INDEX A American hemorrhagic fevers: Antibiotic action; Drug resistance; Α-dystroglycan, 301 Argentine, 16–17, 35, 279–280; Immune system; specifi c disease Abrus precatorius, 689 Bolivian, 277, 280, 287–288; Antiviral agents: AZT (zidovudine), Acid-fast bacteria, 212 Brazilian, 277, 281; overview of, 13, 32, 38, 48, 340–341, 355, 356; Active Bacterial Core (ABCs) 274, 274–279, 282–286; treatment, blocking synthesis of bacterial surveillance, 240 prevention, surveillance of, 275, RNA, 47; categories of HIV, 356; Active immunization, 465 287–289; Venezuelan, 277, 280–281 dengue fever, DHF, and DSS, 327– Acute glomerulonephritis, 119, 121, 126 Amoeba histolytica, 34 328; description of, 32; HAART, Acute Q fever, 15 Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 36, 76, 77, 48, 356–357, 382; hepatitis C virus Adaptive immunity, 40–42 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 640–641, 645 (HCV), 391, 402–403; HHV-8 Adenocarcinoma of the lower Anaplasmosis, 552 and KS treatment using, 380–382; esophagus, 167–168 Andes virus, 442 SARS, 466–467. See also Interferons Adenovirus infection, 646–647 Anemia, 176, 528 Arenaviridae, 300 Aedes aegypti mosquito, 318, 322, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Argentine hemorrhagic fever, 16–17, 328–329 (ACE-2), 463–464 35, 279–280 Aedes albopictus mosquito, 318, 322–323 Anopheles mosquitoes, 35, 525, 526, 537 Artemisinin, 535 Age-related immune system defects, Anthrax, 15, 670, 674–676 “Asian Flu” pandemic (type H2N2) 639–640, 642 Antibiotic action, 226, 228–229, 235– [1957], 413 Agglutination, 44 237. See also Antimicrobial agents; Aspergillus fungi, 648, 649, 650–651 Agroterrorism, 692–693 Drug-resistant bacteria AST (aspartate aminotransferase), 304 Aichi virus, 15 Antibodies: fi ve classes of, 35, 36, Attaching and effacing lesions, 159 AIDS (acquired immune defi ciency 43–44; IgA (immunoglobulin A), Attenuated microbes, 40 syndrome): AZT (zidovudine) 35, 36, 44, 151–152, 175, 350, Avian bornaviruses, 15 antiviral for treating, 32, 38, 340– 639; IgD (immunoglobulin D), Avian infl uenza (H5N1), 410, 411, 341, 355, 356; Cryptosporidium parvum 44; IgE (immunoglobulin E), 43; 418–421, 425–426, 469 and, 566, 568, 570–576, 581, 655; IgG (immunoglobulin G), 44, 126, AZT (zidovudine), 32, 38, 48, 340– description of, 14, 336, 338–339; 151–152, 175, 327, 379, 488, 557; 341, 355, 356 diseases associated with, 341–344, IgM (immunoglobulin M), 44, 67, 366, 367–368, 369, 371–372, 382; 327, 379, 513, 548, 557, 575, 639; B treatment, prevention, surveillance limitations of, 47–48; passed by B lymphocytes, 41, 44, 233–234 of, 48, 337, 355–360. See also HIV breastfeeding or placenta, 350, 639. Β-lactamase, 229, 230, 233 (human immunodefi ciencyCOPYRIGHTED virus); See also Immune system MATERIALΒ-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Viral infections Antibody-dependent enhancement 233–234 AIDS dementia, 344 (ADE), 324–326 Babesia species: animal diseases AIDS-associated malignancies, 343 Antigen-presenting cells, 42 caused by, 551–552; B. bovis, 549; AIDS-related complex (ARC), 341 Antigenic drift, 417 B. burgdorferi, 561; B. divergens, 548, Akodon azarae, 279 Antigenic shift, 417 550, 554; B. microti, 548, 550, 554, Alper’s syndrome, 517, 610, 617 Antigenic variation, 417 561; description of, 549, 553–554; Alzheimer’s disease, 625, 627 Antimicrobial agents: Anaplasma diagnosis of, 558; hosts of, 553; Amastigote, 593 phagocytophilum actions blocked by, 84; immune response to, 548, 557; life Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick), description of, 29, 46–48; modes and cycle of, 555–556; transmission of, 65, 81 mechanisms of, 226, 235–236. See also 554–555, 556–557 bbindex.inddindex.indd 772323 221/02/111/02/11 112:102:10 PPMM 724 INDEX Babesiosis: Babesia causation agent endocarditis, 102, 105–106; Oroya Borrelia japonica, 63 of, 548, 549, 550–559; description fever, 100, 101, 111, 112; overview Borellia lonestari, 63 of, 14, 549, 550–552; diagnosis of, of, 98, 109–110; treatment, Borrelia miyamoto, 63 558; history of outbreaks, 549–550; prevention, surveillance of, 98–99, Botulinum toxin, 690–692 immune response to, 548, 557; 111–113; trench fever (quintana Bovine spongiform encephalopathy symptoms of, 548; as tickborne fever), 100, 102, 104, 110, 111 (BSE), 613, 615–616, 618–619, 620. disease, 552; treatment, prevention, Bartonella species: B. bacilliformis, 106; B. See also “Mad cow disease” surveillance of, 549, 558–561 elizabethae, 106, 109; B. henselae, 36, Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, 277, 281 Bacillary angiomatosis (BA), 99, 100, 102, 103–104, 106, 107, Breakbone fever, 319. See also Dengue 100–101, 102, 105, 111 110, 111, 645; B. quintana, 35, 106, fever (DF) Bacillary peliosis hepatis (BP), 105, 111 108–109, 110, 645; HIV-positive Brucellosis, 678–680 Bacillus anthracis, 31, 674, 694 persons and, 343; overview of, 14, 98 Buboes, 672 Bacillus brevis, 47 Basophilic stippling, 101 Bubonic plague (Black death): spread Bacteria: acid-fast, 212; bacteriophages Basophils, 43 and symptoms of, 15–17, 670–672; (viruses) infecting, 31, 149; Baylisascaris, 15 Yersinia pestis causative agent of, 5, description of, 33, 228, 612; Bayou virus, 442 36, 671–674, 694 “fl esh-eating bacteria,” 124; Bcl-2, 376–377 Bunyaviridae family, 439–440 genetic diversity of, 38–39; morula Benign tertian malaria, 532 Burkholderia cepacia, 643 (microcolony) of, 88; obligate Beta-hemolytic growth (GAS Burkholderia mallei, 683–684 aerobes, 212–213; VBNC (viable but bacteria), 133 Burkholderia pseudomallei, 683–684 not able to be cultured), 156. See also Bilirubin, 528 Drug-resistant bacteria; specifi c bacteria Binary fi ssion, 33 C Bacterial infections: Bartonella Biofi lms, 187 CA-MRSA (community-associated infections, 36, 98–113; as Biological and Toxin Weapons MRSA), 231, 232, 240–241 bioterrorism agents, 671–684; Convention (1973), 671 Calomys laucha, 279, 280 digestive tract infections, 644; Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory, Calomys musculinus, 279 Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains, 284, 304, 447, 685 Campylobacter enteritis, 15 139–155; group A streptococci Bioweapons: bacterial, viral, and Campylobacter jejuni, 642 (GAS), 14, 118–135; Helicobacter toxins as, 671–692; categories A, Campylobacter pyloridis, 164. See also pylori, ulcers, and cancer, 14, 33, B, and C, 669–670; characteristics Helicobacter pylori 162–176; human ehrlichiosis, 13, of, 669; history of, 668, 670–671; Campylobacter species, 10, 143, 162 76–78, 87–93; immunosuppression protective vaccines against, 694– Candida albicans, 342, 354, 642 resulting from, 640–641; 695; public health responses to, 668, Candida dubliniensis, 15 Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac 693–694; threat of agroterrorism, Candida species, 648–649, 651 fever, 14, 35, 182–200; Lyme 692–693 Carrión’s disease, 99–100, disease, 13, 33, 35, 57–71, 551, 552; Black Creek Canal virus, 442 101–102, 111 other types of, 644–646; pulmonary Black