Agora Ancient History print post approved 318780/00042 2015 history teachers’ association of victoria no. 3 vol. 50 EDUCATIONAL HISTORY TOURS Walk in the footsteps of history Experiential learning and exciting, engaging, safe group touring around the world The best student travel experience starts by having the best travel partner We’re committed to helping teachers and their students bring Combine subjects on the one tour History to life by creating memorable and unique experiences. Our expertise allows us to organise your tour so that Whether your goals for your students are to tread in the several subject groups can travel together successfully. footsteps of the ancient Greek civilisation or visit the famous Imagine all of your groups concurrently engaged in sites of the American Revolutionary War, we will make sure their own area of interest. Combine your IB students that you are supported every step of the way. with those in the mainstream curriculum or consider We work with you to understand the learning outcomes combining History, Art and a Language - and we will required from the tour. Our itineraries allow your group to take ensure relevant activities for all groups. Later, enjoy sightseeing and a range of other experiences together, in iconic sights combined with as many classes, workshops, so the groups feel as one. Offering a tour in this way themed guided tours or subject related activities as you wish. can assist with economies of scale and helps meet your minimum participant number requirement Tours designed for the state, ACARA and IB curricula Call +61 3 9646 4200 www.latitudegrouptravel.com.au 2 Agora Editorial 3 Contents President’s Report Thema Praktikos Kritikos 4 58 70 The Persian Wars Theban Tomb Broken Nation: (480–479 BCE) (TT) 100: Trade, Australians in the and the Defence of Tribute and Great War Thermopylae Commerce in the by Christopher Matthew Egyptian Eighteenth 71 Dynasty Fighting Hard: The 14 by Greg Naylor Victorian Aborigines Understanding Advancement League Ancient Civilisations: 66 Honour and Shame in The Good Stuff: 73 the Roman Republic Resources for Anzac Memories by Frederik Juliaan Vervaet Teaching History by Ann Parry 73 23 The Censor’s Library Ancient Mesopotamia: Discovering Civilisation by Andrew Jamieson 28 Education Between Artefact and Text by Annelies Van de Ven 38 The Rise and Fall of the Egyptian Empire by Richard Long 45 Ancient Greece: Philosophical Legacies by Andrew A. Pyrcz 53 Women in Ancient Rome by Nick Frigo Editorial Alan Tiller editor All right, but apart from the sanitation, the medicine, education, wine, AGORA Vol. 50 No. 3, 2015 ISSN: 0044-6726 (print) © 2015 public order, irrigation, roads, the fresh-water system, and public ISSN: 1837-9958 (electronic) © 2015 health, what have the Romans ever done for us? (Life of Brian, 1979) Editor Although it could be argued that this satirical quote from the Monty Python Alan Tiller [email protected] team may not be entirely accurate in a historical sense, it does highlight the remarkable legacy handed down from ancient civilisations. Layout Alan Tiller The study of ancient history not only allows us to investigate the significant Agora is the journal of the History Teachers’ Association and inspiring achievements of ancient societies but it also assists us in of Victoria Limited. It promotes ideas, information and good classroom practice. It exists to help foster and developing a more detailed understanding of ancient cultures and how they improve the effective learning and teaching of History. have influenced Western civilisation and the modern world. The inclusion of It is published four times a year with the support of the Strategic Partnerships Program of the Department of Ancient History in the new Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) Study Education and Training. Design is therefore an exciting and welcome addition to the curriculum. In The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views this issue of Agora we introduce a number of themes and useful resources of htav or the Editorial Committee. While reasonable that will hopefully assist teachers seeking to introduce or extend the checks have been made to ensure the accuracy of statements and advice, no responsibility can be teaching and learning of ancient history within their schools. accepted for errors or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for any loss occasioned to any person In the Thema section Christopher Matthew explains how the fighting styles acting or refraining from action as a result of material in this publication is accepted by the authors, htav of the Greek and Persian armies (in particular the tactics of the hoplite) and or the Editorial Committee. their strategic planning influenced the second Persian invasion of Greece All reasonable attempts have been made to trace and the defence of Thermopylae in 480 BCE – where a small Greek force copyright holders of material published. Material contained in Agora is protected under the Copyright Act courageously held out the huge Persian Army for a number of days. (Cth) 1968. Frederik Vervaet examines how honour, pride and shame in androcentric HTAV Executive Committee ancient Rome were strong and pervasive forces at all levels of social, political President: Ashley Wood, St Leonard’s College. Vice-Presidents: Agata Kula, The Grange P–12 College; and military life. In another examination of ancient Roman society, Nick Nick Frigo, Santa Maria College. Frigo reflects on the status of women and the significant roles they played Treasurer: Miriam Meehan, Yarra Valley Grammar in the social and economic fabric of society, despite being ‘restricted in their School. freedoms due to the Roman idea of the role of women.’ HTAV Non-Executive Directors Anna Adams, St Leonard’s College; Bianca Crawford, In his essay on ancient Mesopotamia, Andrew Jamieson outlines some Haileybury College; Heather Lewis, retired; Ian Lyell, Canterbury Girls’ Grammar School; Elisa Litvin, of the ‘ground-breaking developments’ – such as agriculture, writing, Assumption College; Dr Rosalie Triolo, Monash social complexity and the city–state system – that have contributed to University; Alexis Watson, John Monash Science School; Non-voting minutes secretary: Marion Mesopotamia being considered the ‘cradle of civilisation.’ He also argues Littlejohn, Sovereign Hill Museums. that the history of ancient Mesopotamia is ‘essential to our understanding of HTAV Patron past and present cultures.’ Professor Richard Broome Annelies Van de Ven examines how museums, as traditionally object-based HTAV Staff institutions, can function as bridges between literary and material sources executive officer of knowledge. The Between Artefact and Text exhibition, which showcased a Ingrid Purnell number of fine pieces from ancient cultures at the Ian Potter Museum of Art senior manager, events, programs and marketing Meri Rametta (The University of Melbourne), is provided as an exemplar of an accessible manager, htav publishing and engaging museum space in which students develop skills through Georgina Argus practical experience and exploratory engagement. manager, education and consultancy services In an article particularly relevant to the new VCE Study Design, Richard Jo Clyne membership and events coordinator Long discusses some of the social, political and economic features of Myra Karantzas ancient Egypt from the New Kingdom to the Third Intermediate Period online learning coordinator and the Late Period. Andrew Pyrcz considers the pivotal role the ancient Matilda Keynes Greek world played in the development of rational thinking and the project editor, htav publishing beginnings of Western philosophy. His article outlines some of the key Shivaun Plozza figures and philosophical schools of thought from the period, and how they accounts administrator ‘revolutionised the way people tackled the problem of understanding the Adela Tamasoi world they inhabited and their place in it.’ publications editor and coordinator Alan Tiller In the Praktikos section, Greg Naylor outlines how students can study key finance officer aspects of social, political and economic life in early New Kingdom Egypt Sue Unwin through a visual analysis task based on a painted scene from the remarkable Rekhmire’s tomb, which includes meticulous depictions of different cultures presenting tribute to the vizier. In the final article of this section, Ann Parry reviews a number of websites that offer extensive resources and quality teaching material to support busy teachers. 2 Agora President’s Report Ashley Wood president Sungraphô Give me a boy who is encouraged by praise, delighted by success and The Sungraphô section of Agora contains original pieces of research. This section of the journal is ready to weep over failure. not based on edition themes. Submissions are accepted from interstate and overseas. With these words, Marcus Quintilianus perhaps echoes the hopes of all All manuscripts submitted to Sungraphô will teachers. Of course, today we include all students, not only the boys of be reviewed by two independent experts. noble birth from the Roman Empire in the first century CE, and whilst it Manuscripts must be accompanied by a covering may be difficult to watch a student actually ‘weep over failure,’ the thought letter. The name of the author must not appear on the manuscript. Articles must not have that they may be ready to do so would not doubt have us somewhat pleased been published elsewhere. Items appearing in that they may be so inspired. Sungraphô are refereed articles that satisfy the C1 classification of the Department of Education Of course, in Roman times it would be more likely that a student would and Training. be weeping from the beating they may well have received for a wrong ‘Sungraphô’ means ‘I report’ in Ancient Greek. Thucydides uses this verb to describe the product answer. It was thought at the time that boys would learn more effectively if of his historical research. It reflects the aim of the they feared such a response.