21 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 UPDATED OKLAHOMA OZARK FLORA A Checklist for the Vascular Flora of Ozark Plateau in Oklahoma based on the work of C.S. Wallis and records from the Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database Bruce W. Hoagland Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Geography University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0575 e-mail: [email protected] Charles Wallis’ 1959 dissertation determined using the USDA-NRCS (2007). “Vascular Plants of the Oklahoma The WOL and OC were summarized Ozarks” is one of the most important separately following Palmer et al. (1995) florisitic works for state botanists and (Tables 1 and 2). The OC was also compared conservationists. Although a number of with the rare species tracking list of the local and county floras for Oklahoma Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2007) have been published, only Wallis and C. T. to determine which species of conservation Eskew (1937) have completed regional interest were listed (Table 3). studies. Wallis’s interest in the Ozark The WOL consisted of 1,205 species or flora began with his 1953 masters thesis, 1,240 when subspecies, varieties, and hybrids “The Spermophyta of Cherokee County were added. These taxa belong to 556 genera Oklahoma,” and subsequent studies in in 131 families. In the OC, there were 303 collaboration with U. T. Waterfall at species that did not appear in the WOL, for a Oklahoma A&M (Wallis 1957; Wallis and total of 1,508 species. Subspecies, varieties, Waterfall 1953; Waterfall and Wallis 1962, and hybrids accounted for 57 additional taxa, 1963). This paper has two objectives, to increasing the total to 1,565 taxa. (Note that update the taxonomy of Wallis’s Ozark list the OC does not include Castanea dentata, (WOL) and to provide a current Ozark Opuntia phaeacantha, and Quercus coccinea species checklist (OC) by inclusion of records that which appeared in Wallis’s original list. They did not appear in WOL. Since several have since been annotated to other taxa.) decades have passed since the WOL was These taxa belong to 615 genera in 145 completed, there have been many changes families. The most speciose families in the in the taxonomy of the plants listed. WOL were the Asteraceae 213, Poaceae 172, These updates will enhance the utility of Cyperaceae 104, and Fabaceae 100. The the WOL for modern users and not genus Carex contained the most species (51) detract from Wallis’s original work. in the WOL, followed by Dichanthelium and The OC was compiled by comparing Polyogonum, each with 20 taxa. the updated WOL with the Oklahoma There were 134 taxa of non-native plants Vascular Plants Database (OVPD; or 10.8% of the total taxa in the WOL. There Hoagland et al. 2007). Nomenclature for were an additional 54 non-native taxa in the the OC follows the United States OC for a total of 188, or 12.0% of the total Department of Agriculture-Natural taxa reported. Non-native species occurred in Resources Conservation Service (USDA- 45 families. The genera with the greatest NRCS 2007). In the OC, species number of non-native species were Trifolium introduced to North America were (7 species), Bromus (5), and Polygonum (5). Hoagland, B.W. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100052 22 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Seventy-nine taxa tracked by the Elisens, and R. Tyrl. 2007. Oklahoma Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory Vascular Plants Database. University of were present in the OC (Table 3). Of Oklahoma, Norman. www.biosurvey.ou.edu these, 50 were reported by Wallis and 28 accessed 1 October 2007). were added from the OVPD. Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. 2007. Conservation ranks are assigned to taxa Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory according to level of imperilment at the working list of rare Oklahoma plants. state (S) and global (G) levels on a scale of University of Oklahoma, Norman. 1 – 5, where 1 represents a species that is (www.biosurvey.ou.edu/publicat.html imperiled and 5 a species that it is secure accessed 1 October 2007). (Groves et al. 1995). Fifty-one taxa or Palmer, M.W., G.L. Wade, and P. Neal. 1995. 66.4% of those in Table 3 were ranked as Standards for the writing of floras. G5 and thus considered demonstrably Bioscience 45: 339-345. secure at the global scale. No taxa were USDA-NRCS. 2007. The PLANTS Database ranked G1 or G2, indicating imperilment National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, at the global level. Thirty-one taxa LA 70874-4490 USA(http://plants.usda.gov (39.7%), however, were ranked as S1, 12 accessed 1 May 2007). as S2,and 19 as S1S2. The higher Wallis, C.S. 1953. The Spermatophyta of percentage of state rare species indicates Cherokee County, Oklahoma (exclusive of that many of these species are at the the Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae). western margin of their ranges in eastern M.S. thesis, Oklahoma A&M College, Oklahoma. In Oklahoma, some of Stillwater, Oklahoma. species listed in Table 3 occur only in the Wallis, C.S. 1957. Additions to the Ozarks, such as Clematis virginiana, Oklahoma flora from the Oklahoma Equisetum arvense (one location in Adair Ozarks. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 38: County), Erigenia bulbosa, Gentiana alba, 3-5. Glyceria acutiflora, Heteranthera dubia (one Wallis, C.S. 1957. Additions to the Oklahoma location in Cherokee County), Physocarpus flora from the Oklahoma Ozarks. Proc. opulifolius var. intermedius, Silene regia, and Oklahoma Acad. Sci 38: 3-5. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (Cherokee Wallis, C.S. 1959. Vascular plants of the County only). Castanea pumila var. Oklahoma Ozarks. Ph.D dissertation, ozarkensis and Silene regia are species of Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, concern and were once candidates for Oklahoma. federal listing as threatened. Wallis, C.S. and U.T. Waterfall. 1953. Additions to the Oklahoma flora from Literature Cited Cherokee County. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 34: 124-125. Eskew, C.T. 1937. The flowering plants Waterfall, U.T. and C.S. Wallis. 1962. Some of the Wichita National Forest. M.S. geographic relationships of the vascular thesis, University of Oklahoma, flora of the Oklahoma Ozarks: Studies in Norman. the composition and distribution of the Groves, C.R., M.L. Klein, and T.F. Oklahoma flora. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Breden. 1995. Natural heritage Sci. 43: 61-63. programs: public-private partnerships Waterfall, U.T. and C.S. Wallis. 1963. A list for biodiversity conservation. Wildlife of the vascular flora of the Oklahoma Society Bulletin 23: 784-790. Ozarks. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 44: Hoagland, B.W., A.K. Buthod, I.H. 11-22. Butler, P. Callahan-Crawford, W.E. Hoagland, B.W. 23 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Table 1 Summary of Wallis’s (1959) floristic list Table 3 Species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural of the Oklahoma Ozarks. Numbers outside the Heritage Inventory in the Oklahoma Ozarks. This list parentheses represent the number of species is a combination of Wallis (1959) and records from the reported, those within the parentheses represent Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database. Taxa not the total number of taxa reported, including reported in Wallis 1959 are denoted with #. Taxa are subspecies and varieties. The number of hybrids ranked according to level of imperilment at the state (S) reported is denoted with an asterisk. and global (G) levels on a scale of 1 – 5, where 1 represents a species that is imperiled and 5 a species Non- that it is secure (Groves et al. 1995). Taxonomic Group Taxa Native native G- S- Equisetophyta 0 (1*) 0 (1*) 0 Taxa rank rank Lycopodiophyta 1 1 0 Agalinis tenuifolia var. parviflora G5 S2S3 Pteridophyta 21 21 0 #Agalinis viridis G4 S1 Coniferophyta 2 2 0 Aletris farinose G5 S1S2 1,181 1,047 Magnoliophyta (1,215) (1,081) 134 Arabis shortii G5 S1S2 G4 781 Arnoglossum atriplicifolium G5 S1S2 Magnoliopsida 882 (909) (808) 101 266 Arnoglossum reniforme G4 S1S3 Liliopsida 299 (306) (273) 33 1,205 1,071 Aruncus dioicus var. pubescens G5 S1S3 Total (1,240) (1,106) 134 Asplenium bradleyi G4 S1 Table 2 Summary of all plants reported from the Oklahoma Ozarks based upon Wallis (1959) and Axonopus fissifolius G5 S1 data in the Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database. Numbers outside the parentheses represent the #Brachyelytrum erectum G5 S1 number of species reported, those within the parentheses represent the total number of taxa #Brasenia schreberi G5 S1 reported, including subspecies and varieties. The number of hybrids reported is denoted with an Callirhoe bushii G3 S3 asterisk. #Calopogon oklahomensis G4 S1 Taxonomic Non- Group Taxa Native native Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus G5 S1 Equisetophyta 3 (3; 1*) 3 (3; 1*) 0 Carex cephalophora var. cephalophora G5 S2 Lycopodiophyta 3 3 0 Carex oklahomensis G4 S2 Pteridophyta 31 (32) 31 (32) 0 #Carex oxylepis G5 S2 Coniferophyta 3 3 0 Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis G5 S2 1,481 1,280 (1,518; (1,330; #Cayaponia grandifolia G4 S1 Magnoliophyta 5*) 5*) 188 1,082 Cladrastis kentukea G4 S2S3 (1,125; 945 (983; Magnoliopsida 5*) 5*) 142 Clematis virginiana G5 S1S2 Liliopsida 381 (393) 335 (347) 46 #Collinsia verna G5 S1 1,508 1,321 Total (1,565) (1,377) 188 #Corallorrhiza odontorhiza G5 S1 Hoagland, B.W. 24 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Cotinus obovatus G4 S3 Panicum brachyanthum G5 S2S3 #Croton michauxii G5 S1 #Perideridia americana G4 S1S2 #Cypripedium kentuckiense G3 S1 #Phacelia gilioides G5 S1 Desmodium pauciflorum G5 S1 Phaseolus polystachios G4 S1 Dicentra cucullaria G5 S1S2 Philadelphus pubescens G5 S2 Draba aprica G3 S1 Physocarpus opulifolius var.intermedius G5 S1S3 #Drosera brevifolia G5 S2S3 #Pilularia americana G5 S1S2 #Equisetum arvense G5 S1 Platanthera lacera G5 S1S2 #Erigenia bulbosa G5 S1S2 #Podostemum ceratophyllum G5 S2 Fraxinus quadrangulata G5 S2S3 Rhamnus lanceolata ssp.