Volume 3, Issue 1(4), January 2014 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research Published by Sucharitha Publications Visakhapatnam – 530 017 Andhra Pradesh – India Email: [email protected] website : www.ijmer.in Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Dr. Victor Babu Koppula Faculty Department of Philosophy Andhra University – Visakhapatnam -530 003 Andhra Pradesh – India EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. S.Mahendra Dev Prof. Josef HÖCHTL Vice Chancellor Department of Political Economy Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research University of Vienna, Vienna & Mumbai Ex. Member of the Austrian Parliament, Austria Prof.Y.C. Simhadri Prof. Alexander Chumakov Director Chair of Philosophy Department Institute of Constitutional and Parlimentary Russian Philosophical Society Studies, New Delhi & Formerly Vice Chancellor of Moscow, Russia Benaras Hindu University, Andhra University Nagarjuna University, Patna University Prof. Fidel Gutierrez Vivanco Founder and President Prof. (Dr.) Sohan Raj Tater Escuela Virtual de Asesoría Filosófica Former Vice Chancellor Lima Peru Singhania University , Rajasthan Prof. Igor Kondrashin Prof.K.Sreerama Murty The Member of The Russian Philosophical Society Department of Economics The Russian Humanist Society and Expert of the Andhra University - Visakhapatnam UNESCO, Moscow, Russia Prof. K.R.Rajani Dr. Zoran Vujisiæ Department of Philosophy Rector Andhra University – Visakhapatnam St. Gregory Nazianzen Orthodox Institute Universidad Rural de Guatemala, GT,U.S.A Prof. A.B.S.V.Rangarao Department of Social Work Swami Maheshwarananda Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Founder and President Shree Vishwa Deep Gurukul Prof.S.Prasanna Sree Swami Maheshwarananda Ashram Education & Department of English Research Center Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Rajasthan, India Prof. P.Sivunnaidu Dr. Momin Mohamed Naser Department of History Department of Geography Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Institute of Arab Research and Studies Cairo University, Egypt Prof. P.D.Satya Paul Department of Anthropology I KETUT DONDER Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Depasar State Institute of Hindu Dharma Indonesia Prof. Roger Wiemers Dr.K.Chaitanya Professor of Education Postdoctoral Research Fellow Lipscomb University, Nashville, USA Department of Chemistry Nanjing University of Science and Technology Prof. G.Veerraju People’s Republic of China Department of Philosophy Andhra University Dr.Merina Islam Visakhapatnam Department of Philosophy Cachar College, Assam Prof.G.Subhakar Department of Education Dr R Dhanuja Andhra University, Visakhapatnam PSG College of Arts & Science Coimbatore Dr.B.S.N.Murthy Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Bipasha Sinha GITAM University –Visakhapatnam S. S. Jalan Girls’ College University of Calcutta N.Suryanarayana (Dhanam) Calcutta Department of Philosophy Andhra University, Dr. K. John Babu Visakhapatnam Department of Journalism & Mass Comm Central University of Kashmir, Kashmir Dr.Ch.Prema Kumar Department of Philosophy Dr. H.N. Vidya Andhra University, Governement Arts College Visakhapatnam Hassan, Karnataka Dr. E.Ashok Kumar Dr.Ton Quang Cuong Department of Education Dean of Faculty of Teacher Education North- Eastern Hill University, Shillong University of Education, VNU, Hanoi © Editor-in-Chief , IJMER Typeset and Printed in India www.ijmer.in IJMER, Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, concentrates on critical and creative research in multidisciplinary traditions. This journal seeks to promote original research and cultivate a fruitful dialogue between old and new thought. Volume 3 Issue 1(4) January 2014 C O N T E N T 1. SAARC: Organization, Aspects, Constituency and 1 Working Javaid Ahmad Kumar and Mohd Ashraf Mir 2. Towards A Political Understanding of Indian Coalition 25 Governments: With A Case of Jammu and Kashmir Adfer Hussain and Mohd Ashraf Mir 3. India and The Emergence of SAARC: An Interrogation 41 Javaid Ahmad Kumar,Mohd Ashraf Mir and Asif Hussain 4. Understanding The Academic, Professional and 65 Personality Related Importance of B.Ed Course in The Field of Education Firdoos Ahmad Sheikh 5. India as a Regional Hegemon and Its Impact on The 74 Development of SAARC Javaid Ahmad Kumar, Mohd Ashraf Mir and Asif Hussain 6. Role of PDP/Congress Coalition Government in J&K 95 (2002-2008) Adfer Hussain,Javaid Ahmad Kumar and Asif Hussain 7. India and SAARC: Challenges and Opportunities 120 Javaid Ahmad Kumar and Mohd Ashraf Mir 8. Aspirations of Educated Girls in Rural India: The Case 139 of Jammu and Kashmir Gowher Ahmad Shalla 9. A Rerospective Study of SAARC: With Main Focus on 161 Issues Javaid Ahmad Kumar and Adfer Hussain 10. A Socio-Economic Profile of Female Students in 175 