Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015 Dec 8. pii: S1198-743X(15)00991-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.009. [Epub ahead of print] Isolation of live Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes from patients with undefined disorders and symptoms not typical for Lyme borreliosis. Rudenko N1, Golovchenko M2, Vancova M3, Clark K4, Grubhoffer L5, Oliver JH Jr6. Author information • 1Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Georgia Southern University, The James H. Oliver Jr Institute for Coastal Plain Sciences, Statesboro, GA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected]. • 6Georgia Southern University, The James H. Oliver Jr Institute for Coastal Plain Sciences, Statesboro, GA, USA. Abstract Lyme borreliosis is a multisystem disorder with a diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations, caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. It is an infectious disease that can be successfully cured by antibiotic therapy in the early stages; however, the possibility of the appearance of persistent signs and symptoms of disease following antibiotic treatment is recognized. It is known that Lyme borreliosis mimics multiple diseases that were never proven to have a spirochaete aetiology. Using complete modified Kelly-Pettenkofer medium we succeeded in cultivating live B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes from samples taken from people who suffered from undefined disorders, had symptoms not typical for Lyme borreliosis, but who had undergone antibiotic treatment due to a suspicion of having Lyme disease even though they were seronegative. We report the first recovery of live B. burgdorferi sensu stricto from residents of southeastern USA and the first successful cultivation of live Borrelia bissettii-like strain from residents of North America. Our results support the fact that B. bissettii is responsible for human Lymeborreliosis worldwide along with B. burgdorferi s.s. The involvement of new spirochaete species in Lyme borreliosis changes the understanding and recognition of clinical manifestations of this disease. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=V5CGYBuRBX4&app=desktop Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 30;108(35):14643-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019074108. Epub 2011 Aug 15. Conjugative DNA transfer into human cells by the VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system of the bacterial pathogen Bartonella henselae. Schröder G1, Schuelein R, Quebatte M, Dehio C. Author information • 1Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Abstract Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SS) mediate interbacterial conjugative DNA transfer and transkingdom protein transfer into eukaryotic host cells in bacterial pathogenesis. The sole bacterium known to naturally transfer DNA into eukaryotic host cells via a T4SS is the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Here we demonstrate T4SS-mediated DNA transfer from a human bacterial pathogen into human cells. We show that the zoonotic pathogen Bartonella henselae can transfer a cryptic plasmid occurring in the bartonellae into the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 via its T4SS VirB/VirD4. DNA transfer into EA.hy926 cells was demonstrated by using a reporter derivative of this Bartonella-specific mobilizable plasmid generated by insertion of a eukaryotic egfp-expression cassette. Fusion of the C-terminal secretion signal of the endogenous VirB/VirD4 protein substrate BepD with the plasmid-encoded DNA-transport protein Mob resulted in a 100-fold increased DNA transfer rate. Expression of the delivered egfp gene in EA.hy926 cells required cell division, suggesting that nuclear envelope breakdown may facilitate passive entry of the transferred ssDNA into the nucleus as prerequisite for complementary strand synthesis and transcription of the egfp gene. Addition of an eukaryotic neomycin phosphotransferase expression cassette to the reporter plasmid facilitated selection of stable transgenic EA.hy926 cell lines that display chromosomal integration of the transferred plasmid DNA. Our data suggest that T4SS-dependent DNA transfer into host cells may occur naturally during human infection with Bartonella and that these chronically infecting pathogens have potential for the engineering of in vivo gene-delivery vectors with applications in DNA vaccination and therapeutic gene therapy This is just a summary of the association of Borrelia/Lyme Disease with a variety of medical conditions. Cancer Alan McDonald 5 cases of brain cancer Sarcoidosis CFS Me Most Common Lyme Disease Associated Auto Immune System Diseases (Lyme bacteria present in all) These all have Peer Reviewed and Published Medical Research proving the connection PART 1 (The secondary lists are below) 1. Atrial Fibrillation 2. ALS - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – Lou Gehrig’s Disease 3. Alzheimer’s disease 4. Arthritis 5. Autism 6. Bell's palsy (Bell's palsy is defined as