BIBLICAL WORLD A Journal of the Awakening Church Volume L JULY 1917 Number 1 Editorial: Christianizing Patriotism How Old Were Christ's Disciples? Otis and Frank Cary Is Fear Essential to Well-Being? Frederica Beard Rival Interpretations of Christianity. V. Evangelicism or Modernized Protestant Christianity George Cross Modem Creed-Building W. Harvey-Jellie St Paul's View of the Resurrection "Body. {Concluded) ^ A. E. Whatham The American Institute of Sacred Literature The Psychology of Religion Edward S. Ames The Problem of Suffering in the Old Testament J. M. Powis Smith THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. UJS.A. Agmntt: THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSTTY PRESS. London and Edinborgh ' THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKl-KAISHA. Tokyo. Oomkm, Kyoto. Fukuoka. Stndai THE MISSION BOOK COMPANY. Shanghai The Biblical World FOUNDED BY WILLIAM RAINEY HARPER The Hebrew Studbmt, Vol*. 1,11. 1882-1883 The Old and New Testament Student, VoIs. IX-XV, i88q-i8«s The Old Testament Student, VoIs. III-VIII, 1883-1888 The Biblical World, New Series, Vols. I-XLIX, 1893-1917 SHAILER MATHEWS, Editor With the Co-operation of the Meinliers of the Divinit)’ Conference of the University of Chicago Vol. L CONTENl'S FOR JUI.Y 1917 No. 1 EDITORIAL; CHRISTIANIZING PAfRIOTISM.- i HOW OLD WERE CHRIST’S DISCIPLES? - - - . Ons and Frank Cary 3 IS FEAR ESSENTIAL TO WELL-BEING? ------ Frederica Beard 13 RIVAL INTERPRETATIONS OF CHRISTIANITY. V. EVANGELICISM OR MODERNIZED PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY George Cross, Ph.D. 18 MODERN CREED-BUILDING . - - - * - W. Harvey-Jellie, Dp. £s Let. 26 ST. PAUL’S VIEW OF THE RESURRECTION BGDY {Concluded) Rev. A. E. Whathau 29 CtRRENT OPINION - ..- .... 35 THE CHURCH AND THE WORLD : Missions - - - - - - -.- . - 40 Religious Education ..41 Church Efficiency 43 BOOK NOTICES.48 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF SACRED LITERATURE : The Psychology of Religion. V - - - - - - Edward S. Ames 52 The Problem of Suffering in the Old Testament. IV {Concluded) J. M. Powis Smith 58 Tk* Biblical WocU is published monthly by the University of Chicago, at the University Press f The subscription price IS $3.00 per year; the price ot single copies is 35 cents. Orders for service of less than a half-year will be charged at the single¬ copy rate. 1 Postage is prepaid by the publishers on all orders from the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, Panama Canal Zone, Republic of Panama, Hawaiian Islag^ Philippine Islands, Guam, Samoan Islands, Shanghai, f Postage is charged extra at follows: For Canada, 35 cents on anntW subscriptions (total $3.35); on single copies, 3 cents (total 38 cents). For all other countries in lhe Postal Union, 68 cents on annual subscriptions (toul $3.68); on single copies. 7 cents (total 3a cents), f Patrons are requested to make all remittances payable to The University of Chicago Press in postal dr express money orders or bank drafts. 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The publishers expect to supply missing numbers free only when losses have been susrained in transit and when the reserve stock will permit. Deliveries are not guaranteed within the war zones of Europe, nor in other countries where transportation (S disturbed by conditions incident to war. BuiaoM CorrMfOOdoacB should be addressed to The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 111. Coamanientions lor tho nditor and manuscripu should be addressed to the Editor of The BifeLiCAL Would, The University of Chicago, Chicago, III. _ Eatated as aacond-class matter, January 38, iS93,at the post-oflibe at Chicago, Illinois,under the Act of March 3, 1879 Oipyrigui, 1917, by the University of Chicago TABLE OF CONTENTS Roman numerals preceding the page reference indicate the number of each instalment in the series. How Old Were Christ’s Disciples ? 3.. Otis and Frank Cary Is Fear Essential to Well-Being ? 13. Frederica Beard Rival Interpretations of Christianity. V, 18, loi; VI, 334 . George Cross Modem Creed-Building. 26. W. Harvey-Jellie St. Paul’s View of the Resurrection Body. 29. A. E. Whaiham The Psychology of Religion. V, 52. Edward S. Ames The Problem of Suffering in the Old Testament. IV, 58 . J. M. Powis Smith GentilCj^rms of Millennial Hope. 67. Shirley Jackson Case in Religion. 86. U.M. McGuire ^The War’s Challenge to the Church. 94. Robert W. Shaw The Family Altar. 108. H.G.W. Smith The Gospel of the Kingdom. 129.Frederick Clifton Grant The Book of Revelation. I, 192; II, 257; III, 321; IV, 382 Shirley Jackson Case Back to Pentecost. 