Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85211-1 - A History of Modern Burma Michael W. Charney Index More information Index Abel, Colonel 182 Military Intelligence Service (MIS) 181–182 Adamson, Harvey 33 Navy 77 Adaptation of Expressions Law 172 Psychological Warfare Department 102 Ahlone 20 Women’s Auxiliary Corps 77 Ahuja, D. A. 5 see also Defence Services’ Institute airport (Mingaladon) 108 Asian immigrant minorities 2, 25, 45, 47, 49, 55, Akyab 18, 19, 29 81, 98, 106, 141, 142 Alan Taung 15 Chinese population of Burma 22–26, 37, 47, Alaunghpaya, King 19 126 All Burma Students’ Democratic Front Indian population of Burma 10–11, 13, 17, 22, (ABSDF) 163 24, 26, 37, 47 All-Burma, All-Sect Convention (also known as Association of Southeast Asian Nations the Hmawbi Convention) 119 (ASEAN) 179, 180, 184–186 All-Burma Buddhist Association 89 Atlantic Charter 49 All-Burma Chin National League 76 Attlee, Clement 63, 67 All-Burma Monks Alliance 198 Aung Gyi 77, 92, 98–99, 108, 111, 120–121, 126, All-Burma Peasants’ Organization (ABPO) 100 132, 170 All-Burma Pongyi Association 89 arrest and release in 1988 150, 152, 154 All-Burma Presiding Monks Association 102 first arrest (1965) and release (1967)from All-Burma Students’ Organization 48 prison 123, 136 All-Sangha All-Sect Convention of 1980 139 political leadership in 1988 149, 150, 158–159, Allied Forces 56–57, 68 165–166, 168 Amarapura 195 Aung San 2, 42–44, 46, 48, 50, 53, 54, 56–57, Anglo-Burmans and Anglo-Indians 37, 47 61–65, 68, 71, 72–74, 85, 117, 154 Anglo-Burmese Treaty 68, 70 assassination of 2, 46, 68–71, 85, 203 Anti-Boycott Act 13 economic plans for Burma’s future 81–82 Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) Aung San Suu Kyi 3, 40, 154–155, 158, 165–167, 56–57, 58, 61–62, 63–65, 68, 71, 73, 79, 85, 168, 169, 174–178, 184, 186, 190, 195, 197, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 109, 110, 125, 203 206 the 1958 Split 90–92, 101, 106, 156 wins Nobel Peace Prize 177 Clean AFPFL or Pyidaungsu Party 91, 93–94, Aung Zan Wei 68 99, 100, 101, 102, 109, 110 Australia 144 Stable AFPFL 91, 94, 99, 100, 101 Ava 195 Arakan and Arakanese 51, 74, 86, 100, 109, 126, Aye Ko, U 150 184–185 Arakan Liberation Party 143 Ba Choe, Deedok U 68 Arakan Mountains 51 Ba Gyan, U 68 Armed Forces of Burma 77, 80, 86, 90, 105, 106, Ba Maw, Dr 16, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53–54, 56, 64, 115, 131, 142, 155, 156, 159, 188 68, 71, 73 Air Force 78, 153, 159, 187 Ba Nyein, U 99, 121 Army 54, 67, 77–78, 159–160 Ba Nyun, U 69–70 234 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85211-1 - A History of Modern Burma Michael W. Charney Index More information Index 235 Ba Pe, U 47 Burmese Days 5 27, 39 Ba Sein, U 64, 68 Burmese Executive Commission 53 Ba Shin, U 77 Burmese Way to Socialism, The 109 113, 114, 121, Ba Swe, U 86, 87, 99, 100, 129 134 Ba U, Dr 86, 101 Bush, George W. 186 Ba U Gyi, Saw 67 Buthidaung 163 Ba Win, U 68 Butler, Sir Spencer Harcourt 13, 33, 35 Bama Baho government 52 Ban Hin Taek 144 Cady, John F. 1 Bandung Conference 81, 125 Cambodia 54, 128, 185 Bangladesh 23 Canada 144 Barretto, William Louis 15 caretaker regime (1958–1960) 3, 92, 93–99, 105, Bassein 166 120–121, 131, 133, 170, 192 Bhamo 163 censorship 87–88, 111–115 Bo Mya, General Saw 143, 163 censuses 8, 9 Britain 32, 33, 38, 50, 63, 70, 71, 82, 129, 144, 182 Central Institute of Public Services 178 conquest of Burma 2, 4, 5 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 77, 79 rule over Burma 5–17, 32, 46 Chamberlain, Neville 48 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 163, Chan Chor Khine 25 164 Chan Mah Phee 24–25 British Commonwealth 63, 70 Chelmsford, Lord 33 British Military Administration (BMA) 58–60 Chin Affairs Council 108 Chin ethnic group 51, 54, 65, 74, 86, 101, 102, 108 Buddha Sasana Council (BSC) 89, 117 Chin Hills 37, 66 Buddha Sasana Sangha Organisation (BSSO) Chin National Democratic Party 130 117, 119 China 23–25, 32, 50, 79–81, 86, 125, 145, 150, 178, Buddhism 30–31, 102, 104 181, 186–187, 199, 200, 205–206 Buddhism as the state religion 90, 100, Chit Hlaing, U 38 102–103, 104, 117, 206 Christianity and Christians 8, 89, 102, 119, 188 the state and Buddhism 88–90, 101–104 Churchill, Winston 48–49, 68, 82 see also monks and the monastic order cinema 32, 114–115 Bureau of Special Investigation 98 Civil Affairs Service (Burma) (CASB) 59–60, 62 Burma Citizenship Law 142–143, 168 Civil Supplies Board (CSB) 59–60 