The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan The Deposit Number at The National Library (2015/3/1000) INTEGRATED INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN JORDAN INTEGRATED INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT Prepared for the Ministry of Environment and the United Nations Development Programme August 2014 PREFACE The “Integrated Investment Framework for Sustainable Land Management” is a unique and comprehensive report prepared by the Ministry of Environment in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme and with the support of the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The report aims to provide an update for the situation in Jordan with regards to desertification and Sustainable Land Management (SLM), review the conditions since the preparation of the Integrated Finance Strategy (IFS) in December 2008, and bring forth a firm basis for work on the next Jordan National Action Plan (JNAP). Moreover, the report outlines the country’s progress in tackling desertification and in pursuing SLM. This is covered in terms of Jordan’s obligations to the UNCCD, the JNAP, related national obligations to climate change and biodiversity conservation, and a review of national sectoral plans and policies that are relevant to SLM. Hence, It is aspired to be used as a guide and a thorough reference that can pave the way towards the sustainable management of land in Jordan. In this regard, it is imperative to acknowledge the invaluable contributions from all institutions and individuals towards the preparation of this report. Particular appreciation is given to the chair of the National Committee of Desertification, Eng. Ahmad Qatarneh, and the members of the committee for ensuring the technical quality of the report. This effort was highly supported by the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation and enhances the strategic partnership between all partners towards the implementation of SLM. Further tribute is dedicated to the team of consultants who guided the preparation of the report and provided constructive inputs and peer review comments that significantly shaped this report. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meaning EMPs Environmental Management Plans EPF Environmental Protection Fund EPI Environment Performance Index ESIA The Environmental and Social Impact Analysis ESIP Environmental Strategy Implementation Plan ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ETFRN European Tropical Forest Research Network ECU Environmental Compensation Unit EUROPEGAP European Good Agricultural Practice FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FD Forestry Department FGEF French Global Environment Facility FIELD Financial Information Engine on Land Degradation FRB French Foundation for Biodiversity Research GBD General Budget Department GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GCEP General Corporation of Environmental Protection GDCWG Government-Donor Coordination Working Group GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse Gases GIS Geographic Information Systems GIZ German International Cooperation GM Global Mechanism GOJ Government of Jordan HCST Higher Council for Science and Technology HFDJB Hashemite Fund for the Development of the Jordan Badia HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HQ Headquarters HSBC Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation HUDC Housing and Urban Development Corporation ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas ICI The International Climate Initiative IDRC The International Development Research Center IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFS International Foundation of Science IFS Integrated Financing Strategy IIF Integrated Investment Framework IMF International Monetary Fund Abbreviation Meaning IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JAZPP Jordan Arid Zone Productivity Project JBRDC Jordan Badia Research and Development Center JCO Jordan Cooperative Organization JEF Jordan Environment Fund JES Jordan Environmental Society JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JNAP Jordan National Action Plan JOHUD Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development JOSCIS The Jordan Soil and Climate Information System JREEF Jordan Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Fund JRV Jordan Rift Valley JSDCBD Jordanian Society for Desertification Control and Badia Development JVA Jordan Valley Authority KFAS Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences KFW The German Development Bank MAB Man and Biosphere Program MD Meteorological Department MDGs Millennium Development Goals MEMR Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources MENA-DELP Middle East and North Africa Desert Ecosystems and Livelihoods Program MIT Ministry of Industry and Trade MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOPIC Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation MOE Ministry of Environment MOEd Ministry of Education MOF Ministry of Finance MOMA Ministry of Municipal Affairs MOSD Ministry of Social Development MOT Ministry of Transport MOTA Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities MWI Ministry of Water and Irrigation NA 21 National Agenda 21 NAP National Action Plan NAPs National Action Plans NBSAP The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NCARE The National Center for Agriculture Research and Extension NCARTT The National Center for Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer NCB The National Coordinating Body Abbreviation Meaning NCB National Committee for Biodiversity NCCC The National Committee on Climate Change NCCD The National Committee for Combating Desertification NCSA National Capacity Self-Assessment NDP National Development Plan NEAP The National Environment Action Plan NEEDS National Environment and Economic Development Study NERC The National Energy Research Center NES The National Environment Strategy NFCD National Fund to Combat Desertification NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NITC National Information Technology Center NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administartion NPRRD National Program for Rangeland Rehabilitation and Development NRA Natural Resources Authority NPRS National Poverty Reduction Strategy NSAD National Strategy for Agriculture Development NSERC Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Counil NSMLUP National Soil Mapping and Land Use Project NTS National Tourism Strategy NWS National Water Strategy NYS National Youth Strategy OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries PA Protected Area PACD Plan of Action Combat Desertification PMU Project Management Unit PoWPA Programme of Work on Protected Area PPPs Public Private Partnerships QIZ Qualified Industrial Zones REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation RJGC Royal Jordanian Geographic Center RSCN Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature SABEQ The Sustainable Achievement of Business Expansion and Quality SCCF The Special Climate Change Fund SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SEAs Strategic Environmental Assessments SGP Small Grants Programme SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SLM Sustainable Land Management Abbreviation Meaning SNC The Second National Communication SOER State of the Environment Report SPS Science for Peace and Security SRMP Sustainable Rangeland Management Project TOR Term of Reference TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training Fund TWAS Third World Academy of Science UK United Kingdom UNCCD United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertification UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCOD United Nations Conference on Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UOJ University of Jordan USA United States of America USAID United States Agency for International Development USDA United States Department of Agriculture WAJ Water Authority of Jordan WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WFP World Food Programme WGF Wallace Global Fund WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization WWF World Wildlife Fund Copyright © 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission for Ministry of Environment and United Nations Development Programme. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the report is the work of an independent team of authors sponsored by UNDP. REPORT STRUCTURE 1 Introduction 13 1.1 Preparation of the Draft IIF 13 1.2 Purpose of the Draft IIF 13 1.3 Draft IIF Report Structure 14 2 Desertification 15 2.1 Definition 15 2.2 Process, Causes and Indicators of Desertification 16 2.3 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 16 2.4 Other Key Global Environmental Obligations 19 3 Country Description: Jordan 20 3.1 Demography 20 3.2 Economic Development 20 3.3 Environmental Profile 21 3.4 Land Use Coverage 26 4 Desertification in Jordan 29 4.1 Reasons for Desertification 29 4.2 Water Resources 29 4.3 Activities Most Affecting Desertification 31 4.4 Economic Cost of Environmental Degradation 34 4.5 Current Status of Desertification in Jordan 34 5 Desertification and SLM Plans and Policies 36 5.1 National Reports on UNCCD Implementation 36 5.2 National Strategy and Action