Masajid of Bo-Kaap Ramadaan Sunday Lecture Series Sunday 3 June 2018 Masjied Boorhaanol Islam THE CARAVAN OF ABU SUFYAN • In Jumadil Ula 2 H a huge caravan carrying large sums of stolen Muhajireen wealth was on its way to Syria. • The prophet (s) along with 200 men set out to intercept this caravan. • Muslims arrived too late but planned to capture it on its return journey. • Quraish would send an army to prevent this • The two forces would meet at Badr ROAD TO WAR • The Muslim army left Madinah marching westwards towards the plains of Badr • Abu Sufyan RA anticipating danger took the coastal road to avoid the Muslims • He sent a messenger to Makkah to inform the Quraish of the threat to the Caravan THE MUSLIM ARMY • 300-317 men • 85 Muhaajireen and 230 from the Ansaar • 70 camels • 2 horses ( Al Zubair ibn Al Awaam and Al Miqdad ibn Aswad) • Generals: Ali RA and Sa’d ibn Muaath RA • Commander: Nabee Muhammad S THE MECCAN ARMY • The Quraish prepare an army to defend the Caravan • 1300 plus men • 100 horses • 200 camels • Chiefs of the Quraish like Abu Jahl, Utbah, Omayah DECLARATION OF WAR • The Caravan of Abu Sufyan escaped • The Quraishi army wanted to retreat but Abu Jahl convinced the army to continue • The Prophet (s) not planning for war convened and war council to ask the sahabah their opinions ARRIVING AT BADR • The Muslim army arrived first • They occupied all the water wells • They captured two Quraishi scouts and interrogated them and discovered many details of the Quraishi army THE EVE OF THE BATTLE Friday night 17th of Ramadan THE EVE OF THE BATTLE ِ ِ إ ْذ يُ غَ ِّشي ُك ُم النُّ َعا َس أََمنَةً ِّمْنهُ َويُ نَ ِّزُل َعلَْي ُكم ِّم َن ال َّسَماء ِّ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ َماءً ليُطَِّهَرُكم به َويُْذه َب َعن ُك ْم ِرْجَز ال َّشْيطَان َوليَ ْرب َط َعلَ ٰى ِ قُ لُوبِ ُكم ويُ ثَبِّ َت بِه اْْلَقَْداَم Remember) when He covered you withَ ْ a slumber as a security)" from Him, and He caused rain to descend on you from the sky, to clean you thereby and to remove from you the Rijz (whispering, evil suggestions, etc.) of Satan, and to strengthen your hearts, and make your feet firm thereby." Surah Al Anfaal 8:11 THE EVE OF THE BATTLE • The Prophet (s) spent the night in salah • The Quraishi army arrived during the night • War would begin at sunrise THE BATTLE FORMATION ِ َِّ ِ ِ ِ ِِ إِ َّن اللَّهَ يُح ُّب الذي َن يُ َقاتلُوَن في َسبيله َصًّفا َكأَنَّ ُهم بُ ْن يَا ٌن َّمْر ُصو ٌص “Indeed, Allah loves those who fight in His cause in a row as though they are a [single] structure joined firmly” Surah As Saff 61:4 THE BATTLE FORMATION • The army organized in rows and straightened them like in salah • The standard bearer of the Muhajireen - Ali (RA) • Standard bearer of the Ansar - Saad ibn Muath (RA) • The overall standard bearer Musab ibn Umair (RA) • The commander in chief Muhammad (saw) THE DAWN MOMENTS BEFORE THE WAR "O Allâh! The conceited and haughty Quraishites are already here defying You and belying Your Messenger. O Allâh! I am waiting for Your victory which You have promised me. I beseech You Allâh to defeat them” THE DETERMINATION OF THE MUSLIMS “They are fewer and less armed but these are people ready to fight to the death. We will not be able to kill them without them dealing us an equal or worse blow” THE “WISE MAN” TRIES TO STOP THE WAR • Utbah ibn Rabeeah • Tries to prevent the war • Offers to personally pay the blood money • Uses Jahilyah family ties • Abu Jahal taunts Utbah for being a coward and convinces him to fight THE BLESSING OF THIS UMMAH “I have been given five things that were not given to any of the Prophets before me: 1. I have been supported with fear (cast into the hearts of my enemies) for a distance of one month’s travel; 2. the earth has been made a place of prostration and a means of purification for me, so when the time of prayer comes for any man among my ummah, let him pray; 3. war booty has been permitted for me; 4. a Prophet would be sent only to his own people, but I have been sent to all of mankind; and 5. I have been given the power of intercession.