IOWA STATE COLLEGE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Published on the :first day of October, January, April and J uly. EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, R. E. Buchanan. ASSOCIATE EDITORS : P. E. Brown, Secretary; C. J. Drake, A. H. F uller, I. E. Melhus, E. A. Benbrook, P. Mabel Nelson, V. E . Nelson. ADVISORY EDITORS: R. E . Buchanan, Chairman; C. J . Drake, E.W. Lind­ strom, I. E. Melhus, P. Mabel Nelson, 0. R. Sweeney. BUSINESS COMMITTEE · . P . E. •Er~wn, i::'nairmi.n; A. H . )'uller, V. E . Nelson, Jay W. Woodrow. .:. · . .:. .: .. .. .. .. : ·.. .... All manuscripts su1mittei fa::· pub~icati<'n shoam & iflir~ssed to R. E. Buchanan, Room 101 6cbnce Buildi11e, "J..i>wa • state College, Ames, Iowa. All remittances should be addressed to P . E . Brown, Bus. Mgr., Room 25 Hall of Agriculture, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Single Copies: One Dollar; Annual Subscription Three Dollars; In Canada, Three Dollars and a Quarter; Foreign, Three Dollars and a Half. Entered as second class matter at the Post Office, Ames, Iowa. THE FUNGI OF IOWA PARASITIC ON PLANTS By JOSEPH C. GILMAN AND W. ANDREW ARCHER From the Department of Botany, Iowa State College, and the Office of Mycology and Disease Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. Accepted for publication June 20, 1929. The parasitic fungi, particularly those living on plants, have been the object of investigation in Iowa from the time when G. E. Bessey first estab­ lished the Department of Botany at Iowa State College. This interest has almost become traditional with the succession -0f B. D. Halsted and L. H. Pammel to the chairananship of that department. All three of these men had the study of parasitic fungi as one of their major interests, and the herbarium -0f the college has been the repository of their activities in this field. Added to their collections was a portion of the Holway herbarium, xclusive of the smuts and rusts, coupled with the collections of the Plant isease Survey sponsored jointly by the Office of Mycology and Dis­ e e Survey of the Bureau of Plant Industry of the United States Depart­ m t of Agrieulture, and the Department of Botany of Iowa State College a earried out by the junior author. This survey, conducted in 1927, y.: lded approximately 1,200 specimens. The mass of these collections made an orderly arrangement of the fungi and their hosts seem very de­ sirable, both from the standpoint of lmowing what parasites occur in the State, and because of their potentialities as pests of the cultivated crops. Geographically, the eentral position of Iowa in the United States has increased the value of the list, because, not only is the State in the transi­ tion area from forest to grassland, east and west, but it also lies across the line of change in a north and south distribution of vegetation. These cir­ cumstances give the list a range which would be difficult to duplieate on a similar area anywhere ·else in the United States, and make it useful not only in the area under consideration, but also to a large part of the adja­ cent territory. The area under consideration has been covered by some of the most prominent collectors of parasitic