Index 629 INDEX A Abbreviations, 6 Abu Musa Island, 36, 56, 68, 279 Achille Lauro (Italy), 128, 140 Acknowledgments, 2 Acronyms, 6 Aggression. See also Armed Attack; Blockade, Law of; Crimes Against Peace; Law of War; Self-Defense; Warships. Definition, 116-17 (armed attack), 119, 122 Definition of Aggression Resolution, 116, 138 Ships & Shipping, 57, 118-20 United Nations Action, 163 United Nations Charter, 112-13 Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZ). See High Seas. Airspace Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZs), 410. See also High Seas. Contiguous Zone, 410. See also Law of the Sea. High Seas, 128,256,355,410-11. See also High Seas. Iran, 58 Libya, 128, 148 Saudi Arabia, 53 Self-Defense Zones (SDZs), 398. See also High Seas. Territorial Sea, 116,261,263,277,355,390,398,410. See also Law of the Sea. AI-Muharaq (Kuwait), 55 Amoco Cadiz (U.S.), 553 Anticipatory Self-Defense. See Self-Defense. ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Pact), 132, 134,624 Arab League, 40, 52-53, 55, 66, 72, 133, 135, 173, 179, 60S, 621, 622. Jordan and Egypt (history), 124 Kuwait (history), 34 Arab-Israeli Conflict, 113 Security Council, 164-66 ARAMCO (Arabian-American Oil Company), 35, 274 Archipelagic Waters, 279-81, 358, 391,418,491,493,505,554 Argentina, 119, 129, 154, 170, 185,255,404-408. See also Falklands/Malvinas War (1982). Defense Zone, 129 Armed Attack. See also Aggression. Definition, 116-17 Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Pact (ANZUS). See ANZUS. Aviation, 71,129,283,305,399,416,425,482. See also Civil Aviation; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). B Balaou (France), 277 Belligerency, 136, 185-86, 189, 194. See also Non-Belligerency. Biological Weapons. See Weapons. Bismarck (Germany), 154,375 Index 630 Blockade, Law of, 112, 118, 122, 127, 134, 138-39, 159, 166-67, 182, 188, 349, 381, 385, 389-93, 398, 403,407,409,411,418,421,426,430,432-33,436,614-15. See also Aggression; Law of Naval Warfare; Security Council; United Nations Charter. Boundaries Africa, 620 Baselines, 267 Continental Shelf, 256, 258, 493 Iran, 252 Iran-Iraq, 36, 611 Japan (war zone), 403 Saudi Arabia, 251 Bubiyan Island, 47,51,69 c Canada, 510, 620 Carter Doctrine, 39, 50, ISO Carter, Jimmy, 44 Ceasefire, 33, 72-73, 605. See also Peacekeeping; Peacemaking. CENTCOM. See United States Central Command. C.H. White Claim, 248 Chemical Weapons. See Weapons. China, People's Republic of, 51, 55, 59,67,69,72, 133,164,176,261,272,275-76,482,553,557,620 Citations, 6 Civic Order (claims and compensation), 107 Civil and Political Rights Covenant, 558 Civil Aviation, IS, 71, 305. See also Aviation; International Civil Aviation Organization. Civil War, The (U.S.), 295 Civilian Targets. See Targets. Claims and Compensation Civic Order, 107 Public Order, 107 Clemenceau (France), 33, 64 Cold War, 130, 135-36, 154, 178,408,535,555,605,620-24 Conqueror (U.K.), 404 Contiguous Zone. See Law of the Sea. Continental Shelf. See Law of the Sea. Conventional Weapons. See Weapons. Conventional Weapons Convention (1980),178,354,529-30,532-35,555,559,619 Environment, 529 Convoys, 148-51, 156-57,284,297-303,360-72,388,399-401,414,430-35, 502, 612-13. See also Merchant Ships; Neutrality; Ships & Shipping; Warships. Belligerents, 365-82, 385, 419,613 Deception, 425, 428, 613, 618. See also Ruses & Perfidy. France, 69, 146 Iran, 46, 48,143,268,387,417,481 United Kingdom, 51, 146 United States, 33, 57, 59-67,72-73,146,184,193,298,388,394,605 Cordon Sanitaire, 147, ISO, 163,398,404,433,622. See also Self-Defense. Corfu Channel Case, 113, 124, 157 Crimes Against Peace, 131 United Nations Charter, 113 C.s.S. Alabama (Confederate), 295 Index 631 Cultural Property Convention (1954), 160,484,506-07,510-11,524,533,555,619_ See also Environment_ D Deception_ See Ruses & Perfidy. Defensive Sea Area (U.K.), 129. See also High Seas, Self-Defense Zones. Definition of Aggression Resolution, 116, 138 Dispute Settlement Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, 120 E EEZ. See Law of the Sea, Exclusive Economic Zone. Egypt, 39,42,47,54,56,59, 124-227, 139, 165,510 Eilat (Israel), 59,126,127,139 Elsa Cat (Denmark), 46, 143 Environment, 37-38,40,48,65,76,78,129,130,242-45,251,253,259, 266, 286, 298, 376,437, 481-604,615,618-19,625 Human Right (right to clean environment), 558 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 539 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, 486-99 Marine, 76, 129,244-45,286,376,481-604,618-19 Nares Oilfield Bombing, 48 Persian Gulf, 37 San Remo Manual, 536-38, 540 United Nations Charter, 485 Environmental Modification (ENMOD) Convention (1977), 500, 512 European Community (EC), 40, 135-36 Freedoms of Navigation and Overflight, 72 European Economic Community (EEC), 605 Exclusion Zone. See Maritime Exclusion Zones. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). See Law of the Sea. F Falklands/Malvinas War (1982), 119, 129, 135-36, 140, 153-55, 158, 170, 173, 185,398,400,404,406, 408-09,412-13,433-34,507,527,607,611,623 Farsi Island, 56, 68 Fisheries, 162-63,247-55,261,525. See also High Seas. Persian Gulf, 302 Fisheries Case, 261 Flagging. See Merchant Ships; Ships & Shipping; Warships. Force Majeure, 262, 276-77, 282-83, 349, 376, 491 France, 49, 55, 142. See also Clemenceau; Vile Daggers. Algeria, 110, 125,403 Convoys,69,146 Iran (diplomatic relations), 72 Iraq (weapons sales), 47, 50-51 Merchant Ships, 57, 63,144,146. See also Convoys. Neutrality, 42, 185 Index 632 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 69-70 Persian Gulf History, 33-34, 36-37 Suez Canal, 125 Territorial Sea, 260 United Nations, 67,173,176 Freedoms of Navigation and Overflight. See Law of the Sea; United Nations. G General Assembly, 109-12, 130-33, 187-92,241,349,485-87,533-35,554-55 Peace and Security (rulemaking), 175-78 Rhodesia, 167, 170 General Belgrano (Argentina), 129,404,406 Geneva Conventions (1949),49,160,166,178,180,189,193,299,349,421, 434, 484, 500, 506, 508, 512,516,521,532,535-36,556-57,619,624 Environment, 506, 516 Protocol I, 160, 180,296-97,352,369,375,386,484,500,512,516-32, 535, 546, 555, 619 Protocol II, 180,516 Geneva Gas Protocol (1925), 64,172,178,193,353,484,505,534,535,541,555,619 Genocide Convention (1948), 506, 555 Germany (F.R.G.), 37, 43,59,67-70,138,158,183 Grave Breach, 422, 507 Group of Seven, 605, 622 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 34,44-78,132-35,142,145,171-73,179-80,268,605-07,621-22 Establishment, 34, 44-47 Freedom of Navigation, 72 Gulfof Maine Case (1984), 258 Gulf of Oman, 37, 38, 50, 56, 58, 61, 62, 64, 67, 68, 71, 251, 255 Gulf Maritime Exclusion Zone, 41, 47-48,50-51,142,394. See also High Seas, Self-Defense Zones; Maritime Exclusion Zones. Cultural Property Convention (1954), 160,484,506-07,510-11,524,533,555,619. See also Environment. H Hague Conventions (1899),13,500,504,506-07,554 Hague Conventions (1907),13,166,260,365,418,484,500,504,506,535,538, 554, 619 Hague Cultural Property Convention (1954). See Cultural Propeny Convention. Helsinki Principles on Maritime Neutrality (1998),14,360,364,368,385 Herzog, Chaim, 74 High Seas, 245-52. See also Fisheries; Law of the Sea. Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZ), 54, 57, 394,410-15,433,615-16 Freedoms of Navigation and Overflight, 302 Ocean Zones (humanitarian), 394, 412-13, 538, 615 Self-Defense Zones, 394-402, 413, 433, 615. See also Maritime Exclusion Zones. Straits, 279-80 Visit and Search. See Merchant Ships. War Zones, 47, 52, 56,67,141,142,394,396,398,403-09,411,413-14,418, 433, 488, 615 H.M.S. Norfolk (U.K.), 34 H.M.S. Scylla (U.K.), 67 H.M.s. Sheffield (U.K.), 140 H.M.s. Wild Goose (U.K.), 34 Index 633 Hot Pursuit, 251, 261, 264. See also Law of the Sea, Contiguous Zone. Human Rights, 108,374,558,619 Environment, 558 Humanitarian Law, 49, 53, 57, 64, 143, 159, 172-73, 191, 193-94,349,351,373,375,378-79,382,384, 389,391,393-94,409,412,421-24,434-35,485,488,506, 509, 533, 539, 557-58, 613, 615, 617-18, 624 Ocean Zones, 394,412-13,538,615. See also High Seas. Rescue and Repatriation, 422-23 India Pakistan, 126, 131, 138, 170,620 Indian Ocean, 37-39, 44, 47,49, 155,246,279 Individual Responsibility. See Self-Defense. Innocent Passage, 278. See also Straits. Territorial Sea, 251 Internal & Inland Waters, 128,262,269-78,282,355-65,380,391,410,419,491-93, 496, 506, 511, 518. See also Law oCthe Sea, Territorial Sea. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 15,241,283,410,411 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 166, 171, 178, 180-81,297,299,361,363,391, 412,428,434,483,536,539-40,555-57,559,618,624. See also Red Crescent. Environment, 539 Guidelines, 540 International Court ofJustice, 15,484 International Humanitarian Law, 49, 53, 57, 64, 172-73,409,485 International Law. See also Law of Treaties; Legal Trends; United Nations Charter. Enforcement by United Nations, 178-79 Jus Ad Bellum, 160,353,538 Jus Cogens, 123, 145, 149, 159, 189,241,245,253,259,302,349,401,423,487,499,535,541-44, 558,606 Lex Specialis, 245 Sources, 6-28, 189-91 International Organizations, 6,77, 112,294,349,490,542,550,623,625.