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Page(s) were microfilmed as received. 314 This reproduction is the best copy available UMI’ ASPECTS OF BUKUSU MORPHOLOGY AND PHONOLOGY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Nasiombe Mutonyi, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor David Odden, Adviser Professor Elizabeth Hume Adviser Professor Keith Johnson Linguistics Graduate Program UMI Number: 9994910 Copyright 2000 by Mutonyi, Nasiombe All rights reserved. UMI UMI Microform 9994910 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 © Copyright by Nasiombe Mutonyi 2000 ABSTRACT In this dissertation, I examine various aspects of the morphology and phonology of Bukusu (Bantu, Western Kenya). Although two previous studies were done on the language (Austen, 1974 and De Blois, 1975), no study has been done to date that delves into the details of the morphology of the language, which is the cornerstone of the language. Furthermore, the previous studies either ignored tone completely, or glossed over it despite its critical role in tense/aspect marking, as well as within the phrasal component. In view of these deficiencies, I have devoted chapters 3 and 4, respectively, to the inflectional and derivational morphology of the language. Additionally, reduplication, an important topic in current phonological research, is aUoted chapter 5, where it is shown that word category plays an important role in determining what gets copied during reduplication. Specifically, I show that whereas nouns, numbers, and adjectives permit prefix incorporation in the base under certain conditions, the requirement BASE=STEM is absolute in verbs. Coupled with the requirement that the base be minimally bisyllabic, B ASE=STEM imposes a no-copy condition on verbs with monosyllabic stems. Segmental phonology is examined in chapter 6, where a wide variety of processes are presented, mostly in the autosegmental model. Lastly, phrasal tones are split between chapters 7 and 8, which cover noun structures (7) and Verb Phrases (8). Noun phrase tonology is intriguing, especially because of a phrasal H tone mapping procedure that involves two rules: one places the H on the prefix of a noun or adjective before another ii word if the next word happens to be one of five categories. If the noun or adjective already has a H on the prefix, then the phrasal H does not dock anywhere. The second rule maps the phrasal H tone on the final syllable of any word preceding another word. The only restriction on this rule is that the triggering word cannot be one of the triggers of Prefix H Insertion. This means that Final H Insertion never applies in contexts specified for PHI. The phrasal H tone also occurs in verb phrases, where the mapping principles place it on the final syllable of a word preceding another word. m Dedicated to my mother and all the women who sacrificed to make this possible IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My first thanks go to Professor David Odden, my adviser, for bearing half of my cross on what turned out to be a very long and complicated joumey. I hope the end product even half-reflects the amount of time he has spent pushing, directing, correcting, and advising ever since I have been his advisee. There are no words to express my gratitude. I also thank Professors Elizabeth Hume and Keith Johnson, the other two members of my dissertation committee, for going beyond the call of duty to be there whenever I needed them. I hope they quickly forget the harrowing experience I have put them through. I am proud and glad to have been a member of the OSU Department of Linguistics, which is blessed with professors and students who are not only great scholars, but also people with incredibly big hearts. I have learnt firom all that humility in success is a hallmark of greamess. Among the professors, I single out for their exemplary leadership Brian Joseph (not just for making me the recycling guru), Robert Levine (not just for having a great joke for every occasion), Don Winford, and Peter Culicover. All the students I met over the years made the struggle worthwhile. But the ones that were exceptional included Mary Bradshaw, Jill Beckman (for the thoughtful emails), Mike Cahill, Mike Calcagno, Kevin Cohen, Svetlana Godjevac, Stefanie Jannedy, Steve Keyser, Lino Liphola, Bettina Migge, Frederick Parkinson, Robert Poletto, Ruth Roberts-Kohno, Hoobie Schott (especially for the 500-mile bike ride across Iowa), Liz Strand, and Jennifer (JJ) Venditti. It all began when, as fate would have it, I presented a paper on Kinyamwezi tones at the 21“ ACAL in Athens (Georgia) in 1990 to an audience that included Dr. Odden. Dr. Zinny Bond, an alumnus of the OSU Linguistics department and Professor of Linguistics at Ohio University, Athens, had encouraged Ed Miner, John Mugane, and myself to submit an abstract to ACAL as part of our field methods class. Two weeks after the conference, I got a call from Professor Brian Joseph offering me a place in the program at OSU. Dr. Bond has kept track of aU my twists and turns, always encouraging just when I needed it most. To Dr. Bond I return a ton of thanks. Last but certainly not least, I return every bit of thanks that I can muster to my family, both immediate and extended. To my wife and four daughters I say, patience pays and yours has paid on my account. I hope I can repay you someday. To my mother I say, all the sacrifice was not for nothing, mom! And to my brothers and sisters, thanks for propping me up. Just watching each one of you weave your way to success against the incredible odds taught me to appreciate the resilience of the human spirit. And grandpa, thanks for being a friend and eternal inspiration with your insatiable appetite for knowledge. The research that has yielded this dissertation was joindy supported by the Language Files Fund and NSF Grant SBR-942I362. VI VTTA 1983 ................................................................... JBJEd. English and Linguistics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi. 1986 ...................................................................M.A Linguistics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi. Jan. 1987-Sept. 1988 ........................................Xecturer, Linguistics, Kenyatta University Kenya 1988-1990 ..........................................................Graduate Teaching Assistant, Ohio University, Athens. 1990 M.A. Linguistics, Ohio University, Athens 1990-1996.......................................................... Graduate Assistant; Graduate Teaching Assistant, The Ohio state University Sept. 1996-Aug. 1999 Visiting Assistant Professor, Linguistics and Swahili, Ohio University, Athens. Aug. 1999-Present Account Manager, International Premier Partner Services, Network Solutions, Inc. Herndon (VA). PUBLICAHONS 1. 1992. Cs and Vs or Moras: The Case Of Bukusu Prosodic Structure. In Elizabeth Hume (ed.) OSU Working Papers in Linguistics. No. 41:47-84. 2. 1996. Tense, Aspect, and Bukusu Tones. In David Dowty, Rebecca Herman, and Elizabeth Hume (eds.) OSU Working Papers in Linguistics No. 48:77-110 vu FIELDS OF STUDY Major Re!± Linguistics Minor Fields: Bantu Morphology and Phonology; Descriptive Linguistics vm TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract...............................................................................................................................ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. v Vita....................................................................................................................................vii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................xv