fungi of the country. Among the names which are most -0ften met in the herbarium, those of E. W. D. Holway, L. H. Pammel and J. C. Arthur are outstanding for the number and qual­ ity of their specimens. Others who have frequent contributions are C. E. Bessey, B. D. Halsted, F. C. Stewart, G. W. Carver, C. M. King, J. P. Anderson, A. S. Hitchcock, T. H. Macbride and G. W. Wilson. A eount of the listed fungi and diseases shows that there are 938 fungi and diseases on 1,019 host plants. Of these 916 are fungous parasites while 22 are maladies of non-parasitic origin. Of the parasites 195 are rums, 61 are smuts, 46 memlbers of the Peo~nosporales, 26 powdery mildews, 93 species of Septoria, 88 species of Cercospora, 36 species of Phyllosticta, 12 of Cylindrosporium, 24 of Ramularia, 19 oi Fusarium, 31 bacteria. The [299] 300 JOSEPH C. GILMAN AND W. ANDREW ARCHER order showing the greatest number -0£ species is the Moniliales with 197, the Uredinales being second with 195. The largest genus is Puccinia with 107 species represented. The distribution of these parasites is shown below: DISTRIBUTION OF THE PARASITES AMONG THE FUNGI AS FOUND IN IOWA No. of species 'in each ORDERS FAMILIES GENERA genus Plasmodiophorales [1]1 Plasmodiophoraceae Plasmodiophora 1 Eubacteriales [31J Bacteriaceae Bacterium 2 Bacillus 7 Pseudomonas 22 Actinomycetales [1] Actinomycetaceae Actinomyces 1 Chytridiales [ 8] Olpidiaceae Olpidium 1 Synchytriaceae Synchytrium 5 Cladochytriaceae Physoderma 1 Urophlyctis 1 Saprolegniales [1] Saprolegniaceae Aphanomyces 1 Peronosporales [46] Albuginaceae Albugo 5 Pythiaceae Phytophthora 2 Peronosporaceae Basidiophora 1 Bremia 1 Peronospora 28 Plasmopara 7 Pseudoperonospora 1 Sclerospora 1 Entomophthorales [2] Entomophthoraceae Empusa 2 Mucorales [3] Mucoraceae Sporodinia 1 Rhizopus 1 Cephalidaceae Syncephalis 1 Perisporiales [28] Perisporiaceae Parodiella 1 Dimerosporium 1 Erysiphaceae Erysiphe 5 Microsphaera 5 Phyllactinia 1 Podosphaera 2 Sphaerotheca 5 Uncinula 8 Exoascales [8] Exoascaceae Exoascus 4 Taphrina 4 Myriangiales [1] Plectodiscelleae Plcctodiscella 1 Pezizales [16] Pezizaceae P<.'zizella 1 Caliciaceae Vibrissea 1 Helotiaceae Sclerotinia 7 Mollisiaceae Fabraea 1 Mollisia 1 Pseudopeziza 4 Pyrenopeziza 1 'Figures in brackets give number of species in each order. THE FUNGI OF IOWA PARASITIC ON PLANTS 301 No. of species in ea.ch ORDERS FAMILIES GENERA genus Phacidiales [10)1 Phacidiaceae Coccomyces 5 Rhytisma 5 Hysteriales [1] Hypodermataceae Lophodermium 1 Hemisphaeriales [1] Mierothyriaceae Diplocarpon 1 Hypocreales [18) Hypocreaceae Hypocrea 1 Hypomyces 3 Scoleconectria 1 Pleonectria 1 Gibberella 3 Balansia 1 Claviceps 3 Cordyceps 4 Epichloe 1 Dothideales [ 9] Dothideaceae Dothidella 1 Phyllachora 6 Plowrightia 2 Sphaeriales [46) Sphaeriaceae Acanthostigma 1 Ceratostomaceae Ceratostomella 1 Mycosphaerellaceae Sphaerella 1 Guignardia 3 Mycosph·aerella 11 Pleosphaerulina 1 Pleosporaceae A piosporina 1 Didymellina 1 Leptosphaeria 4 Venturia 4 Physalospora 2 Pyrenophora 1 Massariaceae Mass aria 1 Gnomoniaceae Glomerella 1 Gnomonia 6 Valsaceae Diaporthe 1 Melanconidaceae Cryptosporella 1 Melanconis 1 Melogrammataceae Botryosphaeria 1 Endothia 1 Xylariaceae Nummularia 1 Hypoxylon 1 Ustilaginales [61) U stilaginaceae Cintractia 2 Melanopsichium 1 Schizonella 1 Sorosporium 3 Sphacelotheca 2 Thecaphora 1 Tolyposporium 1 Ustilago 4 Tilletiaceae Doassansia 3 Entyloma 13 Neovossia 1 Tilletia 4 Urocystis 5 1Figures in brackets give number of species in each order. 