District Anantnag in Jammu And Kashmir Gowher Ahmad Shalla Dr. K.VICTOR BABU ISSN: 2277-7881; Impact Factor -2.735 Editor-in-Chief INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Visakhapatnam -530 003, Andhra Pradesh – India, www.ijmer.in Editorial …….. Provoking fresh thinking is certainly becoming the prime purpose of International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (IJMER). The new world era we have entered with enormous contradictions is demanding a unique understanding to face challenges. IJMER’s contents are overwhelmingly contributor, distinctive and are creating the right balance for its readers with its varied knowledge. We are happy to inform you that IJMER got the high Impact Factor 2.735, Index Copernicus Value 5.16 and IJMER is listed and indexed in 34 popular indexed organizations in the world. This academic achievement of IJMER is only author’s contribution in the past issues. I hope this journey of IJMER more benefit to future academic world. The current special issue deals with SAARC: Organization, Aspects, Constituency and Working, India and The Emergence of SAARC: An Interrogation,India and SAARC: Challenges and Opportunities,A Socio-Economic Profile of Female Students and etc. These applied topics are a fund of knowledge for their utilization. In the present special issue, we have taken up details of multidisciplinary issues discussed in academic circles. There are well written articles covering a wide range of issues that are thought provoking as well as significant in the contemporary research world. My thanks to the Members of the Editorial Board, to the readers, and in particular I sincerely recognize the efforts of the subscribers of articles. The journal thus receives its recognition from the rich contribution of assorted research papers presented by the experienced scholars and the implied commitment is generating the vision envisaged and that is spreading knowledge. I am happy to note that the readers are benefited. My personal thanks to one and all. (Dr.Victor Babu Koppula) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN : 2277-7881; IMPACT FACTOR - 2.735; IC VALUE:5.16 VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1(4), JANUARY 2014 SAARC: ORANIZATION, ASPECTS, CONSTITUENCY AND WORKING Javaid Ahmad Kumar Mohd Ashraf Mir Research Scholar Counsellor,IGNOU Institute of Kashmir Studies Rural Development University of Kashmir GDC Boys, Pulwama Jammu and Kashmir INTRODUCTION South Asia as a Region The traditional literature in international relations particularly the preponderant paradigm like realism envisaged the international system in terms of state centered and conflict oriented anarchical system. The rise of regionalism is analogous to the decline of big power strengths as well as to the eventual emergence of the multi-polarity in international system. Regional integration has been defined as ―an association of states based upon location in a given geographical proximity, for the safeguarding or promotion of the participant‘s interests and an association whose terms are ―fixed by a treaty or other arrangements . Regionalism is a preface to achieving order through which universalism can be realised. These regional tendencies have been claimed and supported by functionalism as an arrangement of states as well. Regions in international politics are described as a limited number of states linked by a geographical relationship and by a degree of mutual independence and could be differentiated according to the level and scope of exchange, formal organizations and political interdependence. The existence of any region can be defined on the basis of presence of certain specific indicators in that area which give it a shape of a region. These interests could incorporate a whole gamut of social, economic, political, cultural, historical and other factors. These set of countries should 1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN : 2277-7881; IMPACT FACTOR - 2.735; IC VALUE:5.16 VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1(4), JANUARY 2014 be sufficiently enlightened so as to understand the significance of placing cooperation above conflict in the conduct of interstate relations. This should also be bolstered by a collective desire to come together on a common plank to create some lashing mechanism for regional cooperation. These sentiments are more or less lacking among the South Asian states, as is evident in years of lack luster performance by the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Following the conception of the SAARC in 1983, very little has been actually done to promote the mechanism for collective cooperation in the subcontinent. There is a lack of cooperation in South Asia in terms of its mutual understanding, political situation and economic cooperation. The main contention is that South Asia