THE FASTI OF OVID MACMILLAN AND CO.; Limited LONDON . BOMBAY . CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK . BOSTON . CHICAGO ATLANTA . SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd, TORONTO , Qu'lRIl' THE FASTI OF OVID EDITED WITH XOTES AXD IXDICES BY G. H. HALLAM, M.A. LATE FELLOW OF ST. JOHN 3 COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE ASSISTANT MASTER AT HARROW MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1909 ^^«liilM»%. ^A c I u jl^ % A P I t"o L Jup.Tonans,^ />^-'^ # w^no ^ <\ \./Ergfitna Juno SZJSeffina THE FASTI OF OVID EDITED WITH XOTES AXD IXDICES BY G. H. HALLAM, M.A. LATE FELLOW OF ST. JOHN S COLLEGE, CAMBIIICGE ASSISTANT MASTER AT HARROW MACMTLLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1909 /^yn^ KicHAED Clay and Sons, Limited, BREAD STREET UILL, E.C., AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK. Fir&t pnnted 1881. lieprinLd 1SS2, 1SS4, 1886, 1888, 1801, 1893, 18&<3, 1899, 1902, 1904, 1906, 1909. — — H MAIIJ CONTENTS. PAGE Preface vii LvTRODrcTioxs : § 1. Ovid's Life and Works xi § 2. The Fasti, and its Revision xv § 3. Authorities and Models xviii § 4. Ovid's Astronomy : the Zodiac xx : § 5. The Roman Calendar —Year, Months, Days : Dates in Latin xx ' § 6. Modern parallels to Roman Usages .... xxiii § 7. Comparative Philology : Latin and Greek . xxiv § 8. Genealogies xxvii § 9. References to Frazer's Golden Bough . xxviii Text 1 Notes 183 Grammatical Aptendices 327 General Index to the Notes 337 Index of Proper Names 344 MAPS. I. Central Rome as it Appears in the Fasti {fron- tispiece). TL The Rome of Ovid's Fasti (Supplementary) {(o face p. 1). 37C4'31 ; PREFACE. This book owes its birth to the suggestion of colleagues at Harrow, where the Fasti has long been used in all the middle part of the school, though it has been felt that no existing edition, whatever its merits, quite met our requirements. In spite of this draw- back the Fasti has held its place both here and at my own old school, Shrewsbury, and in my opinion there are few books more useful for a young scholar it has so many pegs on which teaching of all kinds may be hung. For while it is true that a learner may have too much done for him, and while ^'t is often best that he should work his way, without help (except that of his dictionary or vocabulary) through construing which is well within his reach, still he should have one or two books also of another kind, which require getting up, and from which he may gain information as well as mental training. I hope and believe that I have not made the way too easy, though much annotation was necessary. If 1 have failed to hit the mark, it is not for want of experience, both as a boy at school, who struggled s viii PREFACE. unassisted with the Fasti years ago, and as a teacher of it for the last ten years at Harrow. Grammatical difficulties I have never slurred over, remembering one golden rule of my own school days, " Never dare to paraphrase unless you are able to give a literal construe." At the same time I have aimed at making the notes interesting from various points of view. Wherever it could be done with advantage, references have been given to the little pictures, as well as to the text, of Dr. Smith's small Roman History, sometimes to Dean lAdidiQW s Student' Rome. The two maps, especially the larger one, will I hope be very useful. Recognising the growing importance of the subject, I have given in a short Introduction (§ 7) and in the Notes, a good deal of philological matter. Mythology and antiquities of course hold an important place. One further difficulty to be faced was the question of expurgation. Taking the bull by the horns, I have cut out all passages unfit for a boy to read, and renumbered all the lines in text and references, and it seemed best not to put the old numbering side by side with the new, except in the Grammatical Appendices.