302 JOSEPH C. GILMAN AND W. ANDREW ARCHER No. of species in each ORDERS FAMILIES GENERA genus Uredinales [195]1 Coleosporaceae Colcosporium 4 Cerotelium 1 Cronartium 3 Melampsoraceae IIyalopsora 2 Melampsora 8 Pucciniastrum 4 Pucciniaceae Gymnoconia 1 Gymnosporangium 6 Kunkelia 1 Phragmidium 10 Puccinia 107 Uromyces 38 Uropyxis 2 Imperfecti Aecidium 7 Uredinopsis 1 Agaricales [ 9] Thelephoraceae Corticium 1 Exobasidiac eae Exobasidium 2 Microstroma 1 Agaricaceae Nyctnlis 1 Armillaria 1 Pleurotus 1 Polyporaceae ]'omes 1 Poria 1 Sphaeropsidales [179] Sphaerioidaceae Ascochyta 6 Cicinnobolus 1 Coniothyrium 4 Cytospora 4 Darluca 1 Diplodia 1 Fusicoccum 1 Hendersonia 1 Kellermania 1 N eottiospora 1 Phleospora 2 Rabenhorstia 1 Phoma 9 Phomopsis 5 Phyllosticta 36 Plenodomus 1 Septoria 93 Sphaeropsis 4 Leptostromataceae A ctinopelte 1 Discosia 1 Gloeodes 1 Melasmia 1 Sacidium 1 Excipulaceae Discclla 1 Dothichiza 1 Melanconiales [40] . Melanconiaceae Colletotrichum 9 Cy lindrosporium 12 Gloeosporium 9 Hyaloceras 1 Marssonina 5 Melanconium 1 Myxosporium 2 Sphaceloma 1 1Figures in brackets give number of species in each order. THE FUNGI OF IOWA PARASITIC ON PLANTS 303 No. of species in each ORDERS FAMILIES GENERA genus Monlliales [197]1 Moniliaceae Botrytis 4 Cephalosporium 1 Cercosporella 3 Didymaria 1 Ovularia 2 Oidium 1 P enicillium 2 Piricularia 2 Polyspora 1 Ramularia 24 Septocylindrium 1 Verticillium 3 Rhynchosporium 1 Dcmatiaceae Altcrnaria 8 Basisporium 1 Cercospora 88 Cladosporium 9 Dicoccum 1 Helminthosporium 6 Hadotrichum 1 Heterosporium 1 Fusicladium 1 Gymnosporium 1 Macrosporium 6 Moniliochaetes 1 Scolecotrichum 1 Spondylocladium 1 Stilbaceae Graphium 1 Tuberculariaceae Exosporium 1 Tubercularia 1 .Tuberculina 1 Fusarium 19 Sporotrichum 1 Volutella 1 Mycelia sterilia [ 4] Sclerotium 2 Rhizoctonia 2 Non-parasitic [22] Virus 8 Non-virus 14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- Total 938 1Figures in brackets give number of species in each order. 304 JOSEPH C. GILMAN AND W. ANDREW ARCHER Of the distribution on their host plants the greatest number are found upon the Gramineae with some 250 combinations of host and parasite. The Compositae ranked second with 157, while the Rosaceae were third with 137. These were followed iby the Leguminosae, the Ranunculaceae, Solan­ aceae and Cruciferae with 89, 52, 46 and 35 combinations, respectively. The distri-bution of parasites on the various members of the plant families are tabulated below: DISTRIBUTION OF THE PARASITES ON THE VARIOUS MEMBERS OF THE PLANT FAMILIES SPERMATOPHYTA 1. Gramineae ...................................... 250 48. Verbenaceae .................................. 5 2. Compositae .................................... 156 49. Araliaceae ...................................... 4 3. Rosaceae ......................... :. ............. 137 50. Menispermaceae ............................ 4 4. Leguminosae .................................