ORNL/TM--12074 DE93 007798 Environmental Sciences Division STATUS REPORT ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE OAK RIDGE RESERVATION Robert D. Hatcher, Jr.1 Coordinator of Report Peter J. Lemiszki 1 RaNaye B. Dreier Richard H. Ketelle 2 Richard R. Lee2 David A. Lietzke 3 William M. McMaster 4 James L. Foreman _ Suk Young Lee Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 3860 1Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1410 2Energy Division, ORNL 3Route 3, Rutledge, Tennessee 37861 41400 W. Raccoon Valley Road, HeiskeU, Tennessee 37754 Date Published--October 1992 Prepared for the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (Budget Activity EW 20 10 30 1) Prepared by the OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6285 managed by MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 _)ISTRIBUTIOi4 O;- THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED% TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 History of Geologic and Geohydrologic Work at ORNL .......................... 5 1.2 Regional Geologic Setting .............................................................................. 6 1.2.1 Physiography ..................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Geology ............................................................................................... 7 2. AVAILABLE DATA ....................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Surface Geologic Data ..................................................................................... 9 2.2 Core .................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 Geophysical Logs Database ......................................................................... 10 2.4 Seismic Reflection and Refraction Studies ................................................. 10 3. STRATIGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 11 3.2 Rome Formation ............................................................................................ 14 3.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 Previous St-udies .............................................................................. 14 3.2.3 Lithologic Description .................................................................... 15 3.2.4 Rome Formation Soils ..................................................................... 15 3.2.5 Rome Residuum .............................................................................. 16 3.3 Conasauga Group .......................................................................................... 18 3.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 General Description ....................................................................... 18 3.3.3 Pumpkin Valley Shale ................................................................... 19 3.3.4 Pumpkin Valley Shale Soil ........................................................... 23 3.3.5 Pumpkin Valley Residuum .......................................................... 24 3.3.6 Friendship Formation (Formerly Rutledge Limestone) ........... 25 3.3.7 Friendship Formation Soils .......................................................... 27 3.3.8 Rogersville Shale ............................................................................ 27 3.3.9 RogersviUe Shale Soils .................................................................. 28 3.3.10 Rogersville Residuum ................................................................... 28 3.3.11 Dismal Gap Formation (Formerly Maryville Limestone) ....... 29 3.3.12 Dismal Gap Formation Soils ........................................................ 31 3.3.13 Dismal Gap Residuum ................................................................. 32 3.3.14 Nolichucky Shale ........................................................................... 34 3.3.15 Nolichucky Shale Soils ................................................................. 38 3.3.16 Nolichucky Residuum .................................................................. 38 3.3.17 Maynardville Limestone .............................................................. 39 3.3.18 Maynardville Limestone Soils ..................................................... 40 3.3.19 Maynardville Residuum ............................................................... 41 3.4 Knox Group .................................................................................................... 41 3.4.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 41 3.4.2 General Description of Soils and Landforms ............................ 42 3.4.3 Copper Ridge Dolomite ............................................................... 45 3.4.4 Copper Ridge Soils ........................................................................ 46 3.4.5 Chepultepec Dolomite .................................................................. 47 3.4.6 Chelpultepec Soils ......................................................................... 47 3.4.7 Longview Dolomite ...................................................................... 48 3.4.8 Longview Soils ............................................................................... 48 3.4.9 Kingsport Formation .................................................................... 49 3.4.10 Kingsport Soils ................................................. .............................. 49 3.4.11 Mascot Dolomite ........................................................................... 49 3.4.12 Mascot Soils .................................................................................... 50 3.5 Chickamauga Group ..................................................................................... 51 3.5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 51 3.5.2 Bethel Valley Section ....................................................................... 51 3.5.2.1 Previous studies ................................................................ 51 3.5.2.2 Bethel Valley lithologic descriptions ............................. 54 Blackford Formation and Eidson Member of the Lincolnshire Formation ................................................. 54 Fleanor Member of the Lincolnshire Formation ............ 56 Rockdell Formation ............................................................ 56 Benbolt Formation .............................................................. 56 Bowen Formation ............................................................... 57 Witten Formation ............................................................... 57 Moccasin Formation ........................................................... 57 3.5.3 East Fork (Oak Ridge) Valley Section ........................................... 57 3.5.3.1 Previous studies ................................................................ 57 3.5.3.2 East Fork (Oak Ridge) lithologic descriptions .............. 59 Stones River Group ............................................................ 59 Pond Spring Formation ........................................... 59 Murfreesboro / Pierce Limestone ............................ 59 Ridley Limestone ...................................................... 60 Lebanon Limestone .................................................. 60 Carters Limestone .................................................... 60 Nashville Group ................................................................. 60 Hermitage Formation .............................................. 61 Cannon Limestone ................................................... 61 Catheys and Leipers Formations ........................... 61 3.5.4 Chickamauga Group Soils ............................................................. 61 3.5.5 Chickamauga Residuum ................................................................ 62 3.5.6 Chickainauga Colluvium ............................................................... 64 3.6 Reedsville Shale ............................................................................................. 65 3.7 Sequatchie Formation ................................................................................... 65 3.8 Rockwood Formation .................................................................................... 65 3.9 Reedsville Shale, Sequatchie, and Rockwood Formation Soils ............... 66 3.10 Residuum ...................................................................................................... 66 3.11 Chattanooga Shale ....................................................................................... 66 3.12 Fort Payne Formation ................................................................................. 67 3.13 Structural-lithic Unit Designations ........................................................... 68 4 OAK RIDGE RESERVATION SOIL SURVEY ................................... 69 4.1 Previous Investigations ................................................................................ 69 4.2 Surficial