INDEX A Washington Public Power Supply Aboriginal stories, 64, 193, 194–98, 201 System (WPPSS), 118–19, 120 Acapulco, 11 aftershocks, 6, 44, 51, 71, 163, 195, 231, accretionary wedge, 76, 89, 96, 97, 179 252, 256 Aceh province, xvi, 99 Alaska (see Adak Island; Anchorage; Aceves, Richard, 252 Kodiak; Palmer; Prince William Adak Island, 148, 149, 151, 152, 157 Sound; Valdez) Adams, John Alaskan earthquake and tsunami of Alpine (New Zealand) fault, 19, 1964 106–8 aftershocks, 44, 51 earthquake history of CSZ, 18, 19, 21, Alberni Inlet, 30 107, 108–9, 111, 113, 118, 119, Anchorage, 30, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46 120, 127, 135, 136, 139, 191, 221, angle of fault debate, 44–54, 66–67, 223, 224–25, 226, 227 70–72 episodic tremor and slip (ETS), 262 Bamfi eld, 30 locked tectonic plates debate, 107, 118 Benioff , Hugo, 49–50, 54 Mexico City earthquake of 1985, 19 casualties, xvii, 36, 39–40 mountain-tilting paper, 20, 109, 111, compared with 1906 California earth- 113, 118, 120, 127, 135, 136 quake, 39 turbidite-landslide debate, 108, 111, compared with Chilean earthquake of 120, 135, 136, 139, 191, 221, 1960, 39 223–25, 226, 227 damage caused by, xvii, 36–37, 39–41, 44 331 epicenter, 38, 45, 51 Andreanof Islands earthquake and eyewitness accounts, 31–35, 36, 41 tsunami of 1986, 148–53, 157 Grantz, Arthur, 43 Adak Island, 148, 149, 151, 152, 157 magnitude, xvii, 38–39 Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, 149 Meishusan Maru, 30, 31, 36 magnitude, 148 Montague Island, 45 Naval Air Station on Adak Island, 148 Plafker, George, 43–47, 48, 53–54, 59, angle of fault debate, 44–54, 66–67, 63, 127, 165 70–72, 77, 83 Prince William Sound, 38, 42, 45, animal behavior, 236, 237, 238–39, 247 46, 50 antinuclear activists, 74 seismogenic zone, 181 Applegate, Bruce, 190 tsunami reaches Crescent City, 36, 66 Arcata, 61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 73, 77, 165 tsunami strikes Port Alberni, 29–31, aseismic subduction, 18, 105, 110, 111, 34–37 118, 122, 164, 205 Turnagain Heights, 41, 44 aseismic zones, 8, 9, 11, 86, 87 USGS fi eld investigation, 43–51 asperities, 27, 155, 167, 180, 191 Alaska Standard, 41 Astoria, 102, 151, 152 Alaska Tsunami Warning Centers, 149, Astoria Bridge, 151–52 182 Astoria Canyon, 104 Alberni Inlet, 30, 117, 137, 279 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), Albert Head GPS monument, 214–18 65, 74 (see also Nuclear Regulatory Aleutian Islands, 49, 148, 149, 172, 184, Commission) 203 Atwater, Brian Aleutian Trench, 46, 51 crustal compression, measuring, Allen, Clarence, 71 126–33, 137, 154–55 Alpine (New Zealand) fault, 19, 106–8 date and time of last CSZ quake, 205 Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning earthquake history of CSZ, 126–33, Act, 68, 76 135–36, 137, 139, 140–42, 143, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 148, 154, 177, 191, 192, 194, 198, 70, 118–19, 135, 177 199, 201, 205, 210–11 Anchorage, 148, 149, 181, 212 ghost forest discovery, 126, 131, 132– Alaskan earthquake of 1964, 30, 38, 33, 140–42, 199, 200, 209–11, 229 39, 40, 41, 44, 46 locked tectonic plates debate, 126–27 Anchorage Daily News, 149 Monmouth conference, 135–37 Ando, Masataka orphan tsunami research, 205–7, 211 aseismic