203. Washington Gladden The Present Status in Religion. '212. Henry Berkowiiz Mr. H. G. Wells’s “Modem Religion.’’ 220. • Walter F. Adeney Luther and Paul. 226. Charles J. Ritchey The Bible in Our Religious Life. 232. Henry B. Robins Good Thoughts in Bad Times. 267.Henry Churchill King The Revolutionary Attitude of Jesus. 276. Samuel Dickey The Prophets and the Social Question. 282. Alexander R. Gordon “The Sacrament of Misery.’’ 290. Francis A. Christie The Religion of Childhood. I, 292; II, 353. Henry B. Robins In Memoriam. 300 Church and Community. I, 318; H, 376. Allan Hoben A Service for Use in Time of War. 331 The Offense of the Cross. 342. Richard Roberts The Missionary Enterprise as the Moral Elquivalent of War. 348 Samuel McCrea Cavert V 322674 THE BIBLICAL WORLD Volume L JULY 1917 Numbee 1 CHRISTIANIZING PATRIOTISM Patriotism has generally been regarded as a belligerent virtue. Men have been ready to fight for their country when they dodged taxes for its support. It has been easier to go to war than to go to meetings of reformers. Men have decorated the graves of dead soldiers while they were growing rich by underpaying soldiers’ children. But patriotism is outgrowing its past. Nations are less important than humanity, but only super- ideaUsts can believe that patriotism is necessarily hostile to universal brotherhood. A man loves ultimate ideals unwisely when he refuses to take a first step in their direction. We shall not reach Utopia by a miraculous leap. We shall walk to it. Pictures of terminal stations are of small value to people who refuse to travel. Whatever may be the world of a thousand years hence, the road to universal brotherhood lies through the establishment of an international morality. In the present crisis we are patriots at war. But patriotism can be made co-operative as well as belligerent. Christian patriots can render many services to their country these days, but none is more important than the evangelization of patriotism. As we are learning to make denominations a basis for interdenominationalism, can we hold nations to be elements of internationalism. We must make patriotism a consecration of our country to service in the world. We must prevent war from deadening the sense of high mission with which we enter upon war. We must make patriotism a devotion of our country to God, not a demand that God shall always do our country’s bidding. 2 THE BIBLICAL WORLD In time of war we must prepare for peace by instilling into loyalty to our nation a sense of the nation’s responsibility for morality in foreign commerce. Christians must help patriots to see that their nation has a right to exist only as it ministers to universal human weal. Morality grows by injecting higher ideals into existing con¬ ditions, customs, and institutions. Sometimes these new ideals are destructive antitoxins. So it was when ideals of human brotherhood entered a world of slave¬ holders. Such we hope will be the case when they fully enter nations that wage war. Sometimes they are transforming. So it was in the days when nationalities replaced feudal hefs. So will it be as a truly Christian public opinion fixes the relation of nations with each other. Patriotism will then consist in loyalty to one’s country as an agent in establishing international friendship within which human brotherhood can be safe. Democracy is one step toward this brotherhood. Defense of democracy is another. National co-operation in the defense of international law will be another. For a world unsafe for democracy is a world unsafe for fraternity. HOW OLD WERE CHRIST’S DISCIPLES? OTIS AND FRANK CARY Kyoto, Japan This article is interesting if for no other reason than that it is the work of father and son. But it is more interesting in the fact that it shapes up and answers questions which must have occurred to every thoughtful student of the Scriptures. It is hard indeed to realize how much biblical thought has been misled by the painters of unhistorical pictures. It is hardly likely that all of our readers will agree with the conclusions which this article reaches, but that the disciples of Jesus were young seems well established. Our mental pictures of the scenes deal are of early date and show what described in the Gospels are greatly was believed by those who, either by influenced by impressions that were personal acquaintance with the dis¬ received from the illustrated books of ciples or through what was still remem¬ our childhood and by the way those bered about them, were likely to have scenes have been depicted by the great right opinions on a matter of this kind.