Burma Civil Service 47 Civil Supplies Department 98–99 Burma Defence Army (BDA) 53, 54, 195 Civil Supplies Management Board 105 Burma Economic Development Corporation civil war 2, 37, 73–78, 85, 101, 125–128, 143–144, (BEDC) 105, 112 163, 170, 188, 202, 204 Burma Executive Administration 53 ceasefires 188–190 Burma Freedom Bloc Organization 48, 50 cocaine 26 Burma Frontier Service 37 Cochrane, Sir Archibald 48 Burma Independence Army 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 72 Colombo Plan 178 Burma National Army (BNA) 54, 57, 121 colonial rule/state 1, 8, 10 Burma Oil Company 12 Cold War 1, 2, 77, 78–81, 88, 92, 112, 205 Burma Rifles 51 Committee to Combat Economic Insurgency Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) 3, 107, (CCEI) 98 110, 119, 122–123, 132, 134–147, 148, 202, 204 Communists 102, 148 1988 collapse of 147, 148, 150, 154, 156, 157, Burma Communist Party (BCP) 64, 70, 166, 169, 170 72–74, 76, 90, 125–127, 128, 130, 142–144, formally dissolved 165 163, 167, 188 Burma Suppression of Brothels Act 28 Communist Party of Burma (CPB) 73, 90, see also prostitution 125, 126 Burma Workers’ and Peasants’ Party (BWPP) Marxist League 73–74 79, 85, 89 Conference of States 101 Burmans 5, 7–8, 9, 26, 34, 55, 86, 91, 102, 171, Constitution of 1947 89, 99, 105, 134–135, 157, 173, 202 174 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85211-1 - A History of Modern Burma Michael W. Charney Index More information 236 Index Constitution of 1974 107, 153, 156, 174 under BSPP Government 136–140, 144–147 corruption 85, 203 under Japanese 56, 58 Council of Ministers 41, 94 under Nu 81–84 Cowen, John 27 under Revolutionary Council 109, 120–125 Craddock, Sir Reginald 34 under the SLORC-SPDC 171, 182–184, Cultural Revolution 126, 178 196–197 Curzon, Lord 7 see also Defence Services’ Institute Cyclone Nargis 199–200 elections (1947) 64–65 Dagon 192, 193 (1951) 85 Danubyu 166 (1956) 86 Darwood, J. W. 20 (1960) 100, 102 “Death Railway” 51–52 (1974) 136 Defence Services’ Institute (DSI) 99, 105 (1978) 141 Democratic Alliance of Burma 188 (1990) 3, 167–168 Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) electric power 20 188 ethnicity and nationality 9 Democratic National United Front 76 ethnic tensions, violence 25–26, 55, 148, 202 Democratization of Local Administration Europe and Europeans 22, 24, 26, 28, 37, 39, 45, Scheme 101 47, 49, 50, 79 diarchy 35–37, 40 European Union 185, 197 Dipeyin 190 Executive Council 60–61, 62, 63–64, 67, 68 Directorate of Information 113 Excise Act of 1896 26 Dobama Asi-Ayone 41 postwar organization 64, 68 France 144 see also Thakins Freedom and Democracy Act (US) 186 Dobama Sinyetha Party see Maha Bama frontier areas 46, 54, 63, 64, 65–68, 201 Sinyetha Party Furnivall, J. S. 23 Doi Sanchu 144 Fytche Square Incident 32–33 Dorman-Smith, Sir Reginald 60–61, 62, 64 Dun, General Smith 67, 77 Galon Tat 48 Galons 15–16 economy 6 Gambari, Ibrahim 197 agriculture 109, 121–125 General Council of Buddhist Associations see Burmanization of business enterprises General Council of Burmese Associations 105–106 General Council of Burmese Associations campaign against economic insurgency (GCBA) 12, 13–14, 38 98–99, 146–147 General Strike of 1946 62, 71 Central Bank, 159 Geneva Convention 178 impact of international sanctions 181, 182, geography 5 183–184, 197 Germany (including East and West) 48, 113, Import Substitution Industrialization 120–121 144–145, 182 joint venture corporations (JVCs) 99, Golden Triangle 127, 144 105–106 Government of Burma Act of 1935 41, 63 land alienation 10–12 Government of India Act of 1919 33, 40 Least Developed Country status 146 Great Depression 11, 14–15, 25, 41, 202 nationalization 82–83, 123, 136 Great Trigonometrical Survey of India 5 oil 52, 58 Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere postwar reconstruction 58–60, 81–82 (GEACPS) 53 poverty 202–203 Guomindang (GMD) 77, 79–80, 127, 189, 205 Pyidawtha scheme 82 Gymkhana Club 30 rice export economy 6, 19, 52, 56, 58, 124–125, 136–137, 145–146 Hall, D. G. E. 1 rubber 52 Hanthawaddy 10, 19 rural 6, 10 health and medicine 9, 26–28 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85211-1 - A History of Modern Burma Michael W. Charney Index More information Index 237 Hindus 23, 24, 104, 118 Karenni Progressive Party 76, 143 Hla, U 87 Kayan New Land Party 143 Hollywood 98 Kengtung 54 Khin Ma Gyi, Daw 96 Iida, General Shojiro 52–53 Khin Nyunt, Brigadier 164, 173, 174, 176, 177, India (inc.