A New Species of Euscorpius from Bulgaria and Greece (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) Gioele Tropea, Victor Fet, Aristeidis Parmakelis, Panayiota Kotsakiozi & Iasmi Stathi September 2015 — No. 207 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius (Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA) ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS: Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as "published work" (Article 9.8). At this time, Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293) (laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012 represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN amendment, see http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/. Publication date: 10 September 2015 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:39CA1923-AD1C-431F-B83C-C0BBF8085B46 Euscorpius — Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2015, No. 207 A new species of Euscorpius from Bulgaria and Greece (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) Gioele Tropea 1, Victor Fet 2, Aristeidis Parmakelis 3, Panayiota Kotsakiozi 4, 5 & Iasmi Stathi 5 1 Via Gavinana 2, 00192 Rome, Italy: email: [email protected] 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA; email: [email protected] 3 Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, GR-15784, Athens, Greece; email: [email protected] 4 Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, GR-15784, Athens, Greece; email: [email protected] 5 Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, GR-71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; email: [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:39CA1923-AD1C-431F-B83C-C0BBF8085B46 Summary A new scorpion species, Euscorpius popovi sp. nov., is described from southwestern Bulgaria and northeastern Greece based on morphological and molecular evidence analyses. Introduction Methods and Material The genus Euscorpius Thorell, 1876, widespread in The trichobothrial notation follows Vachon (1974). southern Europe and Anatolia, is one of the most studied Morphological measurements are given in millimeters scorpion taxa. Despite this, its taxonomy is still far from (mm) following Tropea et al. (2014b). Morphological being resolved. This is also true for Bulgaria, where this nomenclature follows Stahnke (1970), Hjelle (1990) and genus has been insufficiently studied in the past. Sissom (1990); the chela carinae and denticle con- Taxonomic studies of Euscorpius are further hindered by figuration follows Soleglad & Sissom (2001); and the existence of cryptic species complexes, difficult to sternum terminology follows Soleglad & Fet (2003). resolve even with phylogenetic analyses (Parmakelis et The map was generated by Earth Explorer 6.1, with al. 2013a, Tropea et al., 2014a). Several relatively recent positional and altitude data compiled through Google studies have provided information on different Eus- Maps. corpius populations from Bulgaria, assuming the All DNA work was performed in the University of possibility of new species (Valle, 1975; Fet, 2000; Athens by PK and AP; for details on DNA extraction, Teruel et al., 2004; Fet & Soleglad, 2007). However, amplification and sequencing, see Parmakelis et al. they did not focus on resolving the systematic position (2013a). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by AP as of these forms, but rather grouped different populations specified below. Nomenclature for reporting DNA based on a few morphological characteristics, and placed sequences from non-type (“geneseq-3”) specimens fol- them in the following species complexes: “E. car- lows Chakrabarty et al. (2013). pathicus complex”, “E. hadzii complex” and “E. mingrelicus complex”. Most recently, three new species Abbreviations have been described from Bulgaria: E. deltshevi Fet et al., 2014, E. solegladi Fet et al., 2014, and E. drenskii V: trichobothrial series on pedipalp chela manus Tropea et al., 2015 (Fet et al., 2014; Tropea et al., ventral surface (not including Et1); Pv: trichobothria on 2014b). the ventral aspect of pedipalp patella; Pe: trichobothria Here, we describe a new species from southwestern on the external surface of pedipalp patella; et: external Bulgaria and northeastern Greece, Euscorpius popovi sp. terminal; est: external subterminal; em: external median; nov., based on morphological and molecular evidence esb: external suprabasal; eba: external basal-a; eb: exter- analyses. nal basal; db: dorsal basal trichobothrium on fixed fin- 2 Euscorpius — 2015, No. 207 ger; Dp: pectinal teeth number; L: length; H: height; (ESS) values above 200 were considered as having been Lchel: chela length; Wchel: chela width (=Wchel-A of sufficiently sampled (Kuhner, 2009). The results of the Tropea et al. 2014a); Lcar: carapace length; Wcar: four converged and independent runs were combined carapace width; Lfem: femur length; Lpat: patella length; (after removing of 10% burn-in) using LogCombiner Lmet: sum of the length of all metasomal segments; v.1.8.2 of the BEAST package. The sampled posterior Wmet: sum of the width of all metasomal segments; trees from all four analyses combined, were summarized met.seg: metasomal segment; CarA/CarP %: average using TreeAnnotator v.1.8.2 to generate a maximum ratio of distances from center of median eyes to anterior clade credibility tree (Fig. 20: maximum posterior prob- and posterior margins of the carapace; DPS: dorsal abilities).The genetic distances (Tables 3 and 4) were patellar spur; DD: distal denticle; MD: median denticles; computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method of OD: outer denticles; ID: inner denticles; IAD: inner Kimura (1980) and are expressed as the number of base accessory denticles; imm.: immature specimen (in any substitutions per site. stage of development). Depositories: MZUR, Museo di Zoologia dell' Systematics Università di Roma “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy; NHMW, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria; Genus Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 NHMC, Natural History Museum of Crete, Heraklion, Subgenus Incertus Crete, Greece; NMNHS, National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria; VFPC: personal collection of Euscorpius popovi Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Victor Fet, Huntington, West Virginia, USA. Kotsakiozi et Stathi, sp. n. (Figures 1–20, Tables 1–4) Material Studied http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:87870C36- 3317-450C-B812-3ECE87E83641 A detailed list of material with label data is provided below. References: Euscorpius carpathicus, sensu lato (=”Euscorpius carpathicus complex”), “Subgroup A1”: Fet, 2000: 52 (in Phylogenetic Analysis part). Euscorpius sp. 1 (“carpathicus complex”): Teruel et al., Fourteen published 16S rDNA sequences together 2004: 5–7, figs. 16–17. with 16 published and one unpublished COI sequences Euscorpius sp. (“carpathicus complex”): Fet & Soleglad, were used in our phylogenetic analyses (Table 1). The 2007: 413, figs. 13–15 (in part: “southwestern group”). Euscorpius sp., clade E4: Parmakelis et al., 2013a: 10 (in phylogenetic analyses was performed on the con- part). catenated dataset (1122 bp) of the 16S rDNA (439 bp) Euscorpius sp. “FESP21 Bulgaria”: Tropea et al., 2015: fig. and COI (683 bp) sequences. In those individuals where 21. one of the two sequences was not available (four 16S rDNA sequences, one COI sequence, see Table 1), the Type material (28 specimens: 10 ♂, 18 ♀): missing