If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CHN~~~OL• w PROGRAMS HEARING Dl~FonB '.I,'lm SUBCOMMITTEE ON IN1'ERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OIl' TIll1 COMMITTEE ON :FOREiGN RELATIONS UNITED STArrES SENATE NINg'l'Y·FIFTII CONGln~RR t-mC'mm ~ESI."1IOX ON ()Ylm~Wll'l' en' 't'lm IX'l'lmXA'l'lOXAL X.\llCO'l'I(1l4 COX'l'UOIJ l'IWGRA~II."1 ;1[.\ Y n, 11m; Prilltl'd fol' thl' t1~(\ of tlH' ('ommitt(l(, Oil l"m'(ligll H(llntltlllH "(I,S. GOYEIlNMENT rmNTING OFFICg WASIUNG'l'ON : 10i8 _. COMMI'ITEE ON FOHEIGN RELATIONS JOHN SPAHKMAN, Alabama, Chairman FRANK CHUHCH, Idaho CLlf.'FORD P. CASE, New Jersey CLAlBOHNE PELL, Hhode Island JACOB K. JAVITS, New York GEORGE McGOVEHN, South Dakota JAMES B. PEARSON, Kansns DiCI{ CLARI<, Iowa CHARlES H. PERCY, Illinois JOSEPH R. BlDEN, JII., Delaware ROBERT P. GRIFFIN, Michigan JOr-IN GLENN, Ohio HOWARD H. BAKEH, JII., Tennessee RICHARD STONE, Florida PAUL S. SAUBANES. Maryland MURIEL HUMPHREY, Minnesota NOIIVII.L JONf:S, Chief of Staff AnNER E. K£NDIUCK, Chief Clerk SUBCOMMI'ITEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERA'£rONS GEORGE S. McGOVERN, South Dakota, Chairman CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island CHARLES H. PERCY, Illinois JOSEPH R. BlDEN, JR., Delaware HOWARD H. BAKER, JR., Tennessee Staff John R. Hitch David Kenney til) APR ~. '.'t: CONTENTS I1l'ul'ing duy: Muy !I, 1!17H ............................................................................................................. Slutl'mt'llts by·_· Alluya. lIon. 'l'onE'Y, IIttOI'I1l'Y gt·lll'rul. New l\INcico ....................................... .. 2 Alldl'rHon. Willium .J., J)t.'/luty Dit·(·ctOI', ol'lll'l'U I GoVt'!'IlIlll'lH Divisioll, OC'Ilf!"al Accounting Office ..: ................................... ,........................................ ,. 11) BOUrlll'. Pl'tt·!" Spt'ciul Assistant 10 the' Prl'sident for Hl'lIith Issul's. TIlt' \Vhitt' Iiousl' ................................................................................ ,........................ L4 Dickl·rsoll. O. It. Dt>puty COllllllissionl'r. U.S. Customs Sl'l'vict'. Dl'ptIl·tlllt'nt of thl' 'l'rl'llSur:t .. :........................................................... , ................................... lH Fink. Willilllll (1., Assistant Adllliniotl'lltor. Ornel' of Intl'lJigl'ncl'. Drug Bnforcl'lllent Administmtion. Dcpllt'tml.'nt of Justicl' ................................. .. 2·1 SavlI. Chari!'s, Associa1l' Commission!'!' rOI' gnfol'cl'll1l'nt. Immigration and NlltUl'ulizaticlI) Sl'rvicl'. Dl'partllll'nt of Justic(' ............................................ .. Stroup. Kl'ith. CXl'cutive director. Nationnl Orgnnizution for tilt' Ul'fol'lll of Mal'ihuu1\a Luws, Wmlhin.,"tun. n.c. uccompunied by Peter H. Mevers, chier counsel. NORML; grie Sirulnik. professor. Gt'org'l' Wnshington Univl'rsity Luw School ...................................................................................... 36 Will ill nlS, Richard, Assistunt Director. Domestic Policy Stuff', 'fhl' Whitl' IIousl' ................................................................... ,................................................. 27 Insl'rtiolls for the record: P"epatl'd statNIl(>llt of Willinm J. Andl'rson ..................................................... 17 PI'(>put'l'd stutl'nll'nt of G. n. Dicklll'sotl ............................................................ .. 20 p~{'p •.H·ed stlltl'ment or Richllrd J. Willimns .......... .. ....................................... 28 Audit, onal informntioll supplied by Mr. Bournl' .............................................. :34 PI·t'pnrl'd stutl'm('nt and uttnchml'nts of Mr. Stroup ..................................... .. 42 ,UII INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CON'l'ROL PROGRAMS-MEXICO 'I'UESDAY, MAY 9, 1978 UNITED S'lWrES SENA'l'E, SUDCOMMIT'rEE ON IN'I'ERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OF THE COMMI'rTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, D. C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:30 p.m., in room 4221, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. George McGovern (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Senator McGovern. Senator MCGOVERN. One of the problems with afternoon hear­ ings is that we sometimes have to compete with Senate roUcalIs. We are in the middle of a series. I have already voted on the first two, but there may be a third one shortly. If that happens, we will go until the middle of the rollcall, and then I will have to ask you to wait until I get back. OPENING S1'A'l'EMENT This afternoon the Subcommittee on International Operations is holding an oversight hearing on the $40 million-per-year inter­ national narcotics control program. 