an idiopathic unilateral facial nerve paralysis) 7. Cardiac Disease 8. Cardiomegaly 9. Cardiomyopathy 10. Carditis 11. Carpal tunnel syndrome 12. Chronic encephalomyelitis 13. CFS - Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis; Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease 14. Chronic muscle weakness 15. CRPS - Complex regional pain syndrome 16. Dementia 17. Demyelinating disorders 18. Dermatomyositis 19. Depression 20. Eczema 21. Encephalitis 22. Encephalomyelitis 23. Encephalopathy 24. Endometriosis 25. Epstein-Barr Virus 26. Erythema chronicum migrans 27. Fever 28. Fibromyalgia 29. Gastrointestinal Disorders 30. Graves’ disease 31. Guillain-Barre syndrome 32. Hashimoto's thyroiditis 33. Headaches (severe) 34. Hearing loss 35. Heart block 36. Hypothyroidism 37. Irritable Bowel Syndrome 38. Isolated acute myocarditis 39. Isolated lymphadenopathy 40. Isolated neuritis of the sciatic nerve 41. Isolated oculomotor nerve paralysis 42. Lyme Disease Co-infections (main): Borrelia Burgdorferi, Bartonella, Babesia Microti, Anaplasma Phagocytophila, Ehrlichiosis (HE, HME), Rickettsia 43. Lupus - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 44. Ménière's Disease 45. Mental, Depression, Psychological problems 46. Memory loss 47. Migraine headaches 48. Mitochondria Disease 49. MND (Motor Neuron Disease) 50. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 51. Multiple System Atrophy 52. Myasthenia gravis 53. Myositis (Muscle tissue inflammation) 54. Narcolepsy 55. Ocular problems 56. Parkinson’s disease 57. Parvovirus 58. POTS; Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, also postural tachycardia syndrome 59. Psoriasis 60. Psoriatic Arthritis 61. Raynaud's syndrome 62. Rheumatic Fever 63. Rheumatoid Arthritis 64. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 65. Sarcoidosis 66. Scleroderma 67. Seizures and Neurological disorders 68. Sjögren’s Syndrome 69. Skin and Dermatological manifestations 70. Systemic Scleroderma 71. Thyroiditis 72. Tinnitus 73. Tourettes Syndrome 74. Transverse Myelitis 75. Vertigo 76. West Nile Virus Heart Disease, POTS, Atrial Fibrillation, Rheumatic Heart Disease and the Lyme Disease Connection Borrelia infection as a cause of Carditis (a long-term study) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11233466?dopt=Abstract Lyme Carditis: cardiac abnormalities of Lyme disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6967274?dopt=Abstract Lyme Carditis http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0891552007001250 Patterns of orthostatic intolerance: The orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and adolescent chronic fatigue http://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(99)70025-9/abstract Ventricular tachycardia associated with Lyme Carditis http://www.ahjonline.com/arti…/0002- 8703(91)90173-F/abstract Three sudden cardiac deaths associated with Lyme Carditis - United States, November 2012 - July 2013 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336130 Lyme Carditis: clinical characteristics of 105 cases http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1947815 Complete heart block due to Lyme Carditis http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/12777681 Cardiac Involvement in Lyme Disease: Manifestations and Management http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/artic…/pii/S002561961262775X… Lyme Carditis: An Important Cause of Reversible Heart Block http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=702950 Fatal Lyme Carditis and endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node http://pmj.bmj.com/content/66/772/134.short An Epidemiologic Study of Lyme Disease in Southern Sweden http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199511163332004 Early disseminated Lyme disease: Cardiac manifestations http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/artic…/pii/S0002934399800412… Lyme Carditis: Electrophysiologic and histopathologic study http://www.sciencedirect.com/sci…/article/…/0002934386903700 Clinical presentation and Management of patients with hyperadrenergic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. A single center experience On PDF (go to www.scholar.Google.com type in Clinical presentation and management of patients with hyper adrenergic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Selective Anti-Inflammatory Action of Interleukin-11 in Murine Lyme Disease: Arthritis Decreases while Carditis Persists http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/3/734.short Carditis in Lyme disease susceptible and resistant strains of laboratory mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1503192 Lyme Carditis: Cardiac Abnormalities of Lyme Disease http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=694150 Lyme Carditis and Borrelia-Associated Dilated Cardiomyopathy http://link.springer.com/artic…/10.1023%2FA%3A1009859817705… Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome following Lyme disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21305487 Postural Orthostatic