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (427) and Muslim (421) THE MUBARAZAH • Utbah, his brother Shaybah and Utbah’s son Waleed step forward • Three Ansari’s step forward • Utbah says: we want to fight our own people • The Prophet saw selects: Ubayda ibn Harith ibn Mutalib, Hamza and Ali (RA) THE MUBARAZAH • Ubaydah vs Utbah • Hamza vs Shaybah • Ali vs Waleed THE MUBARAZAH ِ ِ ِ ۖ َِّ َه َٰذان َخ ْصَمان ا ْختَ َص ُموا في َربِِّه ْم فَالذي َن َكَفُروا ِّ ِ ِ ِ ِ قُطَع ْت لَُه ْم ثيَا ٌب ِّمن نَّاٍر يُ َص ُّب من فَ ْوق ُرءُوسِه ُم ِ الْ َحمي ُم "These two opponents (believers and disbelievers) dispute with each other about their Lord." Surah Al Hajj 22:19 THE PROPHET CONTINUES TO MAKE DUAH "O Allâh! Should this group (of Muslims) be defeated today, You will no longer be worshipped.” Prophet’s hands are in the air and his shirt fell off THE PROPHET CONTINUES TO MAKE DUAH Abu Bakr came, picked up the cloak, and put it back on his shoulders and said: "O Prophet of Allâh, you have cried out enough to your Lord. He will surely fulfill what He has promised you." ALLAH GIVES THE GLAD TIDDINGS ِ ِ ِ َِّ إِ ْذ يُوحي َربُّ َك إِلَى الَْمََلئ َكة أَنِّي َمَع ُك ْم فَ ثَبِّتُوا الذي َن ۖ ِ ِ ِ َِّ آَمنُوا َسأُلْقي في قُ لُوب الذي َن َكَفُروا الُّرْع َب فَا ْضِربُوا ِ ِ ٍ فَ ْو َق اْْلَ ْعنَاق َوا ْضِربُوا مْن ُه ْم ُك َّل بَ نَان "Verily, I am with you, so keep firm those who have believed. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who have disbelieved." Surah Al Anfaal 8:12 ALLAH GIVES THE GLAD TIDDINGS ِ ِ إِ ْذ تَ ْستَغيثُوَن َربَّ ُك ْم فَا ْستَ َجا َب لَ ُك ْم أَنِّي ُمم ُّدُك ْم ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِِ بأَلْف م َن الَْمََلئ َكة ُمْردفي َن "I will help you with a thousand of the angels each behind the other (following one another) in succession." Surah Al Anfaal 8:9 THE WAR CRY ُّ َسيُ ْهَزُم الْ َج ْم ُع َويُ َولوَن ال ُّدبُ َر "Their multitude will be put to flight, and they will show their backs." Surah Al Qamar 54:45 THE WAR CRY ِ ِ ٍ ِ ٍ َو َساِرعُوا إلَ ٰى َمغْفَرة م ْن َربِّ ُك ْم َوَجنَّة َعْر ُضَها ِ ِ ِ ال َّسَماَوا ُت َواْْلَْر ُض أُع َّد ْت لْل ُمتَّقي َن "And be quick for forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as are the heavens and the earth." Surah Al Imran 3:133 Events of the Battle EVENTS OF THE BATTLE ‘Umair ibn Humam, a lad of sixteen, who flung away some dates he was eating crying out: "These (the dates) are holding me back from Paradise." So saying he plunged into the thick of the battle and died fighting bravely as the first shaheed EVENTS OF THE BATTLE The Prophet [pbuh] took a handful of gravel, cast it at the enemy and said: "Confusion seize their faces!" As he flung the dust, a violent sandstorm blew like furnace blast into the eyes of the enemies. EVENTS OF THE BATTLE With respect to this, ٰ ِ ۖ فَ لَ ْم تَ ْقتُ لُوُه ْم َولَك َّن اللَّهَ قَ تَ لَُه ْم َوَما َرَمْي َت ٰ ِ إِ ْذ َرَمْي َت َولَك َّن اللَّهَ َرَم ٰى "And you (i.e. Muhammad [pbuh]) threw not when you did throw but Allâh threw." Surah Al Anfaal 8:17 EVENTS OF THE BATTLE Ali (RA): The prophet was the bravest one on the battle field on the day of Badr. He would be the closest to the enemy and when things got tough we looked to him for protection. ِ ِ ِ َوإ ْذ َزيَّ َن لَُه ُم ال َّشْيطَا ُن أَ ْعَمالَُه ْم َوقَا َل ََل غَال َب لَ ُك ُم الْيَ ْوَم م َن ِ ۖ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ النَّا ِس َوإنِّي َجاٌر لَ ُك ْم فَ لََّما تَ َراءَت الْفئَتَان نَ َك َص َعلَ ٰى َعقبَ ْيه ِ ِ ِ ِ َّ ۖ َوقَا َل إنِّي بَِريءٌ مْن ُك ْم إنِّي أََر ٰى َما ََل تَ َرْوَن إنِّي أَ َخا ُف اللهَ واللَّهُ َش ِدي ُد الِْعَقا ِب And [remember] when Satan made their َdeeds pleasing to them and said, "No one can overcome you today from among the people, and indeed, I am your protector." But when the two armies sighted each other, he turned on his heels and said, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I see what you do not see; indeed I fear Allah. And Allah is severe in penalty.” Surah Al Anfaal 8:48 EVENTS OF THE BATTLE Ibn ‘Abbas said: "While on that day a Muslim was chasing a disbeliever and he heard over him the swashing of a whip and the voice of the rider saying: ‘Go ahead Haizum’. He glanced at the polytheist who had (now) fallen down on his back. The Helper came to the Messenger of Allâh [pbuh] and related that event to him.