death. See Bubonic plague Case Western Reserve tuberculosis, 14, 206–220; (Black death) University, 627 respiratory tract infections, 643– Blackwater fever, 529 Caseation, 210 644. See also Drug-resistant bacteria; Blastocystis hominis, 643, 654 Castleman’s disease, 366, 373 Infectious diseases Blood Borne Virus Transmission Risk Cat-scratch disease (CSD), 36, 99, 100, Bacterial resistance genes, 228, Assessment Questionnaire (WHO), 404 102, 103–104, 111 237–238 Blood transfusion HIV Category A HIV infection, 341 Bacteriophages, 31, 149, 228 transmission, 350 Category B HIV infection, 341 Barrett esophagus, 167–168 Bloodstream trypomastigote, 592 Category C HIV infection, 341 Barrier clothing protection, 266, 451 Bluetongue virus, 15 Cavitation, 210 Barrier nursing, 306–307 Bocavirus, 15 CD4 T helper cells: adaptive Bartonella infections: B. henselae Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, 277, 280, immunity and, 41, 42; dendritic (cat-scratch disease), 36, 99, 100, 287–288 cells aiding in infection of, 354–355; 102, 103–104, 106, 107, 110, 111, Bolomys obscurus, 280 drugs that suppress the, 641; innate 645; bacillary angiomatosis (BA), Borrelia afzelii, 63 immune system and, 42–43; STSS 100–101, 102, 105, 111; bacillary Borellia burgdorferi, 33, 35, 57, 58, resulting from overstimulated, peliosis hepatis (BP), 105, 111; 63–66, 78, 551 119, 120, 121, 127; superantigens bartonellosis (Carrión’s disease), Borrelia garinii, 63 stimulating activity of, 130. See also 99–100, 101–102, 111; Borrelia hispanica relapsing fever, 15 specifi c diseases bbindex.inddindex.indd 772424 221/02/111/02/11 112:102:10 PPMM INDEX 725 CD8 T killer cells: adaptive immunity Clostridium diffi cile, 143, 642, 643, 644, DEET, 58, 69–70, 490–493, 560 and, 41–42; drugs that suppress the, 645–646 Defi nitive host, 556 641; HHV-8 genes used to escape Clostridium perfringes, 124 Dematiaceous fungi, 653 death by, 378–379; innate immune Clostridium tetani, 692 Dendritic cells, 354–355 system and, 43; West Nile virus and, Coccidioides immitis, 652–653 Dengue fever (DF): causation of, 321– 488, 489. See also specifi c diseases Collectins, 639 324; description and history of, 10, CDC (Centers for Disease Control Colorado tick fever, 552 14, 314–321, 324–327; treatment, and Prevention): antitrypanosomal Common variable immunodefi ciency, prevention, surveillance of, 327– medications availability through, 640 331. See also Breakbone fever 599; Arbonet Surveillance System Community-associated MRSA (CA- Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF): for West Nile virus by, 493–494; MRSA), 231, 232, 240–241 causation of, 321–324; description Emerging Infections Program Complement cascade, 44 and outbreaks of, 314–321, 324–327; Network of the, 240–241; Emerging Congenital neutropenia, 640 treatment, prevention, surveillance Infectious Diseases by, 15; hepatitis Conjugation, 33, 228 of, 327–331 C surveillance by, 404–405; HIV/ Consumption. See Tuberculosis (TB) Dengue shock syndrome (DSS): AIDS Surveillance Report for 2006 by, Coronaviruses, 461–464, 465 causation of, 314–315, 321–324; 359; Legionella antisera developed by, Corticosteroids, 467, 641 description of, 314–316, 319–321, 195; Legionella longbeachae incidences Coxiella burnetii, 680–681 324–327; treatment, prevention, reported by the, 190; Legionnaires’ Coxsackievirus, 15 surveillance of, 327–331 disease reported to, 200; measures Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD): Dengue virus, 321–324 to control SARS in the U.S.