Haggadah at the Source: A Reader 2008 by Rabbi Reuven Z. Cohn ©2000‐2008 Rabbi Reuven Z. Cohn All rights reserved. For permission to reprint, contact the author at [email protected] Table of Contents Reference Sheets Talmud‐ The Six Orders of the Mishnah 1 Generations of the Talmud 2 Core Texts 1. The Classic Haggadah 3 2. Mishnah Pesachim, Chapter 10 17 3. Tosefta Pesachim, Chapter 10 21 Biblical Verses 4. Deuteronomy 26 The verses 24 Key to fonts נרקיסים .Mishnah: generally in Narkisim, a serif font; enclosed in a black box ¾ אריאל .Tosefta: in Arial, a sans‐serif font; enclosed in a gray box ¾ ¾ Comparing Tosefta to Mishnah: Tosefta text that is also in the Mishnah is in Times New Roman, a serif font, in both text and translation, but is underlined and bolded in the Hebrew text only. ששה סדרי משנה Reference: The Six Orders of the Mishnah I. Zera’im – Seeds IV. Nezikin – Damages BJ Berachot Blessings Baba Kamma Torts BJ (Lev. 19: 9-10) J Peah Gleanings Baba Metzia Civil law BJ J Demai Doubtfully tithed produce Baba Batra Property law BJ (Deut.22: 9-11) J Kilayim Diverse Kinds Sanhedrin Courts BJ ’ (Ex. 23:10-11) J Shevi it Sabbatical Year Makkot Lashes (Deut. 25:2) BJ Terumot Raised Offerings Shevu’ot Oaths BJ (Lev. 22:10-14) J Eduyyot Testimonies on traditions M Ma’aserot Tithes (Num. 18:21) J Avodah Zarah Idolatry BJ Ma’aser Sheni Second Tithe (Deut.14:22ff.) J Avot Ethical maxims M Challah Dough Offerings Horayot Incorrect court rulings (Num. 15: 17-21) J (Lev. 4:22ff.) BJ Orlah Fruit of young trees (Lev. 19: 23-25) J V. Kodoshim – Holy Things Bikkurim Firstfruits (Deut. 26:1-11) J Zevachim Animal sacrifices B II. Mo’ed – Holidays Menachot Flour offerings B Chullin Animals slaughtered for food B Shabbat The Sabbath BJ Bechorot First borns (Deut.15:19ff.) B Eruvin Sabbath boundaries BJ Arachin Vows based on valuation Pesachim Passover BJ (Lev.27:1-8) B Shekalim The Shekel dues Temurah The substituted offering (Ex. 30: 11-16) J (Lev. 27:10) B Yoma Yom Kippur BJ Keritot Extirpation (Lev. 18:29) B Sukkah Tabernacles BJ Me’ilah Sacrileges (Lev. 5:15-16) B Betzah Festival laws BJ Tamid Daily sacrifice (Num. 28:3-4) B Rosh haShanah New Year and calendar BJ Middot Dimensions of the Temple M Ta’anit Fast days BJ Kinnim The bird offering (Lev. 5:7ff.) M Megillah Purim BJ Mo’ed Katan Festival Intermediate days BJ VI. Tohorot – Pure Things Chagigah Festival sacrifices (Deut. 16: 16-17) BJ Kelim Impurity of articles M Oholot Impurity by being under III. Nashim – Women the same roof (Num.19: 14-15) M Nega’im Leprosy (Lev. 13,14) M Yevamot Levirate marriage (Deut. 25:5-10) BJ Parah The Red Heifer (Num. 19) M Ketubbot The marriage contract BJ Tohorot Purity M Nedarim Vows (Num. 30) BJ Mikva’ot Ritual bathing M Nazir The Nazirite (Num. 6) BJ Niddah The menstruant BJ Sotah The suspected wife Machshirin Liquid predisposing food to (Num. 5:11ff.) BJ impurity (Lev. 11:38) M Gittin Divorce BJ Zavin Body fluxes (Lev. 15) M Kiddushin Marriage BJ Tevul Yom Impurity between immersion and sunset (Lev. 22: 6-7) M Yadayim Impurity of hands M Key Uktzin Stalks – parts of plants M - Tractate