Gerrards Cross Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Gerrards Cross Historic Town Assessment Report David Green 1-6 Station Parade, Gerrards Cross Gerrards Cross Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 4 I DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 7 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology............................................................................................. 8 2.2 Wider Landscape ..................................................................................................................... 8 3 Evidence.......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Historic Maps.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Built Heritage.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Archaeological Evidence........................................................................................................ 17 3.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 19 4 Archaeological & Historical Development................................................................................... 21 4.1 Prehistoric and Roman periods (to AD 410) .......................................................................... 21 4.2 Saxon and Medieval Gerrards Cross (AD 410 – 1536) ......................................................... 23 4.3 Post Medieval Gerrards Cross (1536 – 1800) ....................................................................... 26 4.4 Late 18th century to 1900 ...................................................................................................... 29 The Coming of the New Town (1900-Present) .................................................................................... 33 II ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 44 5 Designations................................................................................................................................... 44 5.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ....................................................................................................... 44 5.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 44 5.3 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 44 5.4 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 44 6 Historic Urban Zones ..................................................................................................................... 47 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 47 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 47 6.3 Archaeological Assessment................................................................................................... 47 6.4 Heritage Values...................................................................................................................... 50 6.5 Modern Settlement................................................................................................................. 52 Zone 1: Gerrards Cross Common.................................................................................................... 52 Zone 2: Packhorse Road.................................................................................................................. 53 Zone 3: Marsham Way..................................................................................................................... 54 Zone 4: Dukes Wood Estate ............................................................................................................ 55 Zone 5: Camp Road Estate.............................................................................................................. 55 Zone 6: Cannon Meadow................................................................................................................. 56 III RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 57 7 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 57 8 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 57 8.1 Prehistoric .............................................................................................................................. 57 8.2 Roman.................................................................................................................................... 57 8.3 Medieval................................................................................................................................. 57 8.4 Post Medieval......................................................................................................................... 57 9 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 58 10 Addresses ................................................................................................................................... 59 1 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 60 1.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website).................................. 60 1.2 Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................................. 60 2 Appendix: HER Records................................................................................................................ 61 2.1 Monuments HER Report ........................................................................................................ 61 2.2 Landscapes HER Reports...................................................................................................... 63 2.3 Find Spots .............................................................................................................................. 63 2.4 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 66 3 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data .......................................................................... 68 4 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report................................................................................... 70 2 Gerrards Cross Historic Town Assessment Draft Report List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban Character Zones for Gerrards Cross............................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Gerrards Cross in location ......................................................................................................... 9 Figure 3: Geology of town (BGS) ............................................................................................................ 10 Figure 4: Diagram of Connections from Gerrards Cross (representational only).................................... 11 Figure 5: the historic landscape around Gerrards Cross c. 1880 using Buckinghamshire/Milton Keynes Historic landscape Characterisation data................................................................................................ 12 Figure 6: Dispersed settlement around Gerrards Cross ......................................................................... 13 Figure 7: Listed Buildings by century ...................................................................................................... 14 Figure 8: Historic maps............................................................................................................................ 15 Figure 9: Listed buildings by century...................................................................................................... 16 Figure 10: Location of archaeological interventions...............................................................................