^ It has been necessary to alter the text, though very slightly, in about six places. Some difficulties which might have arisen from the new numbering will perhaps be met by the copious Index, and by the headings introduced into the text,—which latter will ^ The ordinary numbering is indicated by squti"U brackets [ ]• PREFACE. IX also be found convenient by versifiers as making fountains of inspiration more accessible. Though the book is primarily written for rather young boys, it will also I think be found serviceable by older readers. Acting on a hint of Professor J. E. B. Mayor's, I have brought together in the Appendices a number of passages from the Fasti which illustrate some of the less common construc- tions and grammatical usages occurring in it. The Index will supply many more. The book has no pretensions to the higher scholar- ship and criticism. I have collated no MSS., nor have I gone minutely into the question of texts, being content, except here and there, to follow Merkel, whose mine of learning I have explored and worked. I have also had at hand Gierig's, Keightley's, and Pro- fessor Paley's editions, as well as Professor Eamsay's Selections from Ovid. In the matter of topography I have followed Mr. Burn. It is a pleasant duty to pay my best thanks to an old friend and schoolfellow, the Kev. G. T. Hall, Second Master of Shrewsbury School, who with a disinterestedness which is characteristic of him, put at my service a careful and well arranged commentary which he had already written to several of the books, and by the help of which my labours have been light- ened ; to my colleague, Mr. H. 0. D. Davidson, who helped me to correct the proofs, and to prepare the Index; to the Rev. Dr. Butler, Head Master of Han'ow, for one piece of research, as well as f'oneral X PREFACE. encouragement ; not least to my old master, Professor Kennedy, for indirect help, of which he himself has been unconscious. I have habitually used his Latin Gramma/r and Primer, besides making frequent refer- ences to the latter throughout the Notes. And may I add that the grateful remembrance of his teaching has been very often present to me in preparing this edition, as it is in my daily work as a schoolmaster, at a place which is not quite unknown to him % G. H. HALLAM. Byron House, Harrow. January 13, 1881 INTRODUCTIONS. § 1.—OVID: HIS LIFE AND WORKS. There are few poets whose life lies open to us more plainly in tlieir works than that of Ovid ; and we have besides one elegy (Tristia IV. 10) which is a model of concise autobiography. Publius Ovidius Naso was born B.C. 43, at Sulmo, among the hills of the Peligni, about 90 miles from Rome, the second son of a wealthy family. He and his brother, a year older Birth than himself, were strongly attached to each other, and were both destined by their parents for the honourable and lucrative profession of the law. With this view the two boys were sent to Rome to learn and practise rhetoric in the school of one Arellius Fuscus. Se- Education neca says of the poet that at this time he was reckoned a good declaimer, nice in his choice of words, and winning in his . address and style, but showing no fancy for knotty points of law. The vain attempt to force nature was soon given up. " Poetry would come to my lips," ^ says Ovid. "His prose was poetry unversified," says his critic.^ He * TV. IV. 10, 26, and Fas/i II. 6. ' ' Carmen solutum ' Sen. Controv. II. 10. xii OVIDII FASTI. [§ i abandoned the I'cgular practice of the law, and gave the rein to bis poetic fancy. After his brother's death r.L the age of twenty, he travelled with Travels his friend and fellow poet Macer, visiting Asia ^ and Sicily, and Athens,"* then much frequented by the wealthy Roman youth, as the fountain of art and culture. After returning to Kome he held some minor judicial offices, becoming, as he tells us, one of the Triumviri Capitales, and again a Decemvir Life at litibus iudicandis,^ sitting in the Centum- Rome viral Court, and sometimes acting as arbitrator in private suits. He was, however, too indolent to be a candidate for any. of the high offices of state, and never cared to rise from the Equestrian order to the Senate. As a very young man he formed two successive marriages, which were unhappy and did not last long. To his third wife, Marcia, who was related Marriage by marriage to Fabius Maximus, and a personal friend of Li via, he was fondly attached, and remained so to his death. By her he had one daughter, Perilla, to "whose wedding he alludes in the Fasti,^ and who appears to have written poetry.^ His father and mother, of whom he speaks with affection, lived to a good old age, dying not long before his banishment. His literary tastes showed themselves again in his choice of friends. He did not belong to the literary clique who clustered round Maecenas, but was . intimate with Ponticus and Bassus, the Friends„ former famous for his heroic verse, the latter for his iambics ; the two Macri, one of whom, 3 Fasti VI. 355, and Potit. II. 10, 21. * TV. 1. 2, 77. =* Fasti W. 2M, « Fasti Yl. 199. ^ jy^ HI.