Confidential CERN/2823 Original: English 1 December 2008 ORGANIZATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Action to be taken Voting Procedure COUNCIL - For Information RESTRICTED th 149 session 11 December 2008 STATUS REPORT ON PARTICIPATION OF NON-MEMBER STATES IN THE CERN PROGRAMMES 2008 2008/159/5/e CERN/2823 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page OVERVIEW OF CERN’S INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ................................3 APPENDIX A – LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR RELATIONS WITH CERN...........7 APPENDIX B - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM NON-MEMBER STATES TO CERN ACCELERATORS...........................................................................11 APPENDIX C – PARTICIPATIONS OF NON-MEMBER STATES IN CERN EXPERIMENTS...............................................................................13 APPENDIX D – CONTRIBUTIONS OF NON-MEMBER STATES TO THE WORLDWIDE LHC COMPUTING GRID (WLCG ......................17 APPENDIX E – INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS CURRENTLY IN FORCE..19 APPENDIX F – RELATIONS WITH INDIVIDUAL NON-MEMBER STATES....25 F1 - OBSERVER STATES ............................................................27 F2 - STATES WITH INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION AGREEMENTS......................................................................39 F3 - OTHERS WITH ACTIVE SCIENTIFIC RELATIONS WITH CERN ......................................................................................81 F4 - OTHERS WITH SCIENTIFIC CONTACTS WITH CERN..93 APPENDIX G - INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS WITH RELATIONS WITH CERN ....................................................................................97 2008/159/5/e CERN/2823 1 Strategy As laid down in its Convention, CERN’s primary missions are scientific research and international collaboration. The construction of any future front-line accelerator is likely to be an even more global project than has been the LHC, for scientific, technical and financial reasons. We expect that the construction of a global accelerator project will be led by a host region, with other regions enabling it. The growing trend of CERN’s existing collaborations with Non-Member States, including both Observer States and others, combined with the reducing number of other high-energy physics laboratories, provides a natural basis for proposing the CERN site for any future accelerator to the world particle–physics community. Such a proposal would build on the scientific, technical, diplomatic and personal relations established during the construction and operation of the LHC and its experiments. CERN’s experience in leading international collaborations, combined with the support of the Member States and the Host States’ encouragement, makes the Organization uniquely qualified to lead a future global accelerator project. CERN’s international agreements with Non-Member States lay the basis for this vision of CERN’s future. This vision is supported by the increasing interest expressed by many Non-Member States in developing long-term relationships with CERN, extending beyond the LHC programme to include the Organization’s other scientific activities Background The successful realization of the LHC is, above all, a testament to the strong and consistent support that CERN has received from its Member States during its construction. This has made possible the realization of a project whose scientific ambition and technical complexity is unequalled in any region of the world, at least in accelerator physics and related fields. The construction of the LHC followed observations made by the CERN Review Committee in 1987 on the participation of Non-Member States in CERN Programmes, after which the Committee of Council, at its meeting on 23 February 1989, welcomed a closer scientific and technical co-operation with the many countries involved in CERN activities. Over the following years, and especially with the construction of the LHC, the participation of Non- Member States in CERN’s experimental programme has increased steeply. The CERN Council required significant support from Non-Member States before giving its final approval to the LHC project. Subsequently, the full scope of the LHC accelerator and its experiments was made possible by the extent of contributions from Non-Member States. CERN Management reported on contributions to CERN by Non-Member States at the session of Council in June 2002 (CERN/CC/2448), and CERN Council approved a new procedure for the conclusion of International Co-operation Agreements with Non-Member States (CERN/CC/2413). As reported in detail in 2004 in CERN/2587, in 2006 in CERN/2704 and updated here, these amount to a total LHC project value of some 430 MCHF to the LHC accelerator and its injectors, 380 MCHF to the LHC experiments, and 70 MCHF to current non-LHC experiments at CERN. In addition to these purely financial contributions, the 2008/159/5/e 2 CERN/2823 intellectual and technical contributions of Non-Member-State physicists and engineers have been invaluable. In July 2008, the number of registered users from the Member States was 5860, the number from Observer States was 2756 and the number of users from other Non- Member States was 744. Thus, Non-Member-State users represented 37% of the total. Future CERN’s relations with Non-Member States continue to grow, reflecting increased globalization and the uniqueness of CERN’s experimental programme, centred on the LHC. De facto, CERN is a “European Global Laboratory” that carries upon its shoulders most of the scientific community’s hopes for the next advances in the world’s understanding of matter and its role in the evolution of the Universe. Countries around the world show increasing interest in developing long-term relationships with CERN that extend beyond the LHC programme. In addition to the unique capabilities of the LHC at the high-energy frontier and the impending closures of particle accelerators elsewhere, there is also global interest in other unique facilities such as CNGS, ISOLDE, nTOF, the AD and a fixed-target programme. The openness of CERN to qualified and interested scientists from anywhere in the world is also uniquely attractive, and quite in line with the mandate of the CERN Convention for fostering international collaboration. This will evolve in support of the European Strategy for particle physics agreed by Council, and thus the following scientific and technical priorities are (1) to secure global support for the LHC experimental programme, including high-performance computing, on a sustainable basis, (2) to encourage Non-Member-State participation in its R&D programmes for possible upgrades to the LHC, its experiments and CERN’s proton accelerator complex, (3) to welcome partners in CLIC R&D. In this way, CERN is preparing the ground for possible future accelerator construction projects. In line with the latter priorities, several Non-Member States are already participating in the Linac4 project, and participating in R&D for other elements of the LHC upgrade programme and CLIC. In the short term, these projects offer interesting opportunities for extending to accelerator projects the global pattern of collaboration that already exists for the LHC experiments. This document summarizes the current status of CERN’s relations with Non-Member States. An essential role in governing these relations is played by international agreements signed with CERN. These are also described, together with the arrangements for monitoring them, and the status of CERN’s existing International Co-operation Agreements (ICAs) is reviewed. CERN’s motivations for signing new ICAs derive from the overall strategy and the scientific and technical priorities set out above. This document also describes relations with other countries with which CERN has not signed international agreements, and presents guidelines for further ICAs that the Director-General may propose to Council in the future. 2008/159/5/e CERN/2823 3 Overview of CERN’s International Agreements Observer States CERN currently has six Observer States (India, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey and the USA). Reflecting their important contributions to the LHC accelerator, three of these (Japan, Russia and the USA) have Special LHC Observer status, according to which they are invited to Restricted Sessions of Council dealing with LHC matters; all Observer States are invited to Open Sessions of Council. The Observer States generally have large communities of registered CERN users, who benefit from the operation of CERN’s accelerators and other facilities. However, Israel is the only Observer State that makes an annual contribution to CERN, currently valued at 25% of its estimated membership fee, and thereby supports CERN’s general infrastructure and operations. An enquiry about becoming an Observer State has been received from representatives of Pakistan, and interest has also been expressed in other Non-Member States such as Canada and China. The criteria for being accepted as an Observer State have not been detailed by Council. Two Observer States have expressed official interest in joining CERN as full Members (Israel and Turkey), and Russia has also expressed official interest in a closer and continuing relationship with CERN. In each case, Membership of the Organization would certainly bring scientific and technical benefits to CERN, but would also raise political issues that only Council can resolve. The existing status of Associate Member of CERN has not yet been found attractive. More flexible forms of association might be of more interest, linked either