SEPM Special Publication No. 45 Sedimentation in Volcanic Settings Edited by: Richard V. Fisher, Gary A. Smith ISBN 978-1-56576-166-7, catalog 41045 Originally published in print as SEPM Special Publication No. 45, ISBN 0-918985-89-7 Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 1991 www.sepm.org Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3794967/9781565761704_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 SEDIMENTATION IN VOLCANIC SETTINGS BASINS OF DEPOSITION TRANSFORMATIONS E en i E CJ E 4CV S lie lICrIOIv Edited by Richard V Fisher University of California Santa Barbara California and Gary A Smith Unviersity of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico Copyright @ 1991 by SEPM SOCIETY FOR SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY Barbara H Lidz Editor of Special Publications Special Publication No 45 Tulsa Oklahoma U S A October 1991 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3794967/9781565761704_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 A PUBLICAnON OF SEPM SOCIETY FOR SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY ISBN 0 918985 89 7 @ 1991 by SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology P O Box 4765 Tulsa Oklahoma 74131 Printed in the United States of America Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3794967/9781565761704_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION VOLCANISM TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION Richard V Fisher and Gary A Smith I VOLCANISM AS A PROCESS OF SEDIMENTOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE VOLCANISM CLIMATIC CHANGE AND THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD Michael R Rampino 9 FRAGMENTATION PROCESSES IN EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Grant Heiken and Keneth Wohletz 19 VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSITS IMPLICATIONS FOR HYROCARBON EXPLORATION Mark E Mathisen and John G McPherson 27 II VOLCANICLASTIC PROCESSES OF TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF TEPHRA BY PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND SURGES Steven N Carey 39 LAHARS VOLCANO HYDROLOGIC EVENTS AND DEPOSITION IN THE DEBRIS FLOW HYPERCONCENTRATED FLOW CONTINUUM Gary A Smith and Donald R Lowe 59 RAIN LAHAR GENERATION AND SEDIMENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS AT MAYON VOLCANO PHILIPPINES Kelvin S Rodolfo and A Tevfik Arguden 71 VOLCANIC DEBRIS AvALANCHE DEPOSITS IN NEW ZEALAND LITHOFACIES ORGANIZATION IN UNCONFINED WET AVALANCHE FLOWS Beth A Palmer Brent V Alloway and Vincent E Neall 89 FACIES ARCHITECTURE OF LARGE VOLCANIC DEBRIS AVALANCHES Harry Glicken 99 III VOLCANICLASTIC SEDIMENTATION IN CONTINENTAL SETTINGS FACIES SEQUENCES AND GEOMETRIES IN CONTINENTAL VOLCANICLASTIC SEQUENCES Gary A Smith 109 LANDSCAPE RESPONSE TO A MAJOR IGNIMBRITE ERUPTION TAUPO VOLCANIC CENTER NEW ZEALAND Robyn C M Smith 123 CHANGES IN DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS RESULTING FROM EMPLACEMENT OF A LARGE VOLUME IGNIMBRITE David C Buesch 139 THE DEPOSITIONAL RECORD OF SMALL MONOGENETIC VOLCANOES WITHIN TERRESTRIAL BASINS James D L White 155 IV VOLCANICLASTIC SEDIMENTATION IN OCEANIC SETTINGS VOLUMINOUS SHALLOW WATER TO EMERGENT BASALTIC VOLCANICLASTIC ROCKS PROTEROZOIC 1880 Ma AMISK LAKE COMPOSITE VOLCANO FLIN FLON GREENSTONE BELT CANADA L D Ayres N A Van Wagoner and W S Ferreira 175 PARNELL GRITs LARGE SUBAQUEOUS VOLCANICLASTIC GRAVITY FLOWS WITH MULTIPLE PARTICLE SUPPORT MECHANISMS Peter F Ballance and Murray R Gregory 189 PLIOCENE QUATERNARY SUBMARINE PUMICE DEPOSITS IN THE SUMISU RIFT AREA Izu BoNIN ARC A Nishimura K M Marsaglia K S Rodolfo A Colella R N Hiscott K Tazaki J B Gill T Janecek J Firth M Isiminger Kelso Y Herman R N Taylor B Taylor K Fujioka and Leg 26 Scientific Party 201 V PETROLOGY OF VOLCANICLASTICS PRE DIAGENETIC SEDIMENTARY FRACTIONATION OF ANDESITIC DETRITUS IN A SEMI ARID CLIMATE AN EXAMPLE FROM THE EOCENE DATIL GROUP NEW MEXICO Steven M Cather and Robert L Folk 211 RECONSTRUCTION OF OLIGo MIOCENE VOLCANICLASTIC DISPERSAL PATTERNS IN NORTH CENTRAL NEW MEXICO USING SANDSTONE PETROFACIES Raymond V Ingersoll and William Cavazza 227 PROVENANCE OF SANDS AND SANDSTONES FROM A RIFTED CONTINENTAL ARC GULF OF CALIFORNIA MEXICO Kathleen M Marsaglia 237 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3794967/9781565761704_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 DEDICATION This volume is dedicated to Harry Glicken former stu known to have died in volcanic eruptions Harry was dev dent and colleague of Richard V Fisher at the University astated by David s death and came to the decision to ded the store of California at Santa Barbara UCSB Harry was a young icate his life to helping society by increasing of scientist of high ideals immersed in the study of volcanoes knowledge about volcanic processes He leaves a short body to the exclusion of nearly all other life pursuits when he of influencial work that will stand as a monument to this was killed on June 3 1991 at the age of 33 by a high tem dedication most notably the extemely detailed study of the perature pyroclastic current on Unzen Volcano in Kyushu debris avalanche that formed from the partial collapse of Japan He had been in Japan at Tokyo Metropolitan Uni Mount St Helens on 18 May 1980 This study completed versity for several months doing post doctoral research In in 1986 has already intluenced others ideas regarding such his own words Harry wrote The fellowship I obtained in awesome events and has greatly advanced knowledge about Japan will enable me to do just the kind of research that I them even though it is still in press as aU S Geological want and feel most suited for in a land of many volcanoes Survey Professional Paper His contribution to the knowl It will also enable me to work with and learn from Japanese edge of volcaniclastic phenomena in this volume also deals volcanologists and eminent American volcanologists who with debris avalanches may wish to visit Japan I will try to stay in Japan for a While associated with the U S Geological Survey at the long time David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory during his Ph dis As a student he was first drawn to a study of volcanoes the 1980 s and though working full time on D and by his interest in large scale flow processes observable dur sertation research Harry unselfishly tirelessly gave of ing the growth of some volcanic forms but his decision to his time and energy to lead numerous geologists from around follow a life career of studying volcanic hazards was the the world to observe and discuss origins of the various vol result of the fateful 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St canic deposits formed during the 1980 eruption He was a Helens Washington At that time he was assistant to David unique dreamy lovable young man always with a ready Johnston who at about the same age also met a tragic end laugh Harry was following his bliss He died with his boots by a pyroclastic current Harry and David whose lives were on so closely linked are also the only American volcanologists Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3794967/9781565761704_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For their considerable help with the papers that appear Eugene Smith Richard Smith Donald Swanson Greg A in this special publication we wish to acknowledge the fol Valentine James D L White and John Yamold W Scott lowing reviewers Baldridge James Boles David For indispensable help with the index the following peo C Buesch William Criswell Richard S Fiske William ple are gratefully acknowledged Kyle Gay Michael J Fritz Harry Glicken Grant Heiken Malcolm Howells Grubensky Daniel Larsen Richard Livacarri Jean Luc Raymond V Ingersoll Donald R Lowe Neil Lundberg Schneider and Judy Lopas Stoopes Gregory Mack Kathleen Marsaglia James G Moore Alan R Niem Geoffrey Orton Thomas Pierson Stephen Self Richard V Fisher and Gary A Smith editors Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3794967/9781565761704_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 VOLCANISM TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION RICHARD V FISHER Department ofGeological Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 AND GARY A SMITH Department ofGeology University ofNew Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 INTRODUCTION feet that volcanism can have on the sedimentological re gime has greatly increased interest in the volcaniclastics Volcanism provides a unique and locally abundant source The field is growing dramatically with the number of pa of earth subaerial and sub with volcaniclastics l00 the of sediment to many the s pers dealing increasing fold in aqueous basins In basin and tectonic analyses volcanic last two decades and continuing to accelerate The common sediments can be treated methodologically like nonvolcanic belief among many petroleum geologists that regions of sediments but the close association of tectonism and vol volcanic rocks are generally to be avoided as potential hy canism provides an added dimension to the analytical im drocarbon reservoirs Burns and Ethridge 1979 Galloway portance of volcaniclastic sediments Volcanism occurs at 1979 has greatly slowed the learning curve about volcan plate margins and in some instances within plates hot iclastic rocks But many oil bearing basins occur within plate spots and sediments within those environments have a margins and because most of the earth s volcanic action strong and in some cases an exclusive component of vol occurs at plate margins there is hydrocarbon production in caniclastic particles The record of tectonism is commonly volcaniclastic rocks Iijima and Utada 1971 Merino preserved only within fillings of sedimentary basins and 1975a b Crossey and others 1984 Coffman 1987 Math because volcanism is associated with activity at plate mar isen and McPherson this