Dissertation POPULATION DYNAMICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING SPINY LOBSTER SMALL SCALE FISHERIES Soledad Luna Technische Universität Dresden Fakultät Umweltwissenschaften POPULATION DYNAMICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING SPINY LOBSTER SMALL SCALE FISHERIES Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademisches Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat) vorgelegt von M.Sc. Soledad Luna geboren am 21. Mai 1975, in Guayaquil-Ecuador Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Uta Berger Prof. Dr. Thomas Berendonk Prof. Dr. Volker Grimm Tag der Verteidigung: 15. März 2018 Erklärung des Promovenden Die Übereinstimmung des Exemplar mit dem Original der Dissertation zum Thema: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING SPINY LOBSTER SMALL SCALE FISHERIES wird hiermit bestätig. Dresden, 04.04.2018 Soledad Luna TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research objectives ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Panulirus gracilis ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Methodology used ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Individual-based Population Viability Analysis ........................................................................ 5 1.3.2 Meta-analysis .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 Single and multiple linear regression models ......................................................................... 7 1.4 Study site ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Data ............................................................................................................................................... 9 1.5.1 Empirical data ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.5.2 Data from the literature .......................................................................................................... 9 1.5.3 Environmental data................................................................................................................. 9 References..................................................................................................................................................10 2 Assessment of management strategies for the spiny lobster fishery in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: to fish and how to fish ................................................................................................................................ 15 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.2 METHODS ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.2.1 The species: green spiny lobster (Panulirus gracilis) ..................................................................... 18 2.2.2 Data .............................................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.2.1 Empirical data measured during this study ........................................................................ 18 2.2.2.2 Literature survey to complete the data set........................................................................ 19 2.2.3 Data transformation ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.4 The B52 Spiny Lobster model ....................................................................................................... 20 2.2.4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 20 2.2.4.2 Design concepts ................................................................................................................. 23 2.2.4.3 Details ................................................................................................................................ 23 2.2.5 Sensitivity tests ............................................................................................................................. 25 2.3 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.1 Data transformation of the empirical data ................................................................................... 26 2.3.2 Sensitivity Analyses ....................................................................................................................... 27 2.3.3 Ground-truth: empirical data and B52 model results ................................................................... 28 2.3.3 Fisheries management scenarios .................................................................................................. 30 2.3.4 Effects of varying MLS and fishing effort ...................................................................................... 32 2.4 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................................... 35 References ............................................................................................................................................. 37 Annex 1. ............................................................................................................................................. 42 Annex 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..43 3 Latitudinal variation of morphological relationships: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the green and red spiny lobster in the Eastern Tropical Pacific ................................................................... 45 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 45 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 46 3.2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 48 3.2.1 The species: the green spiny lobster (Panulirus gracilis) and the red spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) ........................................................................................................................................ 48 3.2.2 Data sources and study selection criteria ................................................................................. 49 3.2.3 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................. 50 3.3 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................... 53 3.4 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................................... 60 References ............................................................................................................................................. 62 4 Morphological relation variations and implications for Minimum Landing Size regulations for the green spiny lobster (Panulirus gracilis) in Ecuador ................................................................................ 67 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 67 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 68 4.2 METHODS ........................................................................................................................................ 69 4.2.1 The species: green spiny lobster (Panulirus gracilis) ..................................................................... 69 4.2.2 Data .............................................................................................................................................. 68 4.2.2.1 Empirical data measured during this study ........................................................................ 70 4.2.2.2 Literature survey to complete the data set........................................................................ 70 4.2.3 Data transformation ..................................................................................................................... 71 4.2.5 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................. 73 4.3 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................... 75 4.4 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................................