- DEPARTMENT OF THEI OR . BUREAU OF EDUCATION BULLETIN, 1927,No. 13 STATISTICSOF ,STATE. SCHOQLSYSTEMS '1924-1925 I PREPARED IN THEDIVISION OF STATISTICS FRANK M. PHILLIPS 'CHIEF . 4 II [Advance sheett from theBiennial Survey of Eclucationin the United States, 19241926f . %% % .. _-_-4e-V_OF7¿4., &",, .r.,. ! ..mt 11, ,9. ,. , ,t '., It, "" " I. 41 a 1. ' UNITED STATES . GOVERNMENT PRINTINGOFFICE WASHINGTON . I9V N110 c, I, ip .t :..!, . " . .r..,;;;;4.- t . e. 11.111-- .411, r -- I. 41, A b. 41,1 a a 1 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION ILLY BEPROCURED nowt THE SUPERINTENDENT OFDOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTINGOFFICE , WASHINGTON, IX-C. AT . .16 CENTS PER COPY b. T. 4011. 5. 41, 4 0 I-% .. or . I 111: .... , .. ...., i 1 . .' . d .... F'L 1 i; 41 , A . v ,. , 6 ,, i L 41 SimuSzl... i ...A. br, . 1.11: . Is.% .. .. 1.. 1'. ..,.- . ...- " ; - ,.._j_kr,j2.t..--121.0.. kit Lij: 0:-.4 . .; , . t- t . 4 STATISTICS. OFSTA'M SCHOOLSYSTEMS,1924-25 'b Statistics of kindergartensand of elemezitary andhigh schools, supported by public fundsin the various States,aregiven'intfiis report.The major itemspresent,edincludetotalenrollments, high-schOol enrollments,averagedaily attendance- inall schools, number of teachers, number ofschool buildings, valueof school property, and expenditures.The dataarefor the schoolyear 1924-25, excepting fortwo states, Arizona and Wyoming, which amfor 1923-24.Data for private schoolsare notincludedbecause theyareincomplete. .Since 1925 marks .the closeof the firstquarterof the twentietji century, advantage is taken of theopportunityto review theprog- ressimadein that period and'to showafew of the trends. Certain increases andimproementsover1924areworthy of notice.,Total enrollments increasedfrom 24,288,808to 24,650,291, while high-school enrollmentsincreased 'from3,389,878 .to 3,650,903. Average daily attendanceincreased from19,132,451 to 19,838,384, and number ofteachers from 761,308to 777,945.The number of school buildings decreased4,421, but the. value of sclloolproperty increased $507,548;186.Total expenditures increasedfrom $1,820,- 743,936 to $1,946,096,912. Theper centwhich the school population(those ofages 5 to 17 inclusive) is -of the totalpopulatipn has decreasedfrom31.3per cent in 1870 to 26.6 pet:cent in 1925, but theper centof population enrolled has increasedfrom 17.8per cent to 21.7 per cent in thesame time. Since1 924 theper centwhich ,the number ofpupils enrolledin high schools is ofthe totel enrollment has increaseafrom14 pier cent to 14.8 per cent.Thepercentage of attendance _in all schools, in- creased from78.8 to 80.5.Length of session increased1.3 days, and average number of days attended by all childen enrolledincreased 4 days frAm41924to 1925.Salarks of teachersincreased$25per annum, andperpupil coit increased$2.93, making theamountper pupil-inaveragedaily attendince$98.10 in 1925. Reductionin amounts ofcurrent expenditures and outlaysare notedin,these States: Alpbama,California, Maine,Minnesota, e s 1 a 4 2 BIENNIAL S7RVEY OF EaUCATION, 1924-1926 . 1 Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota,Ohio,Oklahoiaa,and South Dakota.Reduction in enrollmentsarenoted in Alabama,Colorado, Georgia, Kansas, Montana, New Hampshire,New Mexico, North Dakota, Texas, Vermont,Virginia, and West Virginia.Reduction- in high4choo1 enrollment is indicatedin Colorado, Maine, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, andVermont, althoughthe increase in high-school enrollments for theenitedStates is 7.7per centoverthat for 1924.Thetwo-year increase from 1922to 1924 is 14per cent. TWENTY-F/VE YEARS OF PROGRESS From 1900 to 1925 the populationof the United Statesincreased 50.11per cent.The birthrate has been falling off,sothat thepbpu- lation of schoolagehasnot keptpaçewith the generalpopulation. Thegroup5 to 17yearsofage,inclusive, has increased38.78per cent, while the 5 to 14age groupincreased 39.34per cent.Total enrollments in public schools have increased59per centduring the past quarter ofacentury.Thegreatest increase is in the high school, 603.11percent, while the elementary school enrollment hasincreased only 40.15per cent, anincrease slightly.greaterthan the increasein the schoolcensus.The 'Umber of pupilsinaveragedaily .attend- ancehas increased 86.58per centduring this period., and thenumber of teichers, 83.89percent. The number of school buildings has increasedonly 4.4,per cent since 1900.This low increase is due largelyto the fact thatmany one-roomsChoolbuildings have beenreplaced by union,consolidated, orcentralized schools,one newbuilding taking theplace of fouror five smaller buildings.The numbei ofone-roomschools is smaller by 37,175 thati itwasin 1918. Original costs generally determine thevalue of schoolproperties, sothat inflated values donot account forany partof the increase