Excerpts from the Israel Country Reader (The complete Reader, more than 1400 pages in length, is available for purchase by contacting [email protected].) ISRAEL COUNTRY READER TA LE OF CONTENTS raser Wilkins Recognition of Israel Wells Stabler 1944-1950 (ice Consul, Jerusalem 1950-1953 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C 1951-1920 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C William C. ,urdett 1948-1950 (ice Consul, Jerusalem ,ilha ,ryant 1949-1959 Israeli Citi4en, 5aifa 0aniel Oliver Newberry 1949-1951 (ice Consul, Jerusalem 5arry leischman 1950 Jewish 8abor Committee .dward Warren 5olmes 1950-1952 Consular/Political Officer, Tel Aviv Wilbur P. Chase 1951-1955 Principal Officer, 5aifa Richard ,. Parker 1951-1953 Consul General, Jerusalem 1951-1959 0esk Officer for Jordan, Israel, and Iraq, Washington, 0C 5arry I. Odell 1952-1954 Consular Officer, 5aifa Margaret (. Taylor 1953 Information Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv Margaret 8. Plunkett 1953-1954 8abor Adviser, Technical Aid Mission, Tel Aviv Slator Clay ,lackiston, Jr. 1953-1952 Political Officer, Jerusalem 1952-1951 0esk Officer for Jordan and Israel, Washington, 0C .ugene 5. ,ird 1955 Israel-Jordan 0esk, Washington, 0C 1952-1958 (ice Consul, Jerusalem 5arriet Curry 1952-1958 Secretary to the Ambassador, Tel Aviv Joseph Walter Neubert 1952-1958 Political Officer, Tel Aviv Alfred 5. Moses 1952-1980 8awyer, Covington & ,urling, Washington, 0C (ictor Skiles 1958-1959 0eputy Mission 0irector, USAI0, Tel Aviv Michael 5. Newlin 1958-1923 United Nations Affairs, IO, Washington, 0C Murat Williams 1959-1921 0eputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv ,ilha ,ryant 1920-1923 Israeli Cultural AttachA, The 5ague Andrew I. Billgore 1921-1925 0esk Officer, Washington, 0C Stephen .. Palmer, Jr. 1923-1922 Chief, Political Section, Tel Aviv George 8ambrakis 1923-1922 Political Officer, Tel Aviv Thomas 8. 5ughes 1923-1929 0irector, ,ureau of Intelligence & Research, Washington, 0C Michael .. Sterner 1924-1922 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C William N. 0ale 1924-1928 0eputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv James 5. ,ahti 1924-1910 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C Mark C. 8issfelt 1925-1921 Staff Aide/Commercial Officer, Tel Aviv Arthur J. Goldberg 1925-1928 Ambassador, United Nations, New Cork Anthony J. Perna 1925-1929 Air AttachA, Tel Aviv 0avid A. Born 1925-1921 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C 1921-1911 Political Officer, Tel Aviv 1912-1915 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C 1918-1982 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C Arnold Schifferdecker 1922-1928 Staff Aide, Tel Aviv .dward Gibson 8anpher 1921-1929 Rotation Officer, Tel Aviv Benneth A. Stammerman 1921-1929 Rotation Officer, Tel Aviv Teresita C. Schaffer 1921-1929 Rotation Officer, Tel Aviv Margaret 8. Plunkett 1921-1912 8abor AttachA, Tel Aviv Miles S. Pendleton Jr. 1928-1910 Consular Office, Staff Assistant, Tel Aviv Terrence Catherman 1928-1910 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv Margaret J. ,arnhart 1928-1910 Consular Officer, Jerusalem Wat T. Cluverius, I( 1929-1911 .con-AI0 Officer, Tel Aviv Richard McCoy 1929-1911 Consular Officer, Tel Aviv Mark C. 8issfelt 1929-1911 Israeli 0esk Officer, Washington, 0C Thomas ,. Billeen 1910-1911 Consular Officer, Tel Aviv Walter ,. Smith, II 1910 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C 1911-1914 Chief, Political Section, Tel Aviv 1914-1918 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C Cliff orster 1911-1913 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv John 5. Adams 1911-1912 Consular Officer, Tel Aviv Arthur R. 0ay 1912 1915 Consul General, Jerusalem .dward G. Abington 1912-1915 Political Officer, Tel Aviv ,etty Jane Jones 1913-1912 0eputy Consul General, Jerusalem Nicholas A. (eliotes 1913-1915 0eputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv 1911-1918 ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C 0ean Rust 1914-1912 Staff Assistant to 0irector red Ikle, AC0A, Washington, 0C Malcolm Toon 1915-1912 Ambassador, Israel Thomas J. 0unnigan 1915-1911 0eputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv .dward G. Abington 1915-1911 Staff Aide to Assistant Secretary, ,ureau of Near .astern Affairs, Washington, 0C George .. 8ichtblau 1915-1918 8abor AttachA, Tel Aviv .dmund James 5ull 1915-1919 Political Officer, Jerusalem Michael Newlin 1915-1980 Consul General, Jerusalem Michael G. Newlin 1912-1918 Israeli-Arab Affairs, Washington, 0C Owen W. Roberts 1912-1919 Sinai ield Mission, Sinai Michael .. Sterner 1912-1919 0eputy Assistant Secretary, ,ureau of Near .ast Affairs, Washington, 0C 0onald A. Bruse 1912-1980 0eputy Principal Officer, Jerusalem C. William Bontos 1912-1980 0irector, Sinai Support Mission, Washington, 0C Gilbert 0. Bulick 1912-1918 Israeli 0esk, Office of Israel and Arab- Israel Affairs, Washington, 0C 1918-1981 0eputy Political Counselor, Tel Aviv 1981-1982 Sinai Planning Group, Washington, 0C Arthur A. 5oughton III 1911-1918 0eputy 0irector, Office of Arab-Israel Affairs, Washington, 0C Samuel . 