Improving Resilience in Mixed Farming Systems to Pending Climate Change in Far Western Nepal Participatory Rural Appraisal Report Helen Keller International September 2013 Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER-ONE ................................................................................................................................. 9 1. Introduction / Background to PRA .............................................................................. 9 2. Objectives and Research Questions ........................................................................... 10 2.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 Objective ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Specific Objectives .................................................................................................................................................................. 10 2.1.3 Research Questions ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 3. Methodologies and Procedures ................................................................................... 11 3.1 Study Sites ................................................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.1 Selection of PRA VDCs ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 Selection of clusters ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 Population Trend of the District and Study Area ...................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Target Population and the Participants ........................................................................................ 13 3.2.1 Target Population ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Participants ..................................................................................................... 13 3.2.3 How Participants Were Identified and Approached ................................................................................................ 13 3.2.4 Numbers of participants: ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 PRA Training ............................................................................................................................................ 13 3.4 Data Collection ......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.5 PRA Process.............................................................................................................................................. 14 3.6 Development of PRA Handbook........................................................................................................ 17 3.7 PRA Tools .................................................................................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER-TWO .............................................................................................................................. 19 4. Analysis of PRA Findings of Participating Clusters ............................................. 19 4.1 Social Resource Map ............................................................................................................................. 20 4.2 Transect Walk ......................................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 Farm Sketches .......................................................................................................................................... 25 4.4 DAG Mapping ............................................................................................................................................ 26 4.5 Livelihoods Mapping .............................................................................................................................. 28 4.6 Gender Daily Calendar .......................................................................................................................... 29 2 4.7 Historical Timelines .............................................................................................................................. 30 4.7.1 Common findings of all four clusters .............................................................................................................................. 30 4.7.2 Cluster specific key findings ............................................................................................................................................... 31 4.8 Seasonal Farming Calendar ................................................................................................................. 33 4.8.1 Schedule of farming ................................................................................................................................................................ 33 4.8.2 Weather and Influences ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 4.8.3 Impact of climate change ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 4.8.4 Seasonal diseases .................................................................................................................................................................... 34 4.8.3 Main Festivals ........................................................................................................................................................................... 35 4.9 Stakeholders/Institutional Analysis ................................................................................................ 35 4.10 Focus Group Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 37 4.10.1 Awareness and understanding on climate change issue ................................................................................... 37 4. 10. 2 Impact of climate change and mitigation and adaptation options .............................................................. 38 CHAPTER-THREE .......................................................................................................................... 40 5. Priority Problems and Opportunities ....................................................................... 40 5.1 Process of Ranking Problems and Opportunities ...................................................................... 40 5.1.1 Initial Ranking ......................................................................................................................................................................... 40 5.1.2 Critique on the Initial Ranking ......................................................................................................................................... 40 5.1.3 Final Ranking of Priority Problems and Solutions .................................................................................................. 41 5.2 The Top-four Common Problems and Opportunities ............................................................... 42 6. Community Resource Management Plan (CRMP) ................................................ 44 CHAPTER-FOUR ............................................................................................................................. 46 7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 46 8. Recommendations: The Way Forward ..................................................................... 48 8.1 Recommendation to the Community ............................................................................................... 48 8.2 Recommendation to the HKI .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.3 Overall recommendations ................................................................................................................... 48 9. Annexes ................................................................................................................................ 49 9.1 Some Social Resource Maps ..................................................................................................................................................