in value.The value in schoolproperty has increased 673.05per cent dining the past 25years.This Showá that largerand better buildings. must have replacedsmallerbuildings of lesser value... Other increasesareshown graphically in thefollowing diagrams and graphs: Fiiure 1. shows, byfive-year periods, increasesin the- annual salaries of teachers, superiTiscirs,and principals. Since the purchasingpowerof theadoIlar has fluctuatedmaterially during thisperiod,theseaveragesalariesaredeflated,oractjusted, by using the cost of living' index published"by the Bureauof Labor Statistics.The purchasingpowerof the 1613 dollaris taken a4a base.Fpr 1905 the index is estimatedto be 80per centof the 1 3 base.No index has been computedfor 1900y Previousto 1913tke "1. , 4 I STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS,1924-1925 . 3 ,dollar would buymoregoods thanit did in1913.Since the base year,the dollar has lostsomeof thepurchasingpowerthat it had in I 1913.In 1920asalary of$871 bought less goodsthan didasalary of $386 in 1905, thedifferenceamountingto 46 of the 1913dollars. In 1925 it took ahaveragesalary of$1,252 to purchaseas\muchas $726woulcihave purchasedin 1913.Both actualand adjusted figuresareshown the graph. Figure 2 shows the tiveragenumber, of daysthat schoolswerein session in'the UnitedStates foreach five-yearperiod from1900 to .. 11111111.1111111111111111MINIMIIREIPPRIMIOIRMIRIMINIIIIW AVERAGE ANNUAL SALARIESOF TEACHERS, SUPEROISORS,AND PRINCIPALS,ACTUAL AND . ADJUSTED, 1900-ISII?S w s S971 06 IMO ;, SIM 2443 .S41,5 .e0°. 4437.. SJOG 11.30 5325 .0 .1% /°° /> L. troo.g. 1900 1.909 1 *I 0 1916 1910 Ihas ACTUAL CEM3ADJUSTED . 1925or,in other words,the schoolopportunity for thosepf schoolage. The diagramshows also thenumber of daysactually used bythose enrolled andtheper centof the totalopp9rtunity usedby those enrolled.Length ofsession hasincreased17.53per cent&and the number of daysattenclexl bythose ,enrolled hasincreased3,7.88per cent during thewhole 25-yearperiod.Theaverage number of days of attendançoby those of schoolageincreased57.66per centduring this period.4n1900, public sChoolswere,in sessionfor 144.3 days. In1925, the length ofsession hadincreasedto 169.6 days.During the periodfrom 1900to 1925, theaveragenumber,of daysattended 3 by thoseenrolled increasedfrom 99to 136.5 days.Thepercentage GP 4 BIENNiALSURVEYOF EDUCATION, 1924-1926 1 of %attendance increased from 68.6to 80.5.During -this 25-year' period thepercentage of ,the session not use4 by those enrolled decreased from 31.4to 19.5. -! Figure 3 showspercapita costs- of public schoolsupOn thdbasis of total population from 1900to 1925.The totalamount e;xpended aNmEINNI am* AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS SCHOOLS WERE 1 N . SESSION AND AMOUNTUS.E0 BY . THOSEI ENROLLED, 1900-1925. , 16 9.6 411. 161.9 .9# 157.5 159.4 150.9 .` 144.3 E A 138.S I' 121.2 121.2 113.0 r 105.2 99.0 I. 4. J 4' . 5 684E4 69.754 72.4:4 76.0 74.97 80.516 1900 1905 1910 19 15 1920 1925 FIG.2. increased from $214,964,618 in1900 to $1,946,196,912 in 1925,an increase of 805.31per centduring the whole period.Thepercapita . of populationcostincreased.503.87per cent, orfrom $2.84 in 1900 to $17.15 in 1925.The dataareshown in Table 1. In Figure 4areshownpercapita cOstsuponthe basis of the number of pupils inaveragedaily attendance.These costaareadjusted to 1 STATISTICS OFSTATE SCHOOLSYSTEMS, 1924-1925 3. meet the change in the purchasingvalue of thi:,dollar, the1913aollar being takenasthe basis foradjustment. The1920percapitacost, although nearly twiceashighasthat in1910, NI?asnot sufficientto purchaseasmuch materialasthe 1910amount. PER CAPITAOF POPULATION COST OFPUBLIC I. 3CMOO!..S, 1900.61925. Wi 317.15 I 0.1 11 V . $6.63 SW' $4.64 11) t. 13;53 s. V2.84 . ,4gbt .1 I .1 1900 1905 1910., 1915 .1020 192$ FIG. 3. Agradual increasein actualpercápita Costsoccursfrom1900 to 1910, thena more rapid increase until 1922, after .whichthe' annual. increase drops off gradually until-1925.Thecurveshowing actual . costs has the appearance-ofreachingalimit in heightwithin the nexi ; . BIENNIAL SURVEYorEDUATION,1924-1926 al fewyears.The actual and the adjustedvaluesaregiven in the follQwing table: .1 Costsof public schoolsper capita ofaveragedaily attendance, Actual t, 1 Year Adjusted Year ActualAdjusted coat cost cost cost 1900 $20. 21 1916,...... _.____$41. 72 $39. 49 1 1905 25. 40 $31. 75 1918 _ a. 49. 12 34, 49 ! 1910__ _--- 33. 23. 35. 73 1920 ...___ 64. 16 32. 19 1913:_ _,........ 38. 31 38. 31 1i.1922,-_ _ . 85. 76 49. 20 1914.. iM... .._ ! __ _ __-_. i39. 04 38. 12 1924 1 95. 17 54. 95 1915- 40. 43 39. 25 1925_:__ _ . 98. 10 56. 87 -I COSTPER CAPITAOF PUPI LS IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS ACTUAL, AND ADJUSTED, 1,900- 192$. 100 \ T . e 90 JI 1 r I SO is......o . o .. % 70 I 60 . 4 SO 1 40 1- .. 7 se' - - so° ftlip 1