debate, 72, 84–86, 87, 109, 119–20, 131–32 B locked tectonic plates debate, 110, Bakun, William 119–20, 126, 128, 130 explanation of Richter scale, 22 332 Index fi rst offi cial prediction experiment in blind fault, 243 U.S., 22 Bobrowsky, Peter, 137, 192 fi rst offi cial USGS seismic predic- Bodega Head, 65, 66 tion, 23 Bolt, Bruce, 67 Parkfi eld earthquake prediction ex- bottom pressure recorder (BPR), 186–87 periment, 26–27, 249–50, 259 British Columbia (see Alberni Inlet; prediction debate, 23 Bamfi eld; Campbell River; Cape threat of great subduction quake on Scott; Port Alberni; Tofi no; Ucluelet; Juan de Fuca plate, 22 Vancouver; Vancouver Island; Balazs, Emery Victoria) aseismic debate, 72, 84–86, 87, 109, British Columbia’s Provincial Emer- 131–32 gency Program (PEP), 35 locked tectonic plates debate, 110, building codes, 14, 15–16, 252, 286, 126, 130 296–99, 310 Balch, Billy, 194, 195 Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Bamfi eld, 30, 196, 197 Zoning Act, 68, 76 Banda Aceh, xxi, 96, 208, 285, 294 Large-Scale Earthquake Counter- Barclay Canyon, 224 measures Act, 253 Barker, Doug, 294–95 quake eff ects on tall buildings, Seattle bathymetry, 62, 97, 171, 271, 278, 279, study, 296–99 289, 290 (see also computer models Bulletin of the Seismological Society of of tsunamis) America, 122 Beijing, 234, 237–38, 247 Burke, Bud, 137, 143–46 Benioff , Hugo, 48–50, 53, 54 Benioff zone, 83 C Benning, Jerry, 182–83, 186, 275 caldera, 89 Bernard, Eddie California (see Arcata; Bodega Head; comparing Cascadia event with Cape Mendocino; Coalinga; Katrina, xxi Crescent City; Eureka; Ferndale; computer models of a Cascadia tsu- Humboldt Bay; La Jolla; Los An- nami, 168–71 geles; McKinleyville; Menlo Park; computer models of Sumatra tsunami Oakland; Parkfi eld; Paso Robles; of 2004, 271–73 Petrolia; Sacramento; San Francisco; raising public awareness, 273–74, 285, Santa Cruz; Sylmar) 317–18 California Institute of Technology Sumatra 2004, response to, 270 (Caltech) tsunami warning systems, 184, 186, Benioff , Hugo, 49–50, 54 188, 274 Earthquake Engineering Research Big One, xvii, 23, 280, 282, 283, 284, 299 Laboratory, 296–97 Index 333 Heaton, Tom, 121–24, 129, 131–32, NOAA’s reaction, 167–68, 170, 285 135–39, 143, 145, 194–95, 201, Petrolia, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 296–98 170, 171, 285 Jing Yan, 296–99 signifi cance, 167 Kanamori, Hiroo, 86, 122–23, 137, 201 subduction zone, 165–66 Press, Frank, 50–51, 66–67, 70–71, 77 tsunami, 164, 167 camera, high-speed, 289 Cape Scott, 152 Campbell River, 157 Caribbean plate, 310 Cao Xianqing, 234–35, 236, 237, Carver, Deborah, 195 239–40, 241–42, 245–46, 264 Carver, Gary Mr. Earthquake, 235 crustal compression, measuring, Cape Aonae, 171 68–69, 73–74, 77, 87, 137, 143–44, Cape Disappointment, 101, 147 154, 165–66, 191 Cape Flattery, 130, 194–95 “decades of terror” scenario, 154, 155, Cape Mendocino 156, 166, 177, 191 angle of fault debate, 67, 154 earthquake history of CSZ, 69, Cascadia Subduction Zone, xviii, xix, 70, 72–74, 77, 87, 137, 143–46, 63, 65, 67, 73, 144, 154, 225, 228, 154–56, 165–67, 177, 191, 192, 230 201 Mendocino Triple Junction, 63, 65, 67 experience of Cape Mendocino earth- San Andreas fault, xix, 62, 63, 65, 67 quakes of 1992, 164–65 San Francisco earthquake of 1906, 62 PG&E nuclear power plant, 69, turbidite-landslide debate, 225, 228, 74–75, 87 230 Cascade Arc, 80 westernmost point of land, 62 Cascadia earthquake and tsunami of Cape Mendocino earthquakes of 1992 1700 aftershocks, 163 Aboriginal stories, 64, 193, 194–98, Carver, Gary, 164–65, 166–67 201 casualties, 164 date and time confi rmed by scientists, Crescent City, 164, 167 205 CSZ, 164, 167 estimate of magnitude, 204 damage caused by, 162, 164 ghost forest, discovery of, 126, 140, Dengler, Lori, 162–64, 165–67, 168 141, 142, 155, 192, 198–99, 209, epicenters, 163, 165 210, 229 eyewitness account, 162–63 orphan tsunami research, 201–9, 211 Ferndale, 161, 162, 163 projected wave height, xx, 208 ground displacement, 164, 165 speed of tsunami crossing ocean, 204 magnitude, 163 Cascadia fault (see under Cascadia Sub- main shock, 163 duction Zone) 334 Index Cascadia Region Earthquake Work- seismogenic zones, 177–78, 179, 181 group (CREW), 307–8 size and location, xvii Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) Central Aleutians Seismic Network, 149 Cascadia fault, x, xii, xvii, xviii, xx, Melbourne, Timothy, 181, 295 xxi, xxii, 18, 63, 80 Chairman Mao, 236, 244, 245 comparison of Cascadia, Alaska and Chilean earthquake of 1960 Chile subduction zones, xvi–xvii, aseismic question, 19, 42 7, 19, 22, 42, 59, 60, 70, 71, 72, 77, Bakun, William, 22 80, 86, 122, 127, 133, 136, 138, Benioff , Hugo, 49 143, 165, 201, 311 casualties, xvi–xvii, 71, 184, 204 comparison of Cascadia and San computer model, 311 Andreas faults, xvii, xix, 138 eyewitness accounts of tsunami waves, creation of Cascade Arc of volcanoes, 175 80 fault controversy, 71–72 CSZ quake compared with Hurricane ground displacement, 71–72, 86, 127, Katrina, xxi, 314 165 date and time of last Cascadia earth- magnitude, xii, xvi, 7, 22, 39, 310 quake, 205 main shock, 71, 72 earthquake triggering, xiii, xix, 262, new South American fault, 49 263 Plafker, George, 70, 71–72 extended timeline of CSZ events, 230, seafl oor spreading, 59 231–32, 234 signifi cance, 7 fi rst offi cial announcement of Casca- subduction zone, 86, 122, 138 dia quake threat, 18, 21, 130 tsunami casualties, xvii, 71, 204 ghost forest, discovery of, 126, 140, tsunami wave height, 207 141, 142, 155, 192, 198–99, 209, Wang, Kelin, 311 210, 229 Chilean earthquake of 2010, 310–11 Juan de Fuca Subduction Zone, 63, casualties, 310 85, 122–23 computer models, 311 orphan tsunamis, 202–4, 207, 208, ground displacement, successful pre- 209, 211 diction of, 311 parallels between Alpine and Casca- magnitude, xii, 310 dia faults, 108–9 new building codes, 310 Queen Charlotte fault as segment of public awareness, 311 CSZ, 83, 231 subduction zone, 310 recurrence interval for CSZ earth- Wang, Kelin, 311 quakes, xviii, 228 China syndrome, 64 relationship between San Andreas China Syndrome, Th e (fi lm), 176 and Cascadia faults, 232–33 Christchurch earthquake of 2011, xii, 311 Index 335 casualties, 311 disaster preparedness, 281–84, 314, magnitude, 311 317 Clague, John, 137, 192 wave tank experiment, 288, 291 Coalinga earthquake of 1983, 250 (see Corvallis, 96, 134, 136, 288, 293 also Bakun, William; Lindh, Allan) Cox, Dan, 288–91 magnitude, 250 Crater Lake, 89, 226 (see