DOCUMENT RESUME ED.379 510 CE 068 348 AUTHOR Scholl, Jan TITLE 4-H Textile Science Textile Arts Projects. INSTITUTION Pennsylvania State Univ., Univeriity Park. Cooperative Extension Service. PUB DATE 94 NOTE 24p.; For related documents, see CE 068 343-347. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Clothing; Clothing Design; *Clothing Instruction; *Design Crafts; Elementary Secondary Education; Extracurricular Activities; Home Economics; *Home Management; *Learning Activities; *Student Organizations; Student Projects; *Textiles Instruction IDENTIFIERS *4 H Programs; Crocheting; Knitting; Weaving ABSTRACT This packet contains three 4-H textile arts projects for students in the textile sciences area. The projects cover weaving, knitting, and crocheting. Each project provides an overview of what the student will learn, what materials are needed, and suggested projects for the area. Projects can be adapted for beginning, intermediate, or advanced levels of skills. A step-by-step plan for doing the project, with instruction sheets and line drawings is included. Also included are a project record, ideas for sharing the project with others, and suggestions for additional projects. (KC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** 4-H Textile Science Textile Arts Projects U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ofj Ice of Educational Research and Improvemont E r.1 CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 44-1-1 Textile Science -- Textile Arts Project won .0041' ass Iss Iss °la ImoIs° hances are you already know something about weaving. Maybe you'vewoven strips of construc- tion paper together in art classor helped a family ...member weave a pie crust lattice. Maybe In. project, someone tearu: you :gave you a simple loomas a gift once. Well, fabrics are Howfabrics made the very same wayby rhovingyarns over and are made under each other to hold them in place. Whatis meant the fabric by th. " c "grain"of 1417:4;. Tr, Howto weave Ways intwoor more 1,1..afk How to useweaving Howto make tools anduse a loom Iwo"Isl.° \5 iliatUetsmall items lirou orseveral A project type loomof some 011 a of clothor A wovenpiece project mei jai Materials/Aced: Fabric tomake yarns oneof the Scraps touse looms of labil ona loom Magm15/mg tapes, Parent glass andtrims or leaderor microscope to helpyou IWO PENNSTATE I College of Agricultural Sciences Cooperative Extension 21111-1101-112-Imulzi How Fabrics examine these fabrics, you'll Are 'Made need a magniting glass. Lookat "" oiec aNlY Ct°1'1. a. %I Fo make fabric,h fiber is each one. What do you see? r woup Pr vest 0201 first produced or made, Pull some yarns from scraps of vlat-i.g,Nvcavi-ls b .111 the % Hose ee V1-111 vaotkc ° then several fibers arc thbric and untwist them to find ot cxy,can 'N° ,mitt Nor rryles). Ickes twisted or plied together the smallest part, called a fiber. sfyace- bosh to form yarns. These yarnsLook at the fiber under the r oiveoplekt°"' magnifying glass. Fibers are very are woven, knitted, or gsoup matted (like felt) together. long compared to their width. loos Then a finish is added. Some are curly, while others are fuzzy, straight, or scaly. Materials for Place the magnifying glass over Mount a sample of Weaving woven, knitted, and your fabric and look again. Look Weaving can be done on your matted fabrics here: at the weave. How are the Yarns fingers, on paper plates, and on woven together? Have your other common items besides leader point out the various types regular looms. You can weave of grain. Lengthwise, crosswise, with grasses, leaves, paper, string, and true bias. pie crust, cooked spaghetti, yarn, Move the magnifying glassto recycled fabrics, and even plastic the selvage. The yarns lying bags! You can make a human lengthwise are called warp or loom, too. (See next page.) woof yarns. The yarns lying Think about reusing or recy- crosswise are called weft or tilling cling materials for yarns or for yarns. Sometimes the yarns in theyour loom. For instance, you warp and the weft arc made from could cut strips from old T-shirts. different fibers. A mesh sack that holds potatoes WOVEN Examine a pair of jeans and a or onions makes a good base for washcloth or towel. Look at bothweaving. So does burlap. You can sides of a satin fabric. How are pull out some of the yarns and they different from your fabrics? replace them with other types of Look again at the lengthwise yarns. and crosswise yarns of the fabric. Use a bodkin or a large needle These yarns make the grainline ofand thread fibers, ribbons, and the fabric and must he straight. yarns as your tilling. If you're Some fabrics are not printed on making a wall hanging, you may the grain. 1)o not buy these want to incorporate twigs, old fabrics because it will be very spoons, or other materials. difficult to get the print to drape Start by doing simple construc- and not appear crooked. They tion paper weaving. You may also KNITTED usually can't be straightened. have a loop loom that you re- ceived long ago as a gift. Get it Experionent aft" out and experiment! IPtill .1481 b0th loft Icrosswise,Wayson notice and the lengthw any true ise, anyditl&rence?bias.1)o II grain you 1It is follows Verystrong the I Onegrain and selvage. gives will Oyarns a littlenotgive that ancl Onegrain are less Wien is strong. 1I41. aft Stretelly. se. ift. 4.10 eft eftam. MATTED eft ma. 4 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 4 How a Loom Works r Boredom has always forced Human Loom people to find new ways to speed Fun for you and your friends! the weaving plums and to make If you don't have the exact the woven product more beauti- materials, improvise with ful! A heddle is a time saver. The what you do have. heddle opens an area called the shed, making it easier to go over What you need: and under the yarns all at the 100feet of polypropylene same time. The yarns are carried rope (yellow) by what is known as the shuttle 100 feet of hemp rope and pushed together by the (natural brown) cut into beater. The heddle brings up seven equal lengths (about both sheds alternately up and 14 feet each) down. 15 participants Many looms can be fitted with sheds. A popsicle stick loom is What to do: one such loom. Line up 14 participants in r two rows of seven, then When the heddle is raised or turn to face one another, Popsicle Stick forming seven pairs. Loom lowered, the yarn will move What you will need: up and down, creating a space Each pair is given one Tape or band six popsicle in between (called the shed). length of brown rope (loom warp) sticks together and drill a Alternate the shed by raising small hole in the c'mter. Line and lowering the popsicle Another participant is given up the sticks so there is 1/8 heddle loom and sliding the one end of the yellow rope inch of space between each shuttle yarn through in alter- (loom wcft) stick and the holes all line up. nate directions. To finish, Number each pair 1, 2, 1, Glue the sticks to two other untie the original knots and 2, 1, 2, 1 popsicle sticks, one at the top retie them at the edges of the weaving. Trim leftover yarn to The #1 pairs kneel, while and the other at the bottom. the #2 pairs remain stand- Let dry. A power stapler may create a fringe. ing. be used to secure the sticks. Note: When you start, you'll want to tie some of the yarn in The participant with tile Cut 11 lengths of yarn yellow rope walks over the (twice the size of the project). back so you don't have to reach so far to use the shuttle. #2 warps and under the #1 Thread six lengths through warps. Also try weaving both tightly the holes and five through the and loosely to create interest- Continue until most of the spaces. Make ends even and ing patterns in your weaving. warp space is used. The tie into a large knot at each weft person may have to end. crawl through the last few Tie one end to a sturdy passes. object and the other end to When finished, push the the waist with a belt or a piece warp and weft close to- of extra yarn. gether to see the plain Make a popsicle stick weave pattern. shuttle by cutting a "V" in each end of the stick and Human loom activity developed by sanding smooth. (You can Charlotte W. Coffman, Cornell University. also use a tongue depressor.) Wrap the yarn around from the inside of one "V" to the next several times. J L BESTcoil AVAILABLE What I learned in this project (new skills, new words) What I shared with others (presentations, helping other members, community service) TOPIC OR SKILL. DATE NUMBER IN AUDIENCE Project story r Use this space to write about your project. What did you do? What did you enjoy doing most? Least? Tell about the type of loom you used or made and the materials you selected.