“Wise Cities” in the Mediterranean? Challenges of Urban Sustainability Eckart Woertz (ed.) “Wise Cities” in the Mediterranean? Challenges of Urban Sustainability Eckart Woertz (ed.) @2018 CIDOB This publication has been produced with the support of Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS).The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Sciences Po and CIDOB and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of KFAS. CIDOB edicions Elisabets, 12 08001 Barcelona Tel.: 933 026 495 www.cidob.org [email protected] Cover photography: Jose Mª Izquierdo Galiot https://www.flickr.com/photos/mypoorbrain Printing: Book-Print S.A. ISBN: 978-84-92511-57-0 Legal deposit: B 17376-2018 Barcelona, June 2018 CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS 5 INTRODUCTION: “WISE CITIES” IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 11 Eckart Woertz CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 23 Wise Cities in the Mediterranean: Conceptual Framework and Cases Josep M. Coll .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Obsolete Romanticism and the Postmodern Transformation of Urban Cultures and Traditions in Mediterranean Medinas Anton Escher and Marie Karner ............................................................................................. 35 Localising the Next Wise Cities in the Mediterranean: The Multilevel Challenges of MENA’s Emerging Urban Region Borja M. Iglesias .................................................................................................................................. 53 “Wise Cities” in the Mediterranean? Challenges for Education and Integration Wolfgang Schuster ........................................................................................................................... 71 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 81 Environmental and Urban Security Risks: The Looming Symbiotic Crises of the Mediterranean Rim Cities James A. Russell .................................................................................................................................. 83 Energy Transition and Urban Governance in the Arab World Eric Verdeil ............................................................................................................................................... 93 How can Regional Cooperation in the Mediterranean Support Cities’ Energy Transition Efforts? Olgu Okumus ..................................................................................................................................... 103 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY 113 Runaway Urbanisation in Tunis: Rethinking the Territorial Box of the Metropolis Max Ajl .................................................................................................................................................... 115 Mediterranean Cities and Vertical Farming: Fostering Sustainable Local Food Production and Building Neighbourhood Esprit de Corps Joel L. Cuello ....................................................................................................................................... 123 Informal Settlement Dwellers in Algeria: How Local Initiatives and Practices Contribute to Improving their Living Conditions Farida Naceur and Fatiha Belmessous ............................................................................ 133 Alexandria: Development Challenges of a Coastal Second City Azza Sirry .............................................................................................................................................. 145 ECONOMIC ISSUES 159 Tourism, Place-Making and Urban Transformations in Barcelona and Beirut Waleed Hazbun ................................................................................................................................ 161 The New Cairo Wastewater Treatment Plant (Egypt) Miquel Rodríguez Planas .......................................................................................................... 173 From Farm to Landfill: How Rome Tackles its Food Waste Daniele Fattibene ............................................................................................................................ 187 BEYOND THE MEDITERRANEAN: THE GULF AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 199 Urban Sprawl and Politics in Saudi Arabia Pascal Menoret ................................................................................................................................. 201 The Aftermath of a Masterplan for Kuwait: An Exploration of the Forces that Shape Kuwait City Sharifah Alshalfan .......................................................................................................................... 211 Jeddah: A “Wise Old City” Facing the Challenges of Urban Requalification? Elena Maestri ..................................................................................................................................... 225 Sub-Saharan Africa’s Urban Transition Julia Bello-Schünemann ............................................................................................................. 237 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Max Ajl is doctoral student in the Department of Development Sociology at Cornell University. His work contributes to the study of historical sociology, environmental justice, agrarian change, planning, and heterodox Arab/North African social thought. His research is focused on the MENA region and Tunisia in particular. Mr. Ajl’s dissertation is a history of modern Tunisia, focused on the social and ecological origins of underdevelopment and the trajectory of post-colonial planning. He is an editor at Jadaliyya and Viewpoint. Sharifa Alshalfan is an urban researcher and consultant. She currently leads the Spaces of Living project at LSE Kuwait as a Visiting Fellow, as well as consulting on land management with the World Bank. Her research interests include land-use policies and urban governance with a focus on housing in the GCC states. She has a particular interest in the housing welfare system in Kuwait and its urban and social effects on the country. She holds a Bachelor in Architecture from the University of Southern California and an MSc in City Design and Social Science from London School of Economics. Julia Bello-Schünemann is Senior Research Consultant for the African Futures and Innovation Programme at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in Pretoria and a Senior Associate Consultant for Good Governance Africa. She is based in Lagos, Nigeria, and her current research focuses on long-term trends in Sub-Saharan Africa, including urbanisation, demographics, development and violence. Before joining ISS, Bello-Schüneman was a consultant working on state building, conflict prevention and early warning, providing policy advice to the European Union (EU) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), among others. Bello-Schünemann has a PhD in international relations from Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Fatiha Belmessous is a researcher at the University of Lyon, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État (ENTPE), CNRS and UMR 5600 “Environment City Society” (EVS). She currently supervises a global and multidisciplinary research project (spanning from 2018-2020) on urban informality in the metropolises of Lyon and Barcelona, and participates in a dialogue initiative between global South countries (Algeria, Brazil, Mexico) and global North countries (France, Spain). Josep Coll is Associate Professor and Director of the Master in Sustainable Business and Innovation at EADA Business School. He is a Senior Research Associate at CIDOB (Barcelona Center for International Affairs), where he created and leads the “Wise Cities” program. He also serves as an international development consultant for the European Commission and the United Nations. He is a Visiting Professor at Yonsei University in South Korea and Universidad Anahuac in Mexico. He is the author of the books “Zen Business” and “Economics of Happiness” 5 2018 (Spanish editions). He regularly speaks at the Smart City Expo & World Congress about urban development as well as in other international congresses. Joel L. Cuello is Professor of Biosystems Engineering and Director of the Global Initiative for Strategic Agriculture in Dry Lands (GISAD) at The University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, USA. He is a globally recognized expert in the engineering of sustainable biological and agricultural systems, emphasizing on optimizing productivities and performance while fostering resource sustainability and environmental protection. Prof. Cuello earned his graduate degrees from the Pennsylvania State University and conducted his postdoctoral research in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System Division at NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center. He holds a number of patents on bioreactors and vertical farming cultivation systems, and serves as current President of the Philippine American Academy of Science and Engineering. Anton Escher is Professor of Cultural Geography at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. After obtaining his PhD at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg in 1985, he qualified as Professor in 1990 with his habilitation thesis on social-geographical aspects of spatial development processes in Syria. This was followed by various positions as assistant and temporary professor at the universities of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Berlin and Mainz. Since 1996, Dr. Escher is full professor at the Institute of Geography at Mainz. Currently, he is Managing Director of the Institute of Geography and Director of the Center for Intercultural Studies (ZIS). He is a member of the