ू 0 pracura cumba cu (a.) (m.) abundant kiss I WI cūr(am cū+ā cū (n.) (f.) powder crest 0! X! cetana ce'&ā ce (m.) (f.) conscious movement being ƴL ऽ0L caitanyam caitra cai (n.) (m.) consciousness name of a month 20 # # 0 codanā cora co (f.) (m.) inspiration thief N 0 caura cau (m.) thief 3 2 1 Zऽ0 Zƞ chatra chandas cha (m.) (n.) umbrella the Veda Z Zऽ0 chāyā chātra chā (f.) (m.) shadow pupil 21 ZƩ Zि chinna chidram chi (a.) (n.) torn hole Z! chedanam (n.) che cutting 4 1 3 2 P F jagat jalam ja (n.) (n.) universe water 0 jāti jātu jā (f.) (ind.) class ever 22 Ț ^ 0 jihvā jijñāsu ji (f.) (m.) tongue one who desires to know G0 G jīva jīra jī (m.) (a.) individual old X P _ ju'&a jugupsā ju (a.) (f.) gratified disgust H0I jū&a (m.) jū matted hair 23 K0K$ K K0 jbhajpā jbha(am j'(a j (m.)(f.) (n.) (m.) yawningcompassion yawning ! jetā je (m.) winner 0L 0L jaimini jaina jai (m.) (m.) name of a name of a teacher sage #? jo'am jo (n.) happiness 24 4 1 3 `?0 ` H 2 jhaa jhaiti jha (m.) (ind.) fish quickly ` H* jhāikā (f.) jha jasmine 4 1 3 2 ña ñā 25 2 1 *I H0 SH0 kūa ghaa &a (m.) (m.) anvil pot HǍG ippaī &i (f.) footnote HG* īkā &ī (f.) commentary &u 26 &e &o 2 1 $Gb $b0 pīham pāha &ha (m.) (m.) seat reading $Gb C pīhā nihā &hā (f.) (f.) seat firmness 27 $ b * b pahita kahina &hi (a.) (a.) recited hard $GbG ?CG pīhī ahī &hī (f.) (f.) seat sixth C *b suhu kahura &hu (ind.) (a.) well hard &h 28 1 C ! anuheya &he (a.) object to be performed *b# *cb#C kahora kahoham (a.) (n.) &ho cruel guttural-labial 2 1 +a +ā 29 $G W pī ita +i (a.) tormented WG īnam +ī (n.) flight 2 1 RǠ RI hakkā mū ha +ha (f.) (a.) drum deluded + R0 rū hi +hi (f.) well-known meaning 30 3 1 2 P0 $I guna pūram (a (m.) (n.) quality fullness K G t ā vīā (ā (f.) (f.) thirst a musical instrument $ 0 ; 0 pāi vārui (i (m.) (m.) hand name of a sage 10 au (m.) (u atom 31 3 1 2 Ƈ *0 tattvam tarka ta (n.) (m.) truth logic $0 * tāpa tārakā tā (m.) (f.) heat star e 0 titikā timira ti (f.) (m.) endurance darkness G G2 tīram tīrtham tī (n.) (n.) shore holy place 32 F X tulā tua tu (f.) (a.) balance pleased GI I tū'(īm tūr(am tū (ind.) (ind.) silently quickly K KG t(am ttīya t (n.) (a.) grass third t 33 0! #! teja tejomaya te (n.) (a.) light brilliant FL 6 ?GL tailam hitai'ī tai (n.) (m.) oil well wisher # #?0 toyam to'a to (n.) (m.) water satisfaction NF NM taulam taulyam tau (n.) (n.) balance equality 34 3 2 1 2 ू2 mathanam prathama (n.) (a.) tha churning first 2 1J tathā avasthā thā (ind.) (f.) in that state manner 20 1 20 tithi atithi thi (m.) (m.) lunar day guest 12g 2g arthī caturthī thī (m.) (f.) one who fourth desires 35 2 $2! 0 mithunam vepathu (n.) (m.) thu pair trembling JFI sthūla thū (a.) gross J! sthemā the (m.) firmness J L sthairyam thai (n.) stability 36 12# atho tho (ind.) now JNM sthaulyam thau (n.) bulkiness 2 1 daśama dayā da (a.) (f.) tenth compassion ; dānam dāru dā (n.) (n.) giving wood 37 dinam diś di (n.) (f.) day direction G$0 GS dīpa dīrgha dī (m.) (a.) lamp long h hP durita durgā du (a.) (f.) discomfort name of a goddess i i? dūram dū'a(am dū (ind.) (n.) far blemish 38 jRj$ j X0 j0 d+hadpā d'&i d'(a d (a.)(f.) (f.) (m.) firmcompassion vision ! 60! devatā deha de (f.) (m.) god body #?0 #6 do'a dohanam do (m.) (n.) fault milking N k N 6ऽ0 daurbhāgyam dauhitra (n.) (m.) dau ill-luck daughter’s son 39 1 3 2 0 dhanam dharma dha (n.) (m.) wealth duty ƴ dhārā dhānyam dha (f.) (n.) stream grain 0 9$ 0 vidhi upādhi dhi (m.) (m.) order condition G0 G dhī dhīra dhī (f.) (a.) intellect intelligent 40 1 adhunā sādhu dhu (ind.) (a.) now excellent $0I 0I dhūpa dhūma dhū (m.) (m.) incense smoke 0K 1 K dh ti avadh ta dh (f.) (a.) firmness determined dh 41 ! 0 dhenu (f.) dhe cow L dhairyam