5art 1911-1980 .conomic and Commercial Counselor, Tel Aviv 0avid I. 5itchcock, Jr. 1911-1981 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv Richard N. (iets 1911-1919 0eputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv 1981-1984 Ambassador, Jordan Samuel W. 8ewis 1911-1984 Ambassador, Israel James 5. ,ahti 1918-1919 Sinai ield Mission, Sinai Benton W. Beith 1918-1980 Special Assistant to 0eputy 0irector, USIA, Washington, 0C Sally Grooms Cowal 1918-1982 Cultural Affairs Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv 8eon Weintraub 1919-1980 5ebrew 8anguage Training, oreign Service Institute, Washington, 0C 1980-1982 Consular Officer, Tel Aviv William Jeffras 0ieterich 1919-1982 Press AttachA, USIS, Tel Aviv William Andreas ,rown 1919-1982 0eputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv Robert W. 0uemling 1980-1982 Sinai ield Mission, Sinai 0avid N. Greenlee 1980-1982 Political Officer, Tel Aviv Thomas Macklin, Jr. 1980-1982 Personnel Officer, Tel Aviv ,randon Grove 1980-1983 Consul General, Jerusalem Maurice .. 8ee 1981-1988 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv Richard M. airbanks, III 1982-1983 Special Negotiator for the Middle .ast, Washington, 0C Arthur S. ,erger 1982-1982 .mbassy Spokesman, Tel Aviv 0avid M. .vans 1982-1982 Political Advisor to Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval orces in .urope, 8ondon, .ngland Robert ,. Petersen 1982-1982 Cultural Affairs Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv Wat T. Cluverius, I( 1983-1985 Consul General, Jerusalem Sally Grooms Cowal 1983-1985 USUN, 0eputy Political Counselor, New Cork City Benton W. Beith 1983-1985 USIA, 0eputy 0irector for Near .ast and South Asia, Washington, 0C 0ouglas R. Beene 1983-1982 0eputy Principal OfficerD Jerusalem Joseph G. Sullivan 1984-1988 0eputy Political Counselor, Tel Aviv James .. Taylor 1984-1988 Political/Military Officer, Tel Aviv 8ouise Taylor 1984-1988 Cultural Affairs Officer, USIS, Tel Aviv Wayne 8eininger 1984-1988 Consul General, Tel Aviv Morris 0raper 1982-1988 Consul General, Jerusalem Paul 5. Tyson 1985-1982 Sinai Multi-National orce & Observer Mission, .l Gorah, Sinai Roger G. 5arrison 1985-1981 Political Counselor, Tel Aviv 8eon Weintraub 1982-1988 Israeli Analyst, ,ureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, 0C Arthur 5. 5ughes 1982-1989 0eputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv William A. Pierce 1981-1989 0eputy Public Affairs Officer, N.A ,ureau, Washington, 0C Phillip C. WilcoE, Jr. 1988-1991 Consul General, Jerusalem William Andreas ,rown 1988-1992 Ambassador, Israel Richard T. McCormack 1989-1991 Undersecretary of State for .conomic Affairs, Washington, 0C Charlotte Roe 1989-1991 8abor AttachA, Tel Aviv 5enry 8. Clarke 1989-1992 .conomic Counselor, Tel Aviv 0avid Winn 1989-1992 0eputy Consul General, Jerusalem Mike Metrinko 1989-1993 Consul General, Tel Aviv William C. 5arrop 1992-1993 Ambassador, Israel Joseph G. Sullivan 1991-1998 Co-Chairman, Israel-8ebanon Monitoring Group, Washington, 0C FRASER WILKINS Recognition of Israel Ambassador Wilkins was born and raised in Nebraska and educated at Yale University. He entered the Foreign Service in 1 40, where he became a specialist in Middle East Affairs. His overseas posts include Halifa(, Baghdad, Tangier, New Delhi and Teheran, where he served as Minister,Counselor. In his several assignments in the Department of State in Washington, Mr. Wilkins dealt with Middle East matters. He also served on the Policy Planning Staff and as Inspector 0eneral of the Department. In 1 10 he was appointed Ambassador to Cyprus, where he served until 1 14. Ambassador Wilkins was interviewed by Peter Jessup in 1 88. 45 You were saying that 6 which raises a point which we might get to when we talk about Palestine 6 that a political appointee 7uite often has the ear of the President, or certainly the White House. That brings up the 7uestion of who spoke to the President last8 And in your e(perience on the Palestine business, and the recognition of the independence of Israel, wouldn9t you say that who spoke to the President last- - such as Clark Clifford, and so forth, with President Truman 6 that had a bigger impact than people who didn9t have that access8 WI8BINS: ThereGs a simple answer to that, and itGs yesH I will eEplain if you want me to. ItGs a rather long story. 45 We9re wandering around and I did have the opportunity to read some of your e(cellent work you did with the MacKenzie 6 of the Truman Library. After studying that it raised certain 7uestions. One of which is5 you were asked what could have been done that was different8 And your answer was that we could have been more closely in touch with the British, in the days before independence of Israel. WI8BINS: ,efore they referred it to the U.N. in 1941I 45 Yes. Could you amplify on that8 WI8BINS: Well, I would amplify this way. After the Anglo-American Committee Report. I only returned to the 0epartment in 0ecember 1942, when Secretary ,urns was in charge, and he left shortly thereafter. As I recall, he had not been on good relations with Prime Minister ,evin, in 8ondon. Ibis was all during that very active period, you know, when there were troubles Iran in 1942 J in A4erbaijan J and the ,ritish were facing difficult political and military situations in Greece and Turkey.