'roday's hearing will focus on the flow of illicit drugs across the United States-Mexico border and the U.S. Government response and performance in border drug interdiction. In this connection, there have been a number of reports that Federal agencies responsible for law enforcement along the border operate almost independently, with little coordination and often duplicating each other's activities. In the judgment of many observ­ ers, these separate yet similar lines of effort are diluting border coverage and control. If this is true, perhaps we can try to clean up our own acts at our own borders before we start criticizing coun­ tries like Mexico for their drug control shortcomings. Since the late 19th Mntury, this cG._htry has invested a consider­ able amount of energy in the effort to prevent the nonmedical use of narcotics and other dangerous drugs. Beginning in 1870, with the imposition of a duty on the importation of opiumi the Federal Government has assumed a progressively larger role in the at· tempt to deal with this phenomenon. In our own time, and espe­ cially during the past decade, that role has expanded considerablv, embracing a broad spectrum of activities, both at home and abroaCl. On the international level, we fund an assistance pro~am to pro­ mote the antidrug activities of other nations. In addition, we have (1) 2 carried our own law enforcement efforts overseas and have estab­ lished a network of Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents in key drug-producing fOl'eign countries. WITNESSES This afternoon's hearing, in the form of a panel, will focus on the problem of the management of our own borders as that function relates to the flow of drugs into the United States. Following the panel, the subcommittee will hear from Keith Stroup, executive director, National Orgal1ization for the Reform of Marihuana Laws, on the pal'aquat issue. The subcommittee is interested in hearing about our border nar­ cotics efforts. To get a balanced picture, we have sought the views of concerned State officials as well as those of the principal Federal agencies involved. I think in this respect we are fortUnate in having with us today the attorney general of New Mexico, Mr. T.. dey Anaya, who has taken a deep interest in this issue and has provided strong and forceful leadership on this subject. We are also pleased to have with us Dr. Peter Bourne, Special Assistant to the President for Health Issues. From the Federal agencies, we have Mr. William Anderson, Deputy Director, General Government Division, General Accounting Office; Mr. G. R. Dicker­ son, Deputy Commissioner, Enforcement, Immigration and Natu­ ralization Services; and Mr. Gordon Fink, Assistant Administrator for the Office of Intelligence, Drug Enforcement Administration. Gentlemen, on behalf of myself and the subcommittee, we want to welcome you here this afternoon. In view of the fact that we have a number of witnesses to be heard, I suggest each one of you open with a brief statement and then we will save more time for the questions. We will begin with Mr. Anaya. STATEMENT OF nON. TONEY ANAYA, ATTORNEY GENERAL, NEW MEXICO Mr. ANAYA. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I greatly appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today and present to you some of the activities the border States them­ selves have been involved in and why this issue is of great impor­ tance to us. I do have a prepared statement which I would respectfully submit in its entirety for the record, and would attempt to summa­ rize it. Senator MCGOVERN. All right, without objection, all of the pre­ pared statements will be printed in the record and each of you can summarize the highlights of your statement. Mr. ANAYA. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. EXTENT OF NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING PROBLEM Most of the remarks I make will pertain to New Mexico, but could easily apply to Arizona, Texas, and California, the four border States borderin~ Mexico. The probleJm of narcotics traffick­ ing is a big problem In New Mexico. It is, beyond a doubt, our single biggest crime problem in the State. It is compounded by the 3 fact that we do border Mexico, and the heavy traffic-we are a conduit, the State of New Mexico is a conduit for the narcotics trafficking from Mexico and other South American countries. In 1975, by way of emphasizing th,') extent to the problem, the latest DEA figures we have available show that 89 percent of the heroin reaching us came from poppies grown in Mexico. Of the marihuana coming to the United States, 75 percent originated in Mexico. A third of the Colombian cocaine passed through Mexico, and one-third of the dangerous drugs entered from Mexico. To the extent that these figures have changed, perhaps some of the other Federal officials might bring us up to date, but it high­ lights the extent to the problem, Mr. Chairman, that we face with our bordering with Mexico. We have many wide-open spaces with many landing strips for small aircraft. There is