has neither Babylonian nor Jerusalem Talmud susceptible to impurity M BJ - Tractate has both Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmud Based on Encyclopedia Judaica B or J - Tractate has only one of the Talmudim Note: All tractates have Tosefta except: Avot, Tamid, Middot, Kinnim. ©2000-2007, Rabbi Reuven Z. Cohn 1 Reference: Generations of the Talmud Generations of Tannaim 1. First Generation Leader in 70 C.E. Rabban Yochanan b. Zakkai Guides transition to Yavneh. 2. Second Generation Rabbi Joshua Rabbi Eliezer Students of Rabban Gamaliel Descendant of Rabban of Yavneh Hillel. Yochanan b. Grandfather of Zakkai. Rebbi 3. Third Generation Rabbi Akiva Rabbi Yishma’el Leading tanna, Interpreter of Supporter of Scripture Bar Kochba …………………Bar Kochba Rebellion 132-135 C. E.………………… 4. Fourth Generation R. Meir Beruria Rabban Shimon Leads in Galilee Surviving R. Judah b. Gamaliel after Bar Kochba students of The only Rebellion. R. Yossi R. Akiva. woman in R. Shimon Drive to role of tanna [bar Yochai] finalize R. Elazar Mishnah 5. Fifth Generation Editor of Mishnah. ’Nasi = ‘ Prince רבי Rabbi Judah haNasi – Rebbi or ‘Patriarch’ Generations of Amoraim Land of Israel Babylonia 1. R. Shimon b.Yehotzadak / R. Oshaya Rabba/ 1. Rav Abba Aricha, student of Rebbi, returns home 219 d. 247 d. 247 / R. Joshua b. Levi – Lod / R.Yannai – Galilee Samuel expert in business law; d. 254 2. R. Yochanan d. 279 and Resh Lakish – Tiberias/ 2. Rav Judah [b. Yechezkel] d. 299 / Rav Huna d. 297 / R. Elazar [b. Pedat] from Babylonia . Rav Hisda d. 309 / Rav Nachman 3. R. Avahu – Caesaria / R. Zeira from Babylonia/ 3. Rabba d. 320 / Rav Joseph d. 323 R. Ammi / R. Assi / R. Hiyya bar Abba from Babylonia/ R. Samuel bar Nachman Aggadah Roman Empire adopts Christianity 4. R. Dimi and Rabin / nechuti, connecting the two centers 4. Abbaye d. 338 / Rava d. 352 / R. Chelbo / R. Yirmiyah from Babylonia Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak d. 356 5. R. Tanhuma Aggadah / R. Yossi bar Abin/ 5. Rav Pappa d. 376 R. Manna / R. Hananiah – Tzippori 6. Rav Ashi d. 424 / Ravina / Amemar / Mar Zutra M 7. Mar bar Rav Ashi d. 468 8. Ravina [bar Rav Huna] d. 500 Dates listed for amoraic era are from Epistle of Sherira Gaon (written 987) as interpreted by I. Gafni, The Jews of Babylonia in the Talmudic Era, p.245. ©2000-2007, Rabbi Reuven Z. Cohn 2 The Classic Haggadah Page 1 of 14 Kadesh The seder opens with the recital of the Kiddush קַדֵשׁ ,Blessed are You, Lord, our God, Ruler of the universe 1.1 ָ בּר וּ ךְ אַתָּה יי ֱ א ֵ לֹהינוּ מ ֶ ֶלךְ ָ העוֹלָם .who creates the fruit of the vine בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָפֶן ,Blessed are You, Lord, our God, Ruler of the universe 1.2 ָ בּר וּ ךְ ָאַתּה יי ֱ א ֵ לֹהינוּ מ ֶ ֶלךְ ָ העוֹלָם ,who has chosen us from all people אֲשֶׁר בָּחַר ָ בּנוּ מִכָּל עָם ,and raised us above all tongues וְרוֹמ ָ ְמנוּ מִכָּל ָ לשׁוֹן .and made us holy through his mitzvot וְקִדּ ָ ְשׁנוּ בְּמ ְ ִצ ָ וֹתיו. And you have given us, Lord, our God, in love וַתִּתֶּן ָ לנוּ יי ֱ א ֵ לֹהינוּ ְ בּאַהֲבָה ,festivals for happiness מוֹע ִ ֲדים לְשִׂמְחָה, ,feasts and festive seasons for rejoicing חַגִּים וּזְמַנִּ ים ל ָ ְשׂשׂוֹן, ,this day of Chag haMatzot אֶת יוֹם חַג ה ַ ַמצוֹת הַזֶה, ,the time of our freedom, a holy convocation זְמַן ֵ ח ֵ רוּתנוּ מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ, .a remembrance of the exodus from Egypt זֵכֶר ִ ל ִ יציאַת מִצְרָיִם. For you have chosen us and sanctified us from all כִּי ָ בנוּ בָחַר ְָתּ ָ וְאוֹתנוּ קִדַּשׁ ְָתּ מִכָּל the nations, and your holy festivals in happiness ה ַָע ִ מּים, וּמוֹעֲדֵי קָדְשֶָך בְּשִׂמְחָה .and joy you have given us as a heritage וּב ָ ְשׂשׂוֹן ִ הנְחַל ָ ְתּנוּ. .Blessed are You, Lord, who sanctifies Israel and the seasons ָ בּר וּ ךְ אַתָּה יי מְקַדֵּשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהַזְּמַנִּ ים. ,Blessed are You, Lord, our God, Ruler of the universe 1.3 ָ בּר וּ ךְ אַתָּה יי ֱ א ֵ לֹהינוּ מ ֶ ֶלךְ ָ העוֹלָם .who creates the lights of fire בּוֹרֵא ְ מאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ. ,Blessed are You, God, our God, Ruler of the universe 1.4 ָ בּר וּ ךְ אַתָּה יי ֱ א ֵ לֹהינוּ מ ֶ ֶלךְ ָ העוֹלָם who distinguishes between sacred and profane, between light and הַמַב ִ ְדיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ ְ לחֹל, בֵּין אוֹר ְ ל ֶ חשׁךְ , darkness, between Israel and the nations, between the seventh day and בֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל לָע ִ ַמּים, בֵּין יוֹם הַשּׁ ִ ְביעִי לְשֵׁשֶׁת the six work-days. Between the holiness of the Shabbat יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה. בֵּין קְדֻשַּׁת שַׁבָּת .and the holiness of the festival , you have distinguished לִקְדֻשַּׁת יוֹם טוֹב הִבְדַּל ְָתּ, .and you have sanctified the seventh day above the six work-days וְאֶת יוֹם הַשּׁ ִ ְביעִי מִשֵּׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה קִדַּשׁ ְָתּ. .You have set apart and made holy Your people Israel with Your holiness הִבְדַּל ְָתּ וְקִדַּשׁ ְָתּ אֶת עַמְָּך יִשְׂרָאֵל ִבּקְדֻשָּׁתֶָך. .Blessed are You, Lord, who distinguishes between holy and holy ָ בּר וּ ךְ אַתָּה יי הַמַּב ִ ְדיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ ְ לקֹדֶשׁ. ,Blessed are You, Lord, our God, Ruler of the universe 1.5 ָ בּר וּ ךְ אַתָּה יי ֱ א ֵ לֹהינוּ מ ֶ ֶלךְ ָ העוֹלָם .who gave us life, sustained us, and brought us to this time שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ וְק ָ ִיְּמנוּ וְהִגִּ ָ יענוּ לַזְּמַן הַזֶה. Urchatz Wash hands in preparation for Karpas 2.1 וּרְחַץ without reciting the hand-washing blessing :Karpas Dip vegetable in salt water, and recite 2.2 כַּרְפַּס ,Blessed are You, Lord, our God, Ruler of the universe ָ בּר וּ ךְ ָאַתּה יי ֱ א ֵ לֹהינוּ מ ֶ ֶלךְ ָ העוֹלָם .who creates the fruit of the earth בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה. Yachatz 2.3 יַ ַחץ Break middle matzah, putting away half for afikomen [15.7 below] Magid [3.1-14.1] Magid opens with a recital in Aramaic ַמ גִּ יד This is the bread of affliction that our fathers ate 3.1 הָא לַחְמָא עַנְיָא דִי א ָ ֲכלוּ אַבְהָתָנ ָא .in the land of Egypt ְבּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם.