A ll Right s Reserved - R U TH W ELL CR OSS FR OM SOU TH EA ST . , THE ' ’ Photo ra h b M r J M o h o A n ti uarze s o Scotlan d. C . on t meme Fellow o t e Soc iet g p y g , f y f q f Fron tiSpi WITH A SHORT HISTORY OF THE CROSS A ND CRUCIFIX IN SCOTLAND D D . FELL W THE S IE Y I U A RIE A M . T NT S T N A . O OF OC OF A Q OF SC O L D E D l TOB OF T H E WOR KS OF N IN IAN w mz m'r ; “ ” “ A UTH OR OF T H E ISLE OF BUTE IN TH E OLD EN TIME TH E COVE NA NTE RS , , ” ” TH E NT G E G H C OU Y O RAP Y OF D UM FRIESSHIBE, m o. LASG W : H N MITH O J S S N LTD . G O O , 1 9 1 4 D E D IC A TE D JOH N CUNINGHAME MONTGOMER IE E SQ UIRE O F D ALM OBE C O MPAN I O N D URIN G MAN Y PILGBIMA GE S T O T HE B UNI O B OO D S O F R UTHWELL A N D BEWCASTLE PR E FA C E VE N ER ATI ON for t he Runic Roods and a grat e ful inte re st in my native shire Of D umfrie s have impe lle d m e to write this history Of t he st ate ly Cross e re -e e e in t he P Of e t he of Ruthw ll , now r ct d with arish Church Ruthw ll , in Of D e an Of t he ll a county umfri s , and to conjoin with it account twin pi r r t he e e e a . which ado ns parish churchyard of B wcastl , in Cumb rl nd The supe rb phot ographs Of the se t wo re markable monume nts which h Of Mr M e mbe llish this volume are t he artistic work and t e gift J . C . ont o m ri Of D T e e sub se e e e . O t h e e e g almor him , not e pr s nt writ r only , but v ry e e e b e e t he ee e O i a qu nt stud nt in this subj ct , will und r d p st bl g tions for his n n e I a Mr i fi it trouble in procuring such maste rpie ce s . wish to th nk Ruthe rford Of Jardingt o n for t he use Of an e arly photograph Of Ruthwe ll e t he O air Sir D F a Ke w a e Cross whil it stood in pe n avid r in , , for assist nc in n e nde avouring to name t he flowe rs c arve d upon both monume ts ; G . N . P n F - P h a a e D l k S. A Of t e e . e e Count lu tt , Vic resid nt Roy l Ac d my , ub in R a d h R v . e v . Ge e e Of e e n t e e . org York , forme rly Re ctor B wcastl ; J L D M A Pa M a e . ni Of R e e e inwiddi , , rish i st e r uthw ll , for many faciliti s gr nt d for pe rsonal e xamination of t he crosse s unde r the ir charge t he D e an and Chapte r Of D ur ham for t he use Of illustrations Of re lics in t he C athe dral Me 85 e s e e Library ssrs W . R . Chambe rs , Ltd . , for p rmi sion to r produc from ’ ’ Chamb ers s Encc Opoedia Canon T aylor s table Of ru ne s on Be wcastle Cross Mr H D H M l h s . e e an d Mr H e t e u e O f . ood , ros , John Gibson , xham , for M D s D mf r h r Mr . e D l . t e photographs ; John Taylor , ub in , J W od , u i s , Mi e Mo nt o m e rie D e an d Mrs D e e ss s g , almor , inwiddi , Ruthw ll , for kind e e e e e ie h lp fr qu ntly giv n in the s stud s . V1 ! THE RUNIC R OODS OF RUTHWELL AND BEWCASTLE l] B D I T h R v . e O t . e e t e e e Jos ph Trai , , Roth say , am much ind b d for h e a an d an d a ns a t e . re ding m nuscript proofs , for many v luabl sugge stio Study for this book h as give n m e an e xquisite ple asure on account Of t h e a a t h e e Of a a e f ct th t , through court sy librari ns in London , O xford , L mb th , an d D i I w as e e e e ubl n , p rmitt d to handl and consult such pr cious Anglo ' a H - a M a The Lind s rn e Gos els The S e S e SS. s t a xon , ib rno xon , and oth r f p , ' A lcuzn Bible The M acR e ol Gos els The M acD urn an Gos els Kin E thel , g p , p , g ’ ’ stan s Psalter ueen M ar aret s Gos el - Book The Book o B urrow an d e , Q g p , f , oth r r e a e lib ary tr sur s . M I JA ES KING H EW SON . F 1 14 R OTHESAY, ebruary 9 . C ON TE N T S CHAPTER I — IN TR OD UCTOR Y A SH ORT HISTOR Y O F THE CRO SS A N D CRUC IFI x I N SC OTLA ND CHAPTER II SITES : TRA D ITI ONS : EMERGEN C E INTO HISTO RY a i n Run e -in m n ume n s at Ru e ll an d B as l T adi i ns Loc t o of scribed o t thw e wc t e . r t o Eme rgen ce in to history of R uthwe ll Cross ; it s de molition ; re storation as an ” an i n m num n Eme e n e in is Be as le Ob e lisk c e t o e t. rg c to h tory of wc t . CHAPTER III DE SC RIPTI ONS O F RUTHWELL CRO SS A N D O F B EW C ASTLE OBELISK O R CR O SS I De s i i n R u e ll C ss measu e me nt s d e s i t i n ane ls s ul u e La in . cr pt o of thw ro ; r , cr p o of p , c pt r , t - n n an d R un ic in sc ription s ; t he whee l head Sa dsto e . II . De s i t i n Be as le Obe lisk measu e me n s de s i t i n Of an els s ul u e Run i cr p o of wc t ; r t , cr p o p , c pt r , c i i n s an d in scr pt o ; S stone . CHAPTER IV THE IN SCRI PT IO NS - The La in n Le e s . I . t Saxo tt r II. The R un e s . An lian an Hi be n ian R un e s e tc . g , M x, r , h - md m 1 The R un e s On R u e ll C ss . u od R un es on t e ss e ad . The C on . thw ro t cro h ’ ” di m n D e am t h The al ea n . Ke b le s e e e e to The e R d . Di e t r g r f r c r of oo c . - 2 The R une s on as le Ob e lisk. The l st ss e ad an it s R une s . Va i us . Be wc t o cro h d r o eadin s an d e sul m a is n . The is i a l e s n a e s alle ed t o b e r g , r t of co p r o h tor c p r o g g mm e m a co or ted . CHAPTER V THE SC ULPTUR E ON BOTH MO N UMEN TS m i F lia l l e e a e ns. 3 . e us s u t u e . G o tr c p tt r o c o c p r 2 In e a e n s . t rlace d p tt r . CHAPTER VI SY MBOLS A N D DO CT RIN E ss mb ia 7 . The is l The C . Fi s ss in N u C .