Volume XVI CONTENTS 2008 From the Editors' Desk 編纂者から 1 EMJNet at the AAS 2009 (with abstracts of presentations) Articles 論文 Sound and Sense: Chōka Theory and Nativist Philology in Early Modern Japan and Beyond Roger Thomas 4 The Early Modern Warrior: Three Explorations of Samurai Life Introduction Morgan Pitelka 33 Banquets Against Boredom: Towards Understanding (Samurai) Cuisine in Early Modern Japan Eric C. Rath 43 Samurai and the World of Goods: The Diaries of the Toyama Family of Hachinohe Constantine Vaporis 56 Encountering the World: Kawai Tsugunosuke’s 1859 Journey to Yokohama and Nagasaki Laura Nenzi 68 Celebrating Kyō: The Eccentricity of Bashō and Nampo Peipei Qiu 84 The Dao of Nineteenth-Century Japanese Nativist Healing: A Chinese Herbal Supplement to Faith Healing Wilburn Hansen 92 Book Reviews 書評 Carol Richmond Tsang. War and Faith: Ikkō Ikki in Late Muromachi Japan Suzanne Gay 104 Editors Philip C. Brown Ohio State University Carol Richmond Tsang Independent Scholar Editorial Board Cheryl Crowley Emory University Gregory Smits Pennsylvania State University Patricia Graham Independent Scholar The editors welcome preliminary inquiries about manuscripts for publication in Early Modern Japan. Please send queries to Philip Brown, Early Modern Japan, Department of History, 230 West 17th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA or, via e-mail to [email protected]. All scholarly articles are sent to referees for review. Books for review and inquiries regarding book reviews should be sent to Carol Richmond Tsang, Review Editor, Early Modern Japan, 45 Sunset Drive, White Plains, NY 10604. E- mail correspondence may be sent to [email protected]. Readers wishing to review books are encouraged to specify their interests in an e-mail to the Review Editor, Carol Tsang. EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2008 From the Editor: in the process of developing the panel proposal. 編纂者のメッセージ For our own meeting we have typically sponsored one or two panels, but we have been able to get time for as many as four. This year’s presentations This issue of Early Modern Japan: An Inter- focus on new media and coverage of earthquake disciplinary Journal presents essays on a broad disasters (see below for a full description and ab- array of subjects. We begin with Roger Thomas’s stracts). Hope to see many of you there! exploration of the role of sound in thinking of po- ets and Nativists in the eighteenth century. In con- Philip Brown trast to the classical Mediterranean world and an- cient China, Japanese interest in the sound of po- etry came quite late. Nonetheless, Thomas argues “Natural Disaster, Media and Modernization: that the early modern efforts at developing a sys- New Media and Two Kanto Earthquakes” tematic understanding of sound in poetry was so closely tied to the Nativist world view that it did Mark the Date! not effectively survive the Restoration transition. EMJ has a long-standing interest in proposals Once again the Early Modern Japan Network for thematically linked essays and with this issue will present an independent panel session in con- we publish one more project of this sort. Three junction with the Annual Meeting of the Associa- articles focus on daily lives of Tokugawa era tion for Asian Studies. samurai. Coordinated and introduced by Morgan Panel details are noted below. PLEASE MAKE Pitelka, the essays by Eric Rath, Constantine Va- A NOTE OF THE DATE, TIME AND PLACE. poris and Laura Nenzi take up food, banquets, and Like all "meetings in conjunction" this panel will consumption habits on the one hand, and attitudes not be listed in the formal AAS Program (an- toward Japan’s increasing contact with interna- nouncements listing the panel will be available at tional visitors in the mid-nineteenth century. I registration). hope that our readers will take inspiration from The Early Modern Japan Network is a sub- this effort and submit other thematically-links sets committee of the Northeast Asia Council of the of papers in the near future. Association for Asian Studies. To promote the We conclude with Peipei Qiu’s study of Bashō field of Early Modern Japanese Studies it sponsors and Nampo and Wilburn Hansen’s exploration of panel proposals for the Annual Meeting of the As- Chinese herbal medicine in the Nativist tradition. sociation for Asian Studies, holds its own inde- As always, we welcome submission of indi- pendent panel sessions in conjunction with the vidual scholarly articles, but in addition, we are Association, and publishes an refereed journal, also interested in translations, discussions of Early Modern Japan: An Interdisciplinary Journal. teaching and other professionally oriented materi- For further information on any of these activities, als that do not normally appear in scholarly jour- contact Philip Brown [email protected]. nals. EMJNet at the AAS. The Early Modern Japan See you in Chicago! Network was first formed to support the presence of panels and papers on early modern Japan at the Phil Brown Association for Asian Studies. To that end, we act as sponsors for panel proposals submitted to the AAS Annual Meeting Program Committee as well Natural Disaster, Media and Modernization: as sponsoring our own meeting in conjunction New Media and Two Kanto Earthquakes with the AAS Annual Meeting. People interested Date: Thursday, March 26, 2009 in having EMJNet support for proposals submitted Room: Colorado to the AAS or proposing panels at the EMJnet Time: 2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. meeting held in conjunction with the AAS should contact Philip Brown ([email protected]) early Earthquakes have long been an impetus for cul- 1 EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2008 tural production in Japan. Emperor Shomu, for gawa government did not take action—in the form example, ordered the construction of Kokubunji of banning the publications and destroying the and the Great Buddha of Todaiji immediately after print blocks—for two months. The government he toured the area between Nara and the Naniwa could have taken action earlier if their intent was Shrine following a major earthquake in the fourth to control the illegal actions of the publishers. In month of 734. From the late Tokugawa Period this paper, using the Ansei Edo earthquake yomi- onward, the presence of mass media complicated uri, I explore the reasons for the delayed response and magnified the social impact of earthquakes of the Tokugawa government and the issues that and other disasters. Exaggerated accounts of de- they could not tolerate. struction in the popular press, for example, ampli- fied the psychological impact of a relatively mod- Gregory SMITS, (Department of History, est earthquake that shook Kyoto in 1830. The Pennsylvania State University), "Authentic 1855 Ansei Edo Earthquake produced a vast quan- Lessons from Ansei Edo Earthquake" tity of broadside prints, journalistic documentary accounts, works of fiction, diaries, poems, and The opening sentences of the 1856 Ansei didactic tales. Many of these works sought to de- Kenmonroku explain that "Amidst the emotions of fine the disaster, explain its significance, and to joy and anger, sorrow and elation, people's think- posit connections between the human and natural ing is apt to become disordered and they loose worlds. Some of these works commented on poli- their ordinary states of mind. By constantly being tics and society in ways that prompted bakufu at- thoughtful and aware, even at times of extreme tempts to control popular readings of the earth- danger or ill fortune, we will be able to act without quake. forgetting our social obligations. Thus we present The papers in this panel examine popular media here exemplary tales that even women and chil- portrayals of the Ansei Edo Earthquake, with dren will be able to understand." What follows are comparative perspective from the 1923 Great 17 episodes, ten of which are morality tales and 7 Kanto Earthquake. The basic pressing question in explanations of natural phenomena. Published the each earthquake was similar: What is the signifi- same year, the Ansei Kenmonshi discusses 30 epi- cance of this event? These three papers examine sodes, 24 of which are human interest tales. The ways of answering this question from the stand- Kenmonshi seeks to create a sense of on-the-scene point of the bakufu, popular writers, and film. reality among readers and claims to have been compiled within three days following the main ABSTRACTS shock. This paper examines representations of the 1855 Ansei Edo Earthquake in popular literature Hidemi SHIGA (Department of Asian Studies, and strategies for imparting meaning and a longer- University of British Columbia), "A Time to term significance to the event. Ban? A Study of Ansei Edo Earthquake Yomi- uri and the Response of the Tokugawa Gov- Alex BATES, (East Asian Studies, Dickinson ernment" College), "Melodrama and Authenticity in Post Quake Cinema" Soon after a huge earthquake struck Edo (now Tokyo) on the second day of the tenth month of Melodrama is an apt genre for disaster narra- the second year of Ansei (November 11, 1855 in tives: the suffering is spectacular, the cause exter- the western calender), large numbers of yomiuri (a nal and the pathos palpable. Melodramatic ele- type of print-block newspaper) were published ments often appear in the texts that dealt with the despite government regulations forbidding their Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, and especially in release. Survivors of the earthquake disaster re- the fiction films. About ten fictional films were ceived the yomiuri as useful disaster reports and as made with the earthquake as a major plot event by media to share and communicate their feelings of the end of 1923, though none have survived the anger and sadness for their losses. Aware of the eighty-five years since. Though these films have illegal publications on the earthquake, the Toku- been summarily dismissed by critic Hazumi Tsu- 2 EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2008 neo as "uniformly bad," their interest lies not in the quality of the filming (no longer ascertainable), but in the way they were tied to other discourses of the disaster.