This publication/ translation has been produced with the support of the EU-China Policy Dialogues Support Facility, a project co-funded by the European Union and the People’s Republic of China, implemented by a consortium lead by Grontmij | Carl Bro A/S 本项目由中国和欧盟共同资助，由 Grontmij | Carl Bro A/S 实施 The content of this report is the sole responsibility of its author/s and translators and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. 该出版物/翻译 的内容由其作者/翻译 承担唯一责任，不能被认为反映欧盟的观点。 EU–China Cooperative Research Program on Regional Policy Research Report of the Chinese Expert Group Chinese Expert Group, March 2010 Group Leader: Wang Yiming Members: Wang Qingyun, Shen Bing, Sun Xuegong, Ouyang Hui, Ding Ding, Yu Xiaoli, Gao Shiji, Liu Feng, Liu Weidong, Huang Kun - 0 - Table of Contents Research Report of the Chinese Expert Group..................................................- 0 - Foreword..............................................................................................................- 8 - Chapter 1 Economic Growth and Regional Policy...........................................- 12 - 1.1 China’s Economy Across 30 Years of Reform and Opening Up ......................- 13 - 1.1.1 The growth track of China’s economy since the reform and opening up policy.. - 13 - 1.1.2 Major Factors in the Sustained Rapid Growth of China’s Economy ................. - 16 - 1.2 Influences of Geographical and Policy Factors on Regional Development- 20 - 1.2.1 Influence of Geographical Conditions........................................................................... - 20 - 1.2.2 Evolution and Influence of China’s Regional Policy ................................................ - 22 - 1.3 Regional Development in the Eleventh 5-Year Plan Period ...........................- 26 - 1.3.1 Positive Changes in Regional Economic Development.......................................... - 26 - 1.3.2 Major Problems facing Coordinated Regional Development............................... - 30 - 1.4 Regional Policy Objectives and Policy Framework ...........................................- 33 - 1.4.1 Primary Objectives of China’s Regional Policy.......................................................... - 33 - 1.4.2 Regional Policy Framework in Future Periods.......................................................... - 35 - Chapter 2 Historical Review of Regional Policy ..............................................- 40 - 2.1 Regional Policy during the 1950s–1970s with the Focus on Balanced Regional Development ........................................................................................................- 40 - 2.1.1 Balanced Regional Development in the 1950s under the Influence of the Former Soviet Union Model ......................................................................................................................... - 40 - 2.1.2 Direction of National Production Distribution towards the Inland Unchanged during the ‘Third Front’ Construction Period (1960s–1970s)...................................... - 43 - 2.1.3 Effects of the Regional Policy ........................................................................................... - 44 - 2.2 Regional Policy Adjustments since the Late 1970s............................................- 46 - 2.2.1 The Economic Development Strategy of Coastal Areas since the Late 1980s- 47 - 2.2.2 The Coordinated Regional Development Strategy since the 1990s.................. - 48 - 2.2.3 Effects of the Regional Policy of the 1980s and the 1990s .................................. - 49 - 2.3 Implementation of the Master Strategy for Coordinated Regional Development since the Beginning of the 21st Century............................................- 51 - 2.3.1 The Strategy for the Development of Western China ............................................. - 51 - 2.3.2 The Strategy for the Rejuvenation of Old Industrial Bases in North-Eastern China..................................................................................................................................................... - 53 - 2.3.3 The Strategy for the Rise of Central China .................................................................. - 56 - - 1 - 1 2.3.4 The Strategy for the Leading Development of Eastern China ............................. - 58 - 2.3.5 Establishment of the Interactive Regional Coordination Mechanism ............. - 59 - 2.3.6 Formation of Development Priority Zones ................................................................. - 61 - 2.3.7 Effects of the Regional Development Strategy ........................................................... - 63 - Chapter 3 Definition of Regions and Regional Demarcation...........................- 65 - 3.1 Definition of Regions.....................................................................................................- 65 - 3.2 Regional Demarcations in China...............................................................................- 67 - 3.2.1 Introduction to the Administrative Divisions of China........................................... - 67 - 3.2.2 A Brief Review of China’s Regional Demarcations Before the Reform and Opening up Policy............................................................................................................................ - 69 - 3.2.3 ‘Coastal–Inland’ and Three Zone Demarcations in the Early Period of the Reform and Opening Up Policy .................................................................................................. - 72 - 3.2.4 Seven Economic Regions in the Mid 1990s .....................................................................76 3.2.5 Regional Demarcation in the New Century – the Four Blocks..................................79 3.2.6 Development Priority Zones under Formulation............................................................85 3.2.7 Special Divisions .........................................................................................................................88 3.3 Inspiration and Suggestions Obtained from the Comparison of Regional Demarcations in China and the EU – Some Preliminary Ideas ...................................98 Chapter 4 Economic and Regulative Orientations of Regional Policy...............101 4.1 The Role and Function of China’s Regional Policy in the Government’s Regulation and Control of Economic and Social Development ................................ 101 4.1.1 China’s Regional Policy in the Planned Economy Period.........................................101 4.1.2 China’s Regional Policy in the Market-Oriented Transformation Period..........102 4.2 Preferential Policies in the Four Regions of China ............................................... 103 4.2.1 Preferential Policies in Eastern China.............................................................................104 4.2.2 Preferential Policies in Western China............................................................................106 4.2.3 Preferential Policies in North-Eastern China ...............................................................106 4.2.4 Preferential Policies in Central China ..............................................................................107 4.3 Supportive Policies for Poverty-Affected Areas..................................................... 107 4.3.1 Arranging Financial Poverty Alleviation Funds............................................................108 4.3.2 Reinforcing the Management of Financial Poverty Alleviation Funds and Improving the Efficiency of Usage...............................................................................................108 4.3.3 Arranging Poverty Alleviation Loans................................................................................109 4.3.4 Promoting the Development of Poverty-Affected Areas along with the Development of Western China.....................................................................................................109 4.3.5 Carrying out Targeted Poverty Alleviation among Party and Government Organs .....................................................................................................................................................110 4.3.6 Organising the Counterpart Assistance for Poverty Alleviation between the Coastal Developed Areas and the Western Poverty-Affected Areas Successfully......110 4.3.7 Carrying forward the Fine Tradition of the Chinese Nation to Aid the Poor and Mobilise Society at all Levels to Help in Development and Construction in Poverty- Affected Areas......................................................................................................................................111 4.3.8 Organising International Exchanges and Cooperation Over Development- Oriented Poverty Alleviation ..........................................................................................................111 - 2 - 2 4.4 Differential Policies for Development Priority Areas in Different Categories ........................................................................................................................................................ 112 4.4.1 Policy Orientations for Optimised Development Areas............................................112 4.4.2 Policy Orientations for Key Development Areas..........................................................113 4.4.3 Policy Orientations for Restricted Development Areas.............................................114 4.4.4 Policy Orientations for Prohibited Development Areas ...........................................114