DYNAMIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR & COMPOSITION 10 Author Krishna Prasad Regmi Edited by Koushalya Gurung Publisher Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal This book belongs to: Name: .............................................................................. Class: ............................................................................... Roll Number: ............................................................................... Address: .............................................................................. Contact Number: ............................................................................... Author : Krishna Prasad Regmi Layout Design : Ram Malakar Copyright © : Publisher New Edition : 2075 Revised Edition: 2077 Publication : Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal Preface Dynamic English Grammar and Composition has been designed according to the new English Curriculum prescribed by the Curriculum Development Centre. The series comprises of ten textbooks from grade one to grade ten. The present book is an amalgamation of survey of rules, structures and forms presented in lucid modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. The aim of this book is to bring about a change in teaching and learning English grammar and composition-a change that will enable the learners to use grammar in context using both inductive and deductive approaches aiming to develop four language skills immensely. Practice in composition tasks will help to develop the learner’s writing skills. It will encourage to writing their own thoughts, ideas and feelings. This new edition contains huge examples and their application to communicative approach that will increase the quality learning of English grammar. It is thought that this change will improve the standard and acceptability of the book and I will consider the attempts fruitful if students find the book fruitful. I have left no stone unturned for the meaningful presentation of subject matter to make it reader friendly. Detailed description of grammatical structures and adequate exercises on them, plenty of guided and free writing composition with enough practice questions, an adequate amount of vocabulary related sections and as much as necessary self study materials have been presented in the following chapters. I am thankful to Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. for their encouragement, co-operation and help in preparing this book. At last, I would like to assure all the concerned teachers, students and readers that constructive comments and suggestions shall be tremendously appreciated and incorporated in the upcoming edition. The Author Test Specification Grid CONTENTSCONTENTS Grammar Articles..............................................8-19 Prepositions...............................20-37 Question Tags...................................38-44 Concord......................................45-56 Sentences Transformation................57-66 Tense..........................................67-87 Reported Speech..............................88-102 Voice..........................................103-116 Connectives......................................117-125 Conditional Sentences...............126-133 Causative Verbs................................134-139 Grammar Type I.........................140-142 Grammar Type II...............................143-147 Guided Writing Instructions......................................148-149 Obligations and Prohibitions......150-151 Posters..............................................152-152 Post Cards..................................153-154 Advertisements ................................155-156 Message of Condolence.............157-158 Messages of Congratulations...........159-160 Invitation Card............................161-162 Writing Menus..................................163-163 Interpretation of Charts.............164-167 Story Writing.....................................168-173 Writing News Story....................174-177 Paragraph Writing.............................178-180 Free Writing Letter Writing................ ...................181-191 Writing an Email........................192-195 Essay Writing................. ...................196-203 Writing Newspaper Article........204-204 Writing Reviews................................205-206 Writing Leaflet /Brochure..........207-208 Writing Dialogue..............................209-212 Writing Views and Attitudes......213-214 Seen Text........................................215-274 Unseen Text...................................275-308 English Confusables...................339-339 Listening.........................................309-311 Model Question.........................340-344 Speaking.........................................312-319 Synonyms.......................................320-322 Antonyms.......................................323-324 Irregular Verbs...............................325-327 Regular Verbs................................328-330 Glossary.........................................331-338 Test Specification Grid Compulsory English Full Marks: 100 Theory: 75 Practical: 25 The Secondary Level Compulsory English Curriculum is based on language skills and aspects. Unlike the grids of other core subjects, language skills are considered as different areas of learning. The examination specification grid of this course reflects the assessment part of the curriculum. It assists test item developers to design valid test items that will measure the attainment of the learning outcomes set in the curriculum. It also gives the type and number of test items required to measure a particular skill. Twenty five percent weightage is allocated for listening and speaking skills which are tested conducting practical tests. Forty percent weightage is allocated for reading, and thirty five percent weightage is allocated for writing. The language functions are tested under speaking, grammar is tested within writing, and vocabulary is tested within reading. For the students with visual, speech and hearing difficulties, alternative testing devices are used. Competence Level (Knowledge/Understanding) and Performance Level (Practical Abilities) Listening : 10 Marks Speaking : 15 Marks Time: 20 Minutes Time: 15 Minutes Type of Test items Type of Test items 1. Multiple choice with answers or pictures Each student at the beginning of speaking test 2. Fill in the blanks should be asked some very general questions 3. Ordering to make the students feel comfortable. The 4. Matching following types of test items will be used to Short answer questions (Items should be prepared assess the speaking skill: in such a way that the answers can be given in not 1. General interview (3 marks) more than 4 words and it should be stated in the (Ask any three questions on personal/ instruction with an example.) common/familiar topics.) Materials 2. Cued situation (4 marks) Sound Files (Give students at least two cued situation so that they will speak at least two sentences Interviews, conversations, short discussions/talks, each using appropriate language functions/ adverts/commercials, reports, announcements, structures.) news, detailed directions, stories, operating 3. Speaking on a given topic (4 marks) instructions, messages, weather forecast, personal (Give a topic to the students, give them some profiles, short narratives, recorded or broadcast time to think, and ask them to speak on the audio material same.) Note: The sound files should be authentic and clearly 4. Describing pictures, charts, maps, tables, articulated with average speed of delivery. etc. OR, Narrating a sequence of events (4 Number of Sound Files marks) Three sound files carrying 4, 4, and 2 marks (Ask any one question where students are respectively will be used and the last sound file will required to speak at least 8 sentences.) be used to test sounds, stress and intonation. For the students with visual difficulties give Length of the Sound File them the same three test items mentioned Maximum three minutes above, i.e. general interview, cued situation Total Number of Test Items: 10 and speaking on a given topic. But instead of Weighting per Item: 1 describing pictures, charts maps, tables, etc. For the students with speech and hearing difficulties ask them to narrate a sequence of events or any two of the following types of question can be to tell a story that they have heard, read or asked each containing five marks: created. For the students with speech and 1. Paragraph writing hearing difficulties, give them an unseen 2. Picture describing comprehension passage carrying 15 marks. 3. Dialogue writing Time: 10-15 minutes per students 4. Developing a story from the given outlines For students with visual difficulties For students with visual difficulties , listening Interview: 3 marks questions designed for all students will be Verbal response on a given situation:4 marks provided. Speak on a given topic:8 marks Reading : 40 Marks Writing: 35 Marks Time: 1:15 Hours Time: 1 Hour Number of Texts 1. Guided writing (I) (1x 5 = 5 Marks) 1. Two seen texts-(5+10)=15 Areas to be covered: directions, instructions, obligations 2. Two unseen texts-(10+15)=25 and prohibitions, posters, electronic text messages, Question Types: post cards, advertisements, messages of condolence, 1. Multiple Choice messages of congratulations, menus, recipes. 2. Sequencing (Ask one question from one of the above areas with 3. Fill in the gaps (without choices) sufficient guideline. Word limit for this writing will be 75 4. Multiple