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J'Lretf.Lyo reriftrari'Olt.o da.(. -= .Bau:a !art.' • -- -- ___ -=- - Nfld. r-t= too <e. &co V -4 C5 Encgclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador SMALLWOOD HERITAGE FOL!ti;DATION Editor in Chief Cyril F. Poole C.M., Ph.D., LL.D., D.Litt. Managing Editor Robert H. Cuff B.A. (Hons.), B.Ed., M.A. Volume Four Harry Cuff Publications Limited, St. John's, Newfoundland 1993 © Joseph R. Smallwood Heritage Foundation Inc. First Edition 1993 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador Vols. 3-4 have editor in chief Cyril F. Poole and managing editor Robert H. Cuff, and are published by Harry Cuff Publications Limited, for the Smallwood Heritage Foundation. Includes bibliographical references. Partial contents: v. 4. N-R. ISBN 0-9693422-1-7 (set). --ISBN 0-9693422-4-1 (v. 4) 1. Newfoundland -- Encyclopedias. I. Smallwood. Joseph R., 1900-1991. II. Pitt, Robert D. W., 1953- III. Poole, Cyril F. IV. Cuff, Robert, 1959- V. Smallwood Heritage Foundation (St. John's, Nfld.) FC2154.E52 1991 971.8'003 C88-098579-8 F1121.4.E52 1991 Harry Cuff Publications Limited wishes to express appreciation for the support of the Department of Communications, Government of Canada. Endpapers. "A view of a stage & also ye manner of fishing for, curing & drying cod at Newfoundland" (c. 1710), courtesy Shane O'Dea; map of Newfoundland (Bunney & Gold, 1802), courtesy Gerald Penney; Boat in Sand by Christopher Pratt, courtesy Christopher Pratt and Memorial University Art Gallery; The Narrows by Reginald Shepherd, courtesy Reginald Shepherd and Memorial University Art Gallery. Published by Harry Cuff Publications Limited for the J .R. Smallwood Heritage Foundation Inc. Data management and typesetting by ZYQOTE™ Systems, Bonavista Printed in Canada by Robinson-Blackmore Printing and Publishing Limited SMALLWOOD HERITAGE fOUNDATION St. John's All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Joseph R. Smallwood Heritage Foundation Inc. Information will be welcomed which will facilitate corrections in future editions. iv Editorial Board George M. Story, C.M., Chairman W. Gordon Handcock Joan Ritcey Michael F. Harrington Shannon Ryan Staff Staff Writers Proofreaders Allison Bates Iona Bulgin Wade Colbourne Joan Morgan Deirdre Greene Sandra Penney Kathleen Winter Research Assistants Systems Manager Karen Barbour Jeff Cuff Theresa Heath Lori Sheppard Contributing Writers J.T. Allston John Horwood Derek B. Muggeridge Melvin Baker Burton K. Janes Anthony Murphy Gerhard P. Bassler Olaf U. Janzen Thomas F. Nemec Robert Benson Paul F. Kenney Patricia 0' Brien Stuart C. Brown Ruth Konrad Patrick O'Flaherty Brian C. Bursey Carla Krachun John Parsons Leo J. Cole Peggy Knichun Fay Parsons George Corbett Raymond J. Lahey Gerald E. Penney Michael Coyne Berkley Lawrence G. Alan Perry Harry A. Cuff Augustus G. Lilly David G. Pitt Ann Devlin-Fischer Margaret McDonald Hans Rollmann George H. Earle Martha MacDonald Sister Charlotte Fitzpatrick Malcolm MacLeod Dale Russell FitzPatrick Jean Graham Queen Maloney Shannon Ryan Raymond F. Gosine David Molloy Gary L. Saunders W. Gordon Handcock Wilfred M. Moncrieff George M. Story Michael F. Harrington James Moore Otto G. Tucker Leslie Harris Barry Moores James Wade Charlie Horwood M.O. Morgan v Consultants The publisher and editorial staff are deeply grateful for the support and research assistance received from many people and institutions. We wish to extend particular thanks to Dr. Melvin Baker and Ruth Konrad, both of whom volunteered timely and enthusiastic assistance. We should also like to express our appreciation to the many librarians and archivists whose professionalism and commitment have been evident on a daily basis, including: Anne Hart and the staff of the Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Memorial University of Newfoundland; Bert Riggs and Gail Weir of the Centre for Newfoundland Studies Archive; Paula Marshall of the Maritime History Archive; Kay Earle, Mary O'Keefe and Kitty Power of the Newfoundland Historical Society; Sister Perpetua Kennedy of the Presentation Convent Archives; David Davis, Cal Best, Howard Brown, Ann Devlin-Fischer and Tony Murphy of the Provincial Archive of Newfoundland and Labrador; David Leamon of the Newfoundland Room, Provincial Reference Library; Gillian Brown and Doris Saunders of Them Days Labrador Archive and Bill Hiscock of the United Church Archives. We also wish to offer particular thanks to those who accompanied researchers in their travels while engaged in community research: Alexander Cuff, Leslie Cuff, Alonzo Rideout, Paul Rideout and Michael Winter. Many people have volunteered information, consented to interviews or offered other assistance to researchers working on the Encyclopedia. We should like to acknowledge the valuable contributions made by the following: Ken Andrews Dick Chaulk Barbara Fowler Bill Hynd Gary Anstey Margaret Clarke Hans Frantzen Austin Hynes Albert Arklie Ernest Cluett Astrid Fudge Cyril Hynes Jeffrey Babstock Maggie Colbourne William Furey Kevin Hynes Mrs. Lewis Babstock Sam Collier Wallace Furlong Dorothy Inglis Gary Baikie Tom Collins Reg Gabriel Bernard Jackson Sherlock Baikie Stan Condon Ian Gall Burton K. Janes Garland Bailey William Connors Barry Garland Albert Jekste Art Baker Pearl Coombs Robert Godden Frank Johnson Gerald Earnable Elsie Corcoran Faith (Paterson) Good Baxter Kean Stanley Earnable Hilda Cassar Trudy Gosse Job Kean Jacob Barnes Lillian Crawford Howard Grace Wilson Kearley C.R. Barrett R.M. Crosbie Jennie Greene George King Winnifred Basha Dmitri Cuff John Gullage Robert Lambe John Bear Eugene Cuff Jean Hanley Frank LaPointe Eli Bishop Harry R.R. Cuff Hattie Hardy Bill Larkham Patsy Bishop Sefora Cuff Joanne Harris John Leamon William Blake Heather Cumming Leslie Harris Bill Learning S. Boland Jennifer Curran Heather Hawkins Joe LeClair E.C. Boone Ivy Dalton Ferd Hayward Mrs. Gordon LeGrow Theresa Bonia Davina Davis Jane Heller Desmond Lewis Larry Bourne Sally Davis Paul Hendrickson Eileen Lewis W. Donald Bradbury David Dawe James Hewitt Millicent Loder Helen Brothers Eric N. Dawe Patrick Hewitt Isaac Lomond Mary Jane Brothers Glenda Dawe Sharon Hewitt Arnis Lucis Linda Browne Randy Dawe Alvin Hewlett Darlene Ludlow Wilfred Burden Tom Dawe Arthur Hewlett W.P. McCann Tom Burke Ethel Dempsey Dianne Hickey Jim MacDonald Mrs. Verdon Burt Donna Russell DesRoches John Hickey Mark McGrath William Burt Steve Dodd Annie Hillier Anne Marie Madden Dermot Butland Jerry Duggan Lewis John Hillier Daisy Mahar Margaret Butland Michael Duggan A.E. Hillyard Fabian Manning Vera Butland Gerald Duncan Jean Hillyard Fraser March A.J. Butler G.P. Dwyer John Hillyard Gaileen Marsh Bill Butler Margaret Earle Philip Hiscock Valera Martin Mark Butler Suzanne Ellison Elsa Hochwald Ed Matthews Donna Butt Calvin Evans Charlie Horwood J .E. Maunder Gerald Byrne Gloria Eveleigh Sister Williamina Hogan Frank G. Mercer Annie Carew Trudy Eveleigh Harold Horwood Patsy Milley Geoff Carre John Feltham Ida Horwood David Molloy Jim Carscadden Sister Charlotte Beverly Hounsell W.A. Montevecchi William J. Chafe Fitzpatrick Maxwell Hussey Len Moores Denise Charron Thomas J. FitzPatrick Christopher Hutton Milton Moores vi WilliamS. Moores F.J. Paine Marjorie Pottle Claris Blake Rudkowski Don Morgan David Panting Edward B. Power Ignatius Rumboldt George Morgan Gerald Panting Evelyn Power Clara Russell M.O. Morgan Marion Pardy Gillian Power Gerry Russell Terry Morrison Christina Parker Gregory Power James Russell David Morrow Denis Parker Phil Power Kelly Russell Bob Moss Michael Parker Bob Pratt Stella Russell Dolarosa Nash Heber Parsons Mary Pratt E.C.W. Rusted George E. Neal Jessie Parsons Dianne Pritchett Nigel Rusted William A. Neal Rex T. Parsons Ambrose Puddister Bond Ryan E.R.W. Neale William A. Parsons Marilyn Pumphrey D.W.S. Ryan Paul Neale Ralph Pastore Ron Pumphrey Francis J. Ryan Peter F. Neary Thakor Patel Sister Mary Purcell Francis J. Ryan Steve Neary Paul E. Patey . Gordon F. Pushie Francis J. Ryan M.T. Neill Bill Patterson Garfield Pynn Tom Ryan Barbara Neis Sandy Payne Marcella Quinlan Chesley Sanger Thomas Nemec William Peach Patsy Quinlan G.K. Sann Eleanor Nesbitt Kenneth Peacock David Quinton Doris Saunders Joyce Nevitt Arthur Pearce Karen Quinton Gary Saunders Cle Newhook Clarence Pearce Dorothy Rabbitts Natalie Sellars Hazel Newhook A. Brian Peckford Mont Ransome George Sheppard Shirley Newhook Ambrose Peddle Wallace Read James Snow Frances Nichols John Peddle Jack Reardigan Joseph R. Smallwood II Sybilla Nitsman James G. Peet Francis Reardon William R. Smallwood Kevin Noble Gord Pelley I.A. Ross Reid Hannah Sparkes N.S. Noel Rowena Pelley Ian J. Reid Gerald Squires N.T. Noel Gerald E. Penney Ida Reid Harold Squires S.J.R. Noel Hazel (Butt) Penney Margot Reid Wendy Squires Walter Noel Katherine Penney Wade Reid Hilda (Norman) Stick John Nolan Millicent Penney Miriam Alleyne Renouf Fritz W. Stobbe Marjorie Nolan Sister Paula Penney Maxwell Rice Leo Stoeterau Ellen Bryan Obed Sadie